GCSE BITESIZE Examinations General Certificate of Secondary Education AQA SCIENCE A Unit Physics P1a AQA Chemistry Unit Physics P1a PHY1A (Energy and Electricity) (Energy and Electricity) FOUNDATION TIER Specimen Paper Time allowed: 30 minutes Maximum marks: 36 Instructions Answer all of the questions for the Tier you are attempting. Record your answers on a separate answer sheet only. Do all rough work in this book - not on your answer sheet. Advice Do not choose more responses than you are asked to. You will lose marks if you do. 1
FOUNDATION TIER SECTION ONE Questions ONE to FIVE In these questions, match the letters A, B, C and D with the numbers 1-4. Use each answer only once. Mark your choice on the answer sheet. QUESTION ONE The picture shows a television: Match the types of energy A, B, C and D with the numbers 1-4 in the sentences below. A B C D light thermal sound electrical The energy input into the television is 1. energy. The useful energy output from the screen is 2. energy. The useful energy output from the speakers is 3. energy. As the TV is not 100 per cent efficient, some energy is wasted in the form of 4. energy 2
QUESTION TWO This question is about the different types of power station. Match the types of power station A, B, C and D with the numbers 1-4 in the table. A B C D Hydroelectric Nuclear Coal Geothermal Energy source 1 Steam from deep within the Earth 2 Water behind a dam 3 Heat is released from combustion of fossil fuels 4 Heat generated from a fission reaction involving radioactive uranium 3
QUESTION THREE Radiators transfer heat in a number of ways. When they are installed, people often place silver foil behind them. Match words the A, B, C and D with the numbers 1-4 in the sentences. A B C D radiation reflection conduction convection Heat is transferred through the metal of the radiator by 1. Hot air rises from the top of the radiator and transfers heat around the room through 2. Some heat is transferred from the radiator without the use of particles through 3. The silver foil behind the radiator will alter the direction of heat waves through 4. 4
QUESTION FOUR The Sankey diagram below shows the energy transfers involved in electricity generation in a coal-fired power station. Match numbers A, B, C and D with the spaces 1-4. A 0.35 B 30 C 70 D 95 5
QUESTION FIVE Read the article below: The quest for nuclear fusion Nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction which occurs in the Sun, producing huge amounts of energy with virtually no pollution. In 2002, a team from Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the US claimed to have achieved nuclear fusion in a table-top device. Fusion creates tiny particles called neutrons, which the scientists measured as evidence that nuclear fusion had occurred. However, many scientists were sceptical, as they were unable to reproduce the results. Another team of scientists used a piece of equipment with a smaller scale to measure a different indicator of nuclear fusion. They found that nuclear fusion had not occurred, and that it was likely the original team measured neutrons in the background. Match the words A, B, C and D with the numbers 1-4 in the sentences. A B C D precise valid controlled reliable To make the test fair, the first team of scientists made sure that the all of the other variables in their experiment were 1. However, when other scientists could not reproduce the results of the original experiment, this meant the data was not 2. Another team of scientists used a piece of equipment with a smaller scale, making their measurements more 3. than those of the original team. The equipment used by the second team of scientists made their conclusions more 4. 6
SECTION TWO Questions SIX to NINE Each of these questions has four parts. In each part, choose only one answer. Mark your choices on the answer sheet. QUESTION SIX The diagram below shows a wind turbine. 6A What kind of energy is transferred from the wind to the blades? 1 Thermal 2 Kinetic 3 Gravitational potential 4 Chemical 7
6B Wind is one of a number of renewable sources of energy. Renewable means that 1 it can be recycled. 2 it can be re-used. 3 it creates no pollution. 4 it can be replaced. In 2006, building work began on the UK s largest wind farm at Whitelee in Scotland, consisting of 140 wind turbines with the capacity to generate enough electricity for 200,000 homes. 6C In reality, it is unlikely that it will be able to satisfy the electricity demands of 200,000 homes on a regular basis. Which one of these statements is not a reason for this? 1 The turbines are too remote to supply the homes. 2 The strength of the wind will affect the amount of electricity generated. 3 There may be times when some houses will require extra electricity. 4 There may be times when the wind turbines have to be stopped for maintenance work. 6D A number of local residents near Whitelee objected to the building of this wind farm. The residents are likely to have objected because 1 it causes atmospheric pollution. 2 it generates noise and visual pollution. 3 it generates dangerous waste materials. 4 it will reduce the number of local jobs. 8
QUESTION SEVEN A family decided to replace their old dishwasher with a new model. They chose a model which had a sticker like the one below, showing that the dishwasher is energy-efficient. 7A A high energy efficiency rating means that 1 it will use less water than other dishwashers. 2 it will wash the dishes quicker, thereby saving energy. 3 it will transform more of the electrical energy into useful energy. 4 it has a lower power rating than other dishwashers. 7B The Government is investing a lot of money in promoting energy-efficient products. This is because 1 they use fewer raw materials in their manufacture. 2 they cost more, and therefore generate more tax revenue. 3 they have less environmental impact. 4 they are less environmentally damaging when disposed of. 9
7C Assuming that a dishwasher does 250 washes per year, an energy efficient dishwasher could save a household 12 per year compared with a less efficient model. However, the energy-efficient model which the family chose cost 60 more than less efficient models. If they save 12 per year on their electricity, how many years will it be before they have saved money by buying the energy-efficient model? 1 Four years 2 Five years 3 Six years 4 Seven years 7D The dishwasher has a power rating of 2.4 kw. The family uses it for a total of 3½ hours per day. How much energy does it transfer during a 3½-hour period? 1 3.5 kwh 2 7.92 kwh 3 8.4 kwh 4 9.6 kwh 10
7D In chromatography, substances can be identified by their Rf value. Another scientist suggested that he might be able to identify the colouring by comparing the Rf value of the spot against published data. The Rf value can be calculated using the formula: Rf = distance moved by the substance distance moved by the solvent What is the Rf value of the unknown spot of drink number 4? 1 0.4 2 0.6 3 0.7 4 1.6 11
QUESTION EIGHT A group of students investigated thermal energy transfer. They took two cans, painting one in shiny silver conductive paint, and the other in matt black conductive paint. They later added 300cm 3 of hot water to each can, then measured the temperature of each can every minute using a thermometer. The graph below shows their results: 8A The students needed to control key variables in order to make it a fair test. Which row of the table shows the variables that should be controlled and changed? Time cans were Type of surface left for paint 1 same different 2 different different 3 different same 4 same same 12
8B Which result/results should the group repeat? 1 Ten minutes for the shiny silver can 2 Six and seven minutes for the dull black can 3 Eight minutes for the dull black can 4 Seven and eight minutes for the dull black can 8C Which conclusion can be drawn from the data? 1 Dull black surfaces are best at conducting thermal radiation. 2 Dull black surfaces are best at emitting thermal radiation. 3 Shiny silver surfaces are best at absorbing thermal radiation. 4 Shiny silver surfaces are best at conducting thermal radiation. 8D The rate of heat loss for both cans is at its greatest early in the experiment, then it starts to decrease. The most likely reason for this is that 1 the group measured the temperatures inaccurately. 2 the air surrounding the can acted as an insulator. 3 the temperature difference between the can and the surroundings became less. 4 the room became hotter and transferred heat into the can. 13
QUESTION NINE A study by calculated the savings which could be made if an average threebedroom detached house was made more energy efficient: Energy-saving item Installation cost in Annual saving in per year Carbon dioxide reduction in kg per year Cavity wall insulation 500 90 750 Loft insulation 180 30 250 Insulating pipes 10 10 65 Hot water tank insulation 12 20 65 Double-glazing 3000 90 740 Energy-saving light bulbs 1.50 7 26 Draught-proofing 90 20 150 Floor insulation 90 45 370 9A Pay back time is the time it takes for a product to save more money than it originally cost. Using the information in the table, which insulating product has the quickest pay back time? 1 Draught proofing 2 Insulating pipes 3 Hot water tank insulation 4 Floor insulation 14
9B Approximately how greater is the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions as a result of installing double-glazing compared with loft insulation? 1 Three times more 2 Four times more 3 Five times more 4 Six times more 9C The study found that the use of energy-saving light bulbs actually meant the boiler required more gas to heat the house. The most likely explanation for this is that 1 less energy was being transferred by the boiler. 2 energy-saving bulbs were absorbing heat energy. 3 the energy-saving bulbs were wasting less heat. 4 the boiler had become less efficient. 9D The savings shown in the study would not be correct for most houses. Terraced houses would make fewer savings by installing these products. Why would terraced houses make fewer savings? 1 They are often already well insulated. 2 They have fewer external walls through which to lose heat. 3 The people who live there often use energy-efficient appliances already. 4 Terraced house are always smaller than detached houses. END OF QUESTIONS 15