WATER AND SANITATION AS AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT OF URBAN PLANNING

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WATER AND SANITATION AS AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT OF URBAN PLANNING

Habitat for Humanity India (Habitat/ HFH India) is a non-governmental organization that seeks to eliminate poverty housing Vision: "A world where everyone has a decent place to live WATER AND SANITATION Began operations in India in 1983 and has served more than 2,07,919 families throughout India with housing and sanitation solutions (as of Mar AS AN INTEGRAL 2017) COMPONENT OF URBAN PLANNING APHF6, Hong Kong Habitat India has an active presence in 20 states in India Habitat India works in partnership with state government bodies, CBOs, NGOs, 6micro th 7 th finance September, institutions 2017 Habitat India is a housing and sanitation organization with its other verticals including access to water, BCC, disaster response and volunteer program We build strength, stability and self-reliance through shelter.

India Water & Sanitation At a Glance 76 million people do not have access to water 774 million people lack access to adequate sanitation 140,000 children die every year from Diarrhoea 22 million girls do not have access to a separate toilet facility 30% of women and girls are sexually violated due to open defecation and absence of toilets Women, who have to collect drinking water, are vulnerable to a number of unsafe practices. Only 13% of adult males collect water Sources: 1,2: Water Aid 2015; 3,6: UNICEF 2017; 4,5: Sulabh International Delhi More than 1/3rd of Delhi s estimated population lives in slums with a lack of basic resources No. of slums in Delhi: 6,343 approximately No. of households living in Delhi slums: estimated at 10.20 lakhs (1,2 Million) Average number of households per slum: 161 Tap/ hand pump as drinking water source: 86.5% of slums 30% of the slums have a septic tank/ flush type of sanitation facility; 22% slums do not have any sanitation facilities Only 16.3% slums have permanent sewerage facilities Sources: 1: Census 2011; 2-7 : NSS 69th Round Survey by Directorate of Economics & Statistics 2012 ASIA PACIFIC HOUSING FORUM 6 1

Issues and Challenges Policy Level Multiple agencies are operational in urban. Sanitation is linked to tenure rights Inadequate data for effective planning Affordable / Accessible Technology Lack of good and easily accessible technical designs to construct toilets in limited space in urban slums Cities are either not covered or partially covered by sewerage. Lack of sanitation spaces in slums leads to risk of increased disease incidence and personal safety PPPP Model Being in private sector to scale the operations - 1 st P is PEOPLE (Community) Tested Business model to address scale and sustainability Focus on Hardware, Software and HEARTWARE ASIA PACIFIC HOUSING FORUM 6 3

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Urban Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) was launched on 2 nd October, 2014 It is also known as Clean India Initiative with the mission statement to make India Open Defecation Free (ODF) by 2019 The objectives of the mission include: Eradicating manual scavenging; Scientific municipal solid waste management; Instigating behaviour change w.r.t healthy sanitation practices; Creating awareness to improve public health; Capacity building of ULB s and encouraging private sector participation Provide access to basic sanitation to all citizens of the country (including solid waste management) Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) implemented by Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) Aims for 100% coverage for waste collection and processing in 4,041 towns and cities across India for a population of about 306 million by 2 nd October, 2019 A key strategy under SBA (Urban) is Behaviour Change Communication to ensure that sanitation as an issue is mainstreamed with general public at large A total of 15% of the total central allocation will be earmarked for this component Swachh Survekshan - to promote a healthy competition between cities for improving cleanliness standards, MoUD conducts a survey of cities. In 2016, 73 cities were rated whereas in 2017, 500 cities shall be surveyed to scale up the coverage of SBA and encourage towns and cities to actively implement mission initiatives in a timely and innovative manner ASIA PACIFIC HOUSING FORUM 6 3

Concept Adarsh Basti (Model Slum) Project The Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board (DUSIB) Govt. of Delhi mapped 675 slums in Delhi for provision of basic services DUSIB launched the model slum project to ensure that all the residents of these 675 slums in Delhi get appropriate access to all the basic services of drinking water, electricity, children s park, toilets, dustbins, waste management facilities along with provision of cleaning of drains and streets. As a pilot 10% of 675 slums approx. 52 slums have been selected for the first phase to be improved to evolve as Adarsh Basti or model slums This project has been appointed to 10 NGOs for implementation Habitat India has been appointed as nodal agency for 9 slums in consortium with World Vision India To provide: single window facility to expedite redressal in deficiency of basic services Implementation Strategy Assessment Awareness Long term impact of overall quality of life through: Capacity Building Transform to Adarsh Basti Improved Health Enhanced Education Develop linkages for Livelihood opportunities Promotion of Gender Equality through Women Empowerment Child Development Services ASIA PACIFIC HOUSING FORUM 6 2

Key Interventions As part of the Project, steps have been taken to ensure sustainability : Formation of Slum Development Committees or Basti Vikas Samiti s (BVS) in the slums to monitor the present scenario and evaluate the progress Training of Trainers (ToT): 2 day intensive TOT was conducted with World Vision India for the WASH committees and volunteers Setting up of information hub (community hall) at Press Lane JJ (jugghi jhopadi) Colony: to enhance dispersal of information about the model slum project, access to government schemes etc. Functional Literacy Program for women has been initiated to empower residents with basic reading and writing skills; with a special emphasis on sanitation, women s and children s health Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) and Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) have been encouraged through street plays, community interactions and such Provision of Cycle Rickshaw for community garbage collection Distribution of garbage bins to separate organic and nondegradable waste at the household level to address solid waste management ASIA PACIFIC HOUSING FORUM 6 3

Rating System To track the progress of the improvement in slums, DUSIB devised the following score card S. No. Categories: Rating Remarks: Sanitary Provisions and conditions are in the state of: 1 86% - 100% adherence to the given guidelines/norms Green Excellent: Keep it up!! 2 71%- 85% adherence to the given guidelines/norms Blue Very Good: Minimal scope for improvement 3 41%-70% adherence to the given guidelines/norms Yellow Fair: Significant scope for improvement 4 Below 40% adherence to the given guidelines/norms Red Poor: Requires immediate attention Once a slum receives a green rating ~ excellent, it is then declared as a Model Slum ASIA PACIFIC HOUSING FORUM 6 4

Opportunities and Way Forward Focus on B-U-M-T (Build, Use, Maintain and Treat) Integrated Solid & Liquid Waste Management requires urgent attention Robust spatial data platform is required to locate families who lack access to basic sanitation and data on waste generation and characterization. Behaviour change has to be adopted at the personal, professional and institutional levels Better Technology for sub-surface management of liquid waste to avoid pollution of ground water with large scale construction and usage of IHHLs, especially in places where there are no drainage lines Inclusive Urban Policies, Plans and Practices for Home-Based Workers (HBWs) for whom availability of water, electricity and infrastructure services impact profitability, health and safety. Enhance Corporate Engagement Unlocking CSR Money Promote Inter and Intra Departmental Convergence at policy level Focus on Capacity Building, Learning and Knowledge Management Being in private sector to scale the operations. ASIA PACIFIC HOUSING FORUM 6 3

MORE THAN JUST THANK YOU! We build strength, stability and self-reliance through shelter.

Water and sanitation as an integral component of urban planning Presented by Neil Jeffery 05 th September 2017

How to transform cities to benefit the millions of low income consumers? Retrofitting slums areas strengthened WASH system to bolster urban planning Improve efficiency of system through Non-Revenue Water reduction, network extension and other improvements Low income consumer units established in utilities to shape & promote appropriate offering to all consumers Introduce, test and scale innovative financial viable business models to promote service delivery Treat city as holistic unit Promote and encourage behaviour change of institution & consumers

Meeting the SDGs in city context Role of shared sanitation Align major ($100 million+) infrastructure investments to low income consumer needs Expand public private partnerships to de-risk private sector investment to support scaling of innovative business models Monitor and collect regular data, e.g. on faecal material, and use to for: research policy and research action e.g. SaniPath Encourage governments & municipalities to plan for response to whole city WSUP Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor

Example of Innovative Business Model: Flow of Human Waste in Dhaka safely disposed 3% or treated not effectively treated or safely 97% disposed not effectively 9% treated safe transport through sewers unsafe transport through leaking sewers safe transport by vacuum tanker unsafe manual emptying by sweepers connected to surface drains 11% 9% 1% 9% 69% 1% defecation open WSUP Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor

Example of Innovative Business Model: financially viable emptying business serving low income consumers, disposed of safely and connecting municipal treatment system WSUP Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor

Size of potential market: cities with nearly 25 million people and annual market size of over US$ 18 million Annual Market Size: US$ 1 million City Rank (by Size): 11 Sewerage Coverage: 0% Open Defecation: 1% Rangpur 3.4m population Annual Market Size: US$ 16.5 million City Rank (Size): 1 Sewerage Coverage: 20% Open Defecation: 1% Dhaka 16m population Annual Market Size: US$ 2.5 million City Rank (Size): 9 Sewerage Coverage: 0% Open Defecation: 1% Barisal 1.9m population Annual Market Size: US$ 5.0 million City Rank (Size): 2 Sewerage Coverage: 0% Open Defecation: 1% Chittagong 4m population WSUP Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor

Holistic city response, with focus on Behaviour Change... WSUP Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor

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SOME KEY SUCCESS FACTORS FOR URBAN FLOOD RESILIENCE AND CLIMATE ADAPTATION Piet Dircke - Global Leader Water Management, ARCADIS September 6 th 2017 Asia-Pacific Housing Forum 6 Habitat for Humanity Hong Kong Arcadis 2016 20

Arcadis 2016 Many cities face imminent threats through the combination of urbanization, land subsidence, increased rainfall intensity and sea level rise. The challenges of tomorrow cannot be overcome by solutions from the past. More sophisticated strategies are required.

Rotterdam started integrating water management solutions and urban planning decades ago, and managed to turn resiliency threats into economic opportunities Arcadis 2016 12 September 2017

Multifunctional solutions: Rotterdam is combining water management functions with urban functions such as parking, transport, recreation and tourism, increasing the value of these costly investments that occupy precious urban space, Arcadis 2016 Arcadis 2016

Underground Water Storage Central Station Rotterdam Arcadis 2016 Arcadis 2016

Resiliency requires redundancy and combining large-scale (like storm surge barriers) and small-scale community level measures. Pro-active interaction between decision makers, stakeholders and community leaders can help accelerate implementation. Arcadis 2016 Arcadis 2016

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