Vision: Preparing Iowa s youth to be successful, contributing members of society

Mission: ISU Extension and Outreach builds partnerships and provides research-based learning opportunities to improve the quality of life in Iowa. 4-H Mission: 4-H empowers youth to reach their full potential through youth and adult partnerships and research-based experiences. Vision: Preparing Iowa s youth to be successful, contributing members of society

Welcoming and inclusive needs to be as much part of the 4-H brand as rural is now. Because what keeps diverse kids interested in 4-H is also what keeps all kids interested in 4-H. I belong

MY VISION FOR 4-H We as an organization will build on what we already do so well: empowers youth to reach their full potential through youth and adult partnerships and research-based experiences We will add value to all our programs by building the capacity of our youth, volunteers, community and staff to work in the context of DIVERSITY and build programs that are welcoming and inclusive of ALL YOUTH regardless of economic status, gender, race, culture, language, disability, national origin, sexual orientation or socio-economic status. Overtime, 4-H will become the experts in facilitating the difficult community and institutional conversations from a systemic and research informed perspective SO THAT we as a state can empower ALL OUR YOUTH to reach their full potential. Why: 4-H will become obsolete without it It is a critical investment in our future as a state It is research based No one else has the capacity or the scale to make a difference in this area It is the law It is the right thing to do

Uncomfortable Comfort Zone Zone

Ethnicity (Geography) Race (Biology)

Accepted Patterns of Handling Emotion Relationship to Status by: Age, Gender, Sex, Class, Status, Kinship Notions of Modesty, Conception of Beauty, Ideals Governing Childraising, Rules of Descent, Cosmology, Relationship to animals and land Artefacts: Fine Arts, Literature Drama, Classical Music, Popular Music Cooking, Games, Dress, Folk Dancing, Language, Celebrations, Religion Notions about Logic & Validity Definition of Insanity, Conception of Past and Future, Conception of Self, Patterns of Visual Perception, Notions of Adolescence & Childhood Patterns of Superiority/Subordinate Relations, Definition of Sin, Courtship Practices, Conception of Justice, Incentives to Work, Notions of Leadership, Tempo of Work, Conception of Time, Patterns of Group-decision Making, Conception of Cleanliness, Conception of Status Mobility, Roles in **Adapted from: Robert Kohls, Gary Weaver

Cultural Competence For the individual Professional: The state of being capable of functioning effectively in the context of cultural differences. ** Cross, T. L., Bazron, B. J. & Benjamin, M. P. (1996).

Cultural Competence For the organization: A set of congruent practice skills, attitudes, policies and structures, which come together in a system, agency or those professionals to work effectively in the context of cultural difference. ** Cross, T. L., Bazron, B. J. & Benjamin, M. P. (1996).

Ethnocentric Stages Cultural Destructiveness Cultural Blindness Cultural Pre-Competence Ethnorelative Stages Basic Cultural Competence Advanced Cultural Competence Assimilation or Expulsion I am not a.. We are all the same inside I treat everybody the same Staff representing community as token Adaptation Program or Activity is Developed Systemic Change

Elements of Culturally Competent Practice Self-awareness (Organization & Individual) Knowledge (Organization & Individual) Personal Involvement (Organization & Individual) Resources and linkages (Organization & Individual) Practice (Organization & Individual) Staffing (Organization) Organizational Policies (Organization) Reaching-out to Communities/Image Marketing (Organization)

Self Awareness Know thy self!!!! What is your cultural background? What are your biases? Where is your privilege? When was the last time your organization or school took a long hard look at its cultural assumptions?

Exercise: Questioning our Assumptions in a Multicultural Context Who do we mean by the Best? Morrill Acts of 1862 -- University of the People? Dakota/Sioux Indian Massacre What if are an immigrant or refugee? Which country?

Bias and Privilege (Glenda)

Afternoon Session

Knowledge Research Literature and Statistical Information Asking Cultural Informants Formal Education Literature The Arts Historical Reading Learning the Language The Media (TV, Movies, Newspapers)

Where do K-12 youth live? 9.5% live in 36 counties with under 2000 K-12 enrollment 21.5% live in 39 counties with 2000-4000 K-12 enrollment 16.7% live in 14 counties with 4000-8000 K-12 enrollment 52.3% live in 11 urban counties But the real story does not stop there Source: 4-H and K-12 Outreach By the Numbers Report, ISU Extension

Yes, 52.3% of Iowa youth live in the 11 urban counties but Source: 4-H and K-12 Outreach By the Numbers Report, ISU Extension

Yes, 52.3% of Iowa youth live in the 11 urban counties but All of those counties have also seen a significant increase of kids of color 35.1% 17.1% 28.1% 11.8% 29.0% 18.0% 17.1% 16.5% 27.7% 26.3% Source: U.S. Census & 4-H and K-12 Outreach By the Numbers Report, ISU Extension = % Kids of Color

Growth Of Youth of Color in Iowa Schools Iowa State Public Schools Student Enrollment Group 2000-01 2012-13 Net Change Total Population 476,927 472,608-4,319 White 430,677 (90.3%) 377,238 (79.8%) -53,439 Am Indian/Alaska 2,447(.5%) 2,034 (.5%) -413 Latino 17,019 (2%) 43,979 (9.3%) +26,960 African American 18,510 (3.9%) 24,621 (5.2%) +6,111 Asian American/PI 8,274 (1.7%) 10,228 (2.2%) +1,954 Kids of Color 46,250(9.7%) 95.370 (20.2%) +44,423 ELL 3.2% 5% About 70% speak Spanish (next Vietnamese at 3%) 32,255 = Number of students in Private Schools (12% of Color) 4,295 = Number of Immigrant Students (Student Not born in US in 2011-2012 SY) Source: Iowa Department of Education

The Changing Face of Iowa 3.92 The average family size for the Iowa Latino population in 2010. The average family size in the state of Iowa is 2.97. 22.3 median age of Iowa Latinos 27.3 median age of Iowa African Americans 38.0 median age for all Iowans 11.8% of the Iowa Latino population is under age 5. Latinos have a higher concentration of preschoolers among the population than any other race or ethnic group. S T A T E D A T A C E N T E R O F I O W A A P R O G R A M O F I O W A L I B R A R Y S E R V I C E S/S T A T E L I B R A R Y & T H E O F F I C E O F L A T I N O A F F A I R S (2013)

School Enrollment v. 4-H Club Enrollment Group Public School 4-H Clubs Total Enrollment 472,608 23,777 Persistence Rate White 79.8% 96.8% 78.5% Am Indian/Alaska 0.5% 0.1% N/R Latino 9.3% 1.4% 55.8% African American 5.2% 0.3% 64.3% Asian American/PI 2.2% 0.4% 83.3% Kids of Color 20.2% 3.2% Gap = 17 Pts. ELL 5% Could not find data ELL 70% is Spanish (next Vietnamese at 3%) **Group enrollments are much more in line with public school enrollments however participate in the club atmosphere are 2.53 times more likely to persist in the 4-H Source: IDE (2013) & 4-H and K-12 Outreach By the Numbers Report, ISU Extension (2012), Whaley (2011)

Key Numbers 508, 142 Iowa Total School Enrollment (Includes PK) 108,374 Youth Touched by 4-H 23,777 Club Members 376,660 Unreached Youth (Blue Sky)

Elements of Culturally Competent Practice Self-awareness (Organization & Individual) Knowledge (Organization & Individual) Personal Involvement (Organization &Individual) Resources and linkages (Organization & Individual) Practice (Organization & Individual) Staffing (Organization) Organizational Policies (Organization) Reaching-out to Communities/Image Marketing (Organization)

Personal Involvement Consulting with Cultural Informants Joining Celebrations and Important Events Joining community diversity dialogues Ethnic Organizations Walking the Community Sport Teams Music and the Arts Friendships

Rescuer Persecutor Avoid the rescue triangle Culture of Poverty Theory Victim

The Latino Paradox (Is assimilation good for Latinos?) Health: The Hispanic paradox, or Latino paradox, also known as the "epidemiologic paradox," refers to the epidemiological finding that Hispanic and Latino Americans tend to have health outcomes that paradoxically are comparable to, or in some cases better than, those of their U.S. white counterparts, even though Hispanics have lower average income and education. -- John Ruiz, Ph.D., assistant professor at the University of North Texas 2011 Child welfare: A 2010 study published by the Urban Institute found that things are different for different generations of Hispanic children. While children of immigrants were underrepresented in foster care, third generation children were significantly over-represented. Education: First generation Latino immigrant youth in non-english speaking homes have about the same level of educational attainment as third generation immigrant youth from English-speaking homes, all else equal. Second generation immigrant youth, however, have higher educational attainment than third generation immigrant youth, even when they live in non-english homes. Vanessa Cruz, DePaul University, 2009

Cultural Competence & Positive Youth Development (Are both Strength/Asset Based)

Resources and Linkages Work from the strengths in the community? Parents Youth Community Leaders Translators and Interpreters Personal Involvement Representative Planning Committees Cultural Informants and Consultants

Practice Is it culturally & linguistically appropriate?

Exercise: Use of Interpreters **Avoid using youth as interpreters for their families. It can do harm.

Staffing Who is part of your staff? (at all levels) Is cultural competence one of the criteria considered in hiring? Is staff training appropriate?

Organizational Policy

Reaching Out to Communities Image and Marketing

Cultural Communication Verbal Non-verbal Contextual

Other ways in which good communication varies across cultures. Task Oriented Relationship Oriented Clarity Face-to-Face Communication Emphasis on Words Importance on the Individual Supportive Discussion Expression of Emotion Detached/Objective Stile Simplicity Concrete Indirect Speech Use of Third Party Emphasis on Context Importance of Harmony Critical Discussion Suppression of Emotion Animated Style Complexity Theoretical

Good means are within themselves good ends. -Gandhi (1924)

Race: Latino, African American, etc Refugee & Immigrant Migrant Disability Rural/Urban Limited English Proficient Culturally Specific Skills Cultural Competence Skills Today s Conversation Knowledge Personal Involvement Resources and linkages Practice Staffing Organizational Reaching-out to Communities Image Marketing Exploration of Privilege & Bias