Biomass to fuels!
Pressurised Entrained Flow Gasification of Slurries from Biomass Thermo chemical biomass conversion to Fuels, Chemicals and Energy R.Stahl, E.Henrich, K.Raffelt M.Schingnitz KIT, Institut für Technische Chemie Siemens Fuel Gasification Technology KIT The cooperation of Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH and Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT = Fusion of Forschungszentrum und University 10 km, 15 min Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH 10 Programmes 27 Institutes 3.700 Staff 390 Mio. Budget ++ Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 11 Fakulties 118 Institutes 4.000 Staff 250 Mio. Budget 18.500 Students Nature- & Engineering science Advantages in... education... research... technology transfer... industrial co operations 3
Chemical pathways Wax CH 3 -(CH 2 ) n -CH 3 Diesel Fischer- Tropsch- Synthesis Refining Gasoline LPG Gas. C 6 H 9 O 4 Biomass Syngas H 2 CO Hydrogen Methane (SNG) DME Direct use (Fuel cell, PMEproduction) Methanol- Synthesis Further Processing Propylen Ethylen Diesel CH 3 OH Gasoline. 4
Feedstock dry lignocellulose Agriculture Straw, hay,. Energy crops Forestry Residual wood Short rotation plantation Land cultivation residues Cultivation wood Cultivation hay 5
The process chain basing on a review on technologies suitable to be adapted to biomass feedstocks centralised Synthesis Gas cleaning Entrained Flow Gasification Products Biomass Slurry Preparation Fast Pyrolysis de-central
gas 100 80 Fast pyrolysis Product yields 1 bar, ~ 500 C, sand/biomass ratio 10, gas residence time < 2 s gas aqueous condensate 60 organic 40 aqueous tar char ash 20 0 wood flour Straw chops spruce beech wheat rice Liquid - ratio 4 2 1.5 Solid increasing technical efforts for slurry production char ash
Slurry preparation Composition of components for slurry preparation Parameter (a.d.) Water (%) Ash (%) char 4.5 2 Beech wood products Raw wood tar 13.6 0.1 Acetic acid 67.0 <0,05 Straw ash 2.0 Wheat straw products char 0.7 17.7 condensate 45-55 0 Ultimate analysis C (%) 84.0 51.8 10.0 2.6 64.1 13,0-15,6 H (%) 2.6 6.3 2.9 0.2 3.7 4,3-5,2 O (%) 6.5 27.8 19.6 12.7 25,0-34,7 N (%) 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 1.0 0,4-0,5 S (%) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 1.0 <0.05 <0.05 Heating value H u (MJ/kg) 31 19 1.7 25 3,7-5,1
Slurry preparation Development of slurry preparation technology colloid mixer 9
Slurry preparation Particle deagglomeration in a colloid mixer colloid mixer mixing stirrer Optical microscope pictures: left: char powder suspended in methanol right: slurry after colloid mixer particle size (um) 10
Slurry preparation Slurry viscosity - viscosity several Pa*s at 20 C at high solid contents near sedimentation density - viscosity below 0.3 Pa*s for efficient pneumatic atomisation at 80 C. 4 60 50 40 30 20 temperature -- -- [ o C ] -- logarithm of viscosity [ ln ( η ) ] 3 2 1 0-1 -2 30 % char 26 % char 33 % char 23 % char 10 1,0 0,1 viscosity [ Pas ] -3 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 reciprocal temperature [ 1000/Kelvin ] 11
density Slurry preparation Slurry quality for syngas production solid concentration Increasing water level density water content solid content Char particle size (x 80 = 53 µm) HHV at the beginning 14.5 MJ/kg, at the end 13.5 MJ/kg 12
Gasification block flow diagram Pilot plant Slurry Oxygen Presurised entrained flow Gasifier Natural Gas Purge Gas Fresh Water Process Water Water quench Raw Syngas Waste Water Solid Slag