OE-INES-1 International Symposium on Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems for Sustainable Development of the World Tokyo, Japan, October 31 - November 4, 2004 System Analysis of Pb-Bi ooled Fast Reactor PEAER Yong H. Yu, Kune Y. Suh* *kysuh@snu.ac.kr Nuclear Integrated Design Engineering Analysis
PEAER Design Focus Proliferation-Resistance Tech. & institutional barriers Environment-Friendliness Transmutation Accident-Tolerance Pb-Bi coolant ontinuable-energy U & Th fuel Economical heap pyroprocessing Reactor ritical Po-210 Radiation E Pyroprocess A System Economization Melting Point Natural irculation Safety Partitioning Reactivity Feedback P Proliferation Resistance Transmutation Shutdown Margin E Shields riticality and Depletion Fuel Resources
PEAER for Transmutation & Energy LWR Spent Fuel International Transmutation & Energy enter International Transmutation & Energy enter Local Interim Site Heavy Liquid Metal Reactor Electric Power Fuel Fabrication Pyroprocessing Actinide and Long-lived Fission Products Short-lived Low-Level Wastes Geological Disposal Land Disposal Site
System Design Parameters Thermal Power [MWth] 1,560 ycle Length [day] 365 Electric Power [MWe] 550 apacity Factor [%] 90 Thermal Efficiency [%] 35 Fuel omposition U-TRU-Zr (57.2-31.9-10.9) oolant Pb-Bi Smeared Density [%] 67 ( 73) ontrol Assembly B 4 Enrichment Zones 2 EFPD [day] 330 ladding Material HT-9
Reactor ore Design ontrol Assembly (28) Reflector (132) Shield (192) B 4 Absorber (20) Tc loading, 15 cm high z 160.4 85.2 35.1 0 Inner Reflector Absorber 61.2 Inner ore Fission Gas Plenum D/2 L Axial Reflector Outer ore Reflector and Shield 183.6 244.8 306.0 r High Enriched Driver Assembly (176) Low Enriched Driver Assembly (184) ross-sectional View Side View (unit: cm)
Proliferation-Resistance Pu Odd Ratio 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.48 BO EO Pu Odd Ratio 0.56 BO 0.54 EO 0.52 0.10 0.12 0.14 L/D (Fuel Volume Fraction = 15.8%) 0.50 0.48 0.158 0.180 0.205 Fuel Volume Fraction (L/D = 0.103) Goal for OR(<0.5) is achieved at low L/D and fuel volume fraction
Environment-Friendliness 2.2 2.1 2.07 Support Ratio 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.95 2.2 Support Ratio 1.85 2.1 2.07 2.0 0.10 0.121.9 0.14 L/D (Fuel Volume Fraction = 15.8%) 1.8 1.93 1.80 1.7 0.158 0.180 0.205 Fuel Volume Fraction (L/D = 0.103) Goal for SR(>2.0) is achieved at low L/D and fuel volume fraction
Accident-Tolerance Peak Power Density (kw/l) 320 300 280 260 301.2 298.3 296.3 400 BO 277 276.2 EO 276.3 350 Peak Power Density (kw/l) 301.2 0.10 0.12300 0.14 L/D (Fuel Volume Fraction = 15.8%) 277 BO EO 339.4 312.5 385.9 355.3 250 0.158 0.180 0.205 Fuel Volume Fraction (L/D = 0.103) Peak power density is low at 50% of the current Na-cooled reactor Peak power density decreases with fuel volume fraction
Transient Analysis
Analysis Domain
Problem Definition Loss of Heat Sink 400 360 Reactor tripped when the secondary flow is reduced to 80%. 300 ore 106.12 ton/s (Fixed) 197 (Fixed) The secondary pump tripped, and the flow is coast down according to the pump characteristic curve. 808.1 kg/s
Temperature Transient
Design Shakedown
PEAER-300 Design PEAER-550 1560 MWth (550 MWe) 14x14 (360 assemblies) Thermal Power Fuel Assembly PEAER-300 850 MWth (300 MWe) 17x17 (252 assemblies) Natural irculation Passive Safety System Natural irculation and Reactor Vessel Aux ooling System ylindrical Shape Steam Generator Bucket Shape
Schematic of Steam Generator Geometry Design Value Pressure [MPa] 8 Number of Loops Number of Tubes per Unit 9,853 Tube Length [m] 5 P/D, Tube Outer/Inner Diameter [mm] 1.2, 20/16 Mass Flow Rate [kg/s] 19,353 Feedwater Mass Flow Rate [kg/s] 146 3
PEAER-300 Primary System
Thermal Limits of Guard Vessel The ASME ode The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel ode Section III, Division 1, Section NH (lass 1 omponent in Elevated Temperature Service)
Air ooling System Layout
Water Pad System Layout
Decay Heat Transient
Air ooling System Efficiency Design Limit
Reactor Vessel Outer Temperature
Reactor Vessel Inner Temperature Design Limit
Subchannel Analysis
Region of Interest (3x3)
MATRA alculational Results (3x3) oolant channel exit temperature distribution 425 420 415 Temperature () 410 405 650 Fuel rod maximum temperature distribution 400 600 395 550 390 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 hannel number Temperature () 500 450 Fuel center Fuel surface lading surface Fluid 400 350 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rod number
FX Numerical Results (3x3) oolant temperature on fuel rod surface and at boundary (a) oolant temperature on fuel rod surface (b) oolant temperature on a skeleton surface (c) oolant temperature at symmetry boundary (a) (b) (c)
FX Numerical Results (3x3) oolant velocity on fuel rod surface and at boundary (a) Axial velocity distribution on fuel rod surface (b) Axial velocity distribution at symmetry boundary (a) (b)
FX Numerical Results (3x3) Temperature and velocity distributions in a horizontal section at z = 0m (inlet) Similar temperature and velocity profiles on each fuel rod except skeleton
FX Numerical Results (3x3) Axial velocity distribution at center of subchannel
FX Numerical Results (3x3) Axial temperature distribution at center of subchannel Temperature Distribution MATRA ode Result Temp erature ( K ) z-direction (m)
Region of Interest (17x17)
MATRA alculational Results (17x17) 17) oolant channel exit temperature distribution 425 420 415 Temperature() 410 405 400 395 390 1 21 41 61 81 101 121 141 161 181 201 221 241 261 281 301 321 hannel number
MATRA alculation Results (17x17) 17) Fuel rod maximum temperature distribution 600 550 Temperature() 500 450 400 350 1 21 41 61 81 101 121 141 161 181 201 221 241 261 281 Rod number
Scaling Analysis
PEAER Primary System
Pressure Loss in PEAER Pressure Loss According to Mass Flow Rate Pressure Loss According to Thermal enter Difference
Natural irculation apacity of PEAER Heat Removal According to Mass Flow Rate Heat Removal According to Thermal enter Difference
Scaling Analysis ontinuity Momentum Equation U = i a a o i U r du ρ dt r i a a o i l i = βgρ Tl h U r ρ 2 2 i f l d ao + K i ai 2 Ri g L T = β 2 U F L = f + K D Design Parameter PEAER HELIOS Richardson Number 14.80 14.80 Friction Number 29.5 7.5 Thermal enter Difference [m] 8 8 Velocity in ore [m/s] 0.199 0.199 T [ ] 55.4 55.4 Thermal Power 156 MW 9.3 kw
HELIOS Primary System P&I D OS vent Level buffer (& impurity control) Ar injection P HX system-04 over gas system-03 400 6.83 kg/s Temperature, Flow sensor Temperature, Flow sensor 8 m height P 2 tube-20 mm dia. 2 m long Orifice-05 All 2 pipe with insulation jacket heater Ar injection P Heater P Pressure gauge Pb-Bi Bypass 300 6.83 kg/s Ar injection P bypass P Pb-Bi Pump-07 Impurity control-06 vent Gas Injection System ore mockup system-02 Bottom tray Storage system-01 flange Storage
HELIOS Design Initial onditions Parameter PEAER HELIOS Number of Loops 2 1 Flow Area of ore [m 2 ] 9.4371 0.0020 Hydraulic Diameter [m] 0.01703 0.0271 Thermal enter Difference [m] 8 8 Natural irculation Results Parameter Value Decay Power [MW th ] 156 Mass Flow Rate [kg/s] 19,237 Temperature Difference [K] 55.4 Velocity in ore [m/s] 0.199
HELIOS Schematic Diagram
Heat Transfer Mechanism Heat Exchanger Design: Log-Mean Temperature Difference T lm = T 1 T ln 1 T T 2 2 T T T T T T = 1 Pb Bi, in W, out = 2 Pb Bi, out W, in
Subchannel Analysis Step 1 General Friction Factor -ore & SG: Square Lattice Step 2 Mixed onvectional Friction Factor ore: Square Lattice Heated Upward Flow SG: Triangular Lattice ooled Downward Flow ore SG
From AD to FX Heating Region Importing AD Modeling Meshing
Solver Boundary ondition Inlet Boundary ondition - Mass Flow Rate: 6.83 kg/s Outlet Boundary ondition - Mass Flow Rate: 6.83 kg/s Heating Source - Heat Flux: 3183 kw/m 2 Iteration Number: 1000 Residual: 0.00001
Result - Velocity Vector Streamline
Result - Pressure Pressure Gradient Sudden Expansion Local Area Pressure
Result - Temperature Outlet: 400 Inlet: 300