Army Energy Program Greg Kuhr DRAFT DECK Director Facilities and Logistics Installation Management Command (IMCOM) US Army 12 June 2012
Quadrennial Defense Review February 2010 Energy Security assured access to reliable supplies of energy and the ability to protect and deliver sufficient energy to meet operational needs DoD will promote investments in energy efficiency ensure that critical installations are adequately prepared for prolonged outages caused by natural disasters, accidents, or attacks Balance energy production and transmission to preserve test and training ranges and operating areas needed to maintain readiness Energy efficiency can serve as a force multiplier, because it increases the range and endurance of forces in the field and can reduce the number of combat forces diverted to protect energy supply lines QDR energy security discussion is consistent with Army approach and priorities 1
Army Energy in Perspective The Army manages both Installation & Operational Energy requirements The Army is largest facility energy consumer in the Federal Government $1.3B (FY11) The Army spent $3.7B on liquid fuel purchases in FY11, a more than $1B increase over FY10, in part due to an increase in the cost to deliver liquid fuel in Afghanistan Fort Carson Photovoltaic Array Operational Energy equates exactly to operational capability - General John Allen, Commander United States Forces Afghanistan, December 2011 Improving our energy security directly translates to improving our national security. - General Martin Dempsey, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, October 2011 2
Army Power and Energy Framework Basing Soldier Vehicles Installation Contingency Tactical Non Tactical Net Zero Installations Contingency Basing Smart & Green Energy Mini Grid Power Plants Adv. Mobile Medium Power Sources Insulated Tents/Spray Foam Renewable Energy Program Plan ARNG Energy Lab (Schools) LED & Electroluminescent Lighting Shower Water Reuse System Expeditionary Water Packaging Water From Air System System Integration Lab - Ft Devens Solar, Wind, Geothermal Power Rucksack Enhanced Portable Power Expeditionary Energy Soldier Power Manager Nett Warrior OSD Operational Energy Strategy Senior Energy & Sustainability Council Energy Initiatives Task Force Army Energy Security Initiatives Net Zero Strategy Tactical Fuels Manager Defense Smart-Charging Micro Grids Vehicle-to-Grid (Fort Carson, CO) Alternative Fuels Low Speed Electric Vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles Hybrid Truck Users Forum (TARDEC) Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles Improved Turbine Engine Program Operational Energy Installation Energy 3
Army Energy Program Change the Culture: Every Soldier a Power Manager Energy and Sustainability must be a consideration in all Army activities Foundation is energy conservation and low cost/no cost measures System wide approach for designing base camps to capture efficiencies Drive Efficiency Across the Enterprise Leverage public private financing to accelerate efficiency projects Implement technologies to significantly reduce energy footprint in the field and on installations Build Resilience through Renewable/Alternative Energy Diversify sources of energy to allow for continued operations during energy disruptions Attract private investment to develop large scale renewable energy projects Provide flexibility and resiliency by developing alternatives and adaptable capabilities Science and Technology Army s future efforts depend on Science and Technology investments 4
Facilities Energy Energy Reductions Army Facilities Energy investments are producing results Since FY03 the Army has reduced its energy consumption by 13.1% while total population on its installations has increased 20% High Performance Building Standards Implemented the highest building standards in the Federal Government, ASHRAE 189.1 Building Energy Audits Third Party Financing Army has most robust Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC) program in entire Federal government. Expects to execute ~$800 million ESPC/UESCs in 2012 and 2013. Non-Tactical Vehicle Fleet Actively managing fleet to reduce size and improve efficiency 8% reduction in fuel use in FY11 Energy Initiatives Task Force and Net Zero Initiative Renewable Energy Projects >10MW Net Zero Identified 17 pilot installations LEED Gold Brigade Combat Team headquarters, Fort Carson, CO 5
MGGE AMERICA S ARMY: Non-Tactical Vehicles Goal to reduce fleet petroleum consumption Solution Reduce fleet size Right size vehicles Alternative fuel vehicles Results Petroleum usage decreased 8.2% in FY11 Fleet size ~77,600 (~82,800 vehicles in FY09) Planned reductions of 5,000 per year FY12-14 Right sizing new vehicles more efficient that those they replace Alternative fuel vehicles Increased 57% FY09- FY11 Testing electric vehicle and vehicle to grid (V2G) technology (Fort Carson) 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 Covered Petroleum Consumption FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 Total Consumption Target Ft. Dix Soldiers and Civilians turn in a vehicle for a hybrid vehicle Electric truck participating in V2G test at Fort Carson 6
Net Zero Hierarchy A Net Zero ENERGY Installation is an installation that produces as much energy on site as it uses, over the course of a year. A Net Zero WATER Installation limits the consumption of freshwater resources and returns water back to the same watershed so not to deplete the groundwater and surface water resources of that region in quantity or quality. A Net Zero WASTE Installation is an installation that reduces, reuses, and recovers waste streams, converting them to resource values with zero solid waste to landfill. A Net ZERO INSTALLATION applies an integrated approach to management of energy, water, and waste to capture and commercialize the resource value and/or enhance the ecological productivity of land, water, and air. 7
Energy Initiatives Task Force The EITF is producing a process for developing large-scale renewable energy projects that is clear, consistent and transparent. This process will be described in a Renewable Energy Project Development Guide that will detail the five phases of project development. 8
Operational Energy FY09 NDAA Definition: [T]he energy required for training, moving, and sustaining military forces and weapons platforms for military operations. The term includes energy used by tactical power systems and generators and weapons platforms. CHALLENGE: Liquid Fuels + Generators = Energy on today s battlefield 9
Energy in the Operational Hierarchy 1. Strategic: Petroleum resources increasingly concentrated outside US sphere of influence Energy logistics limitations constrain National Defense options World Energy Choke Points NDN 2. Operational: 70-80% of resupply volume is fuel and water, limits sustainment alternatives Fully Burdened Cost of Fuel ranges from $3.95 to as high as $56/gal in Afghanistan. PAK GLOC 3. Tactical: Energy drives key operational capabilities such as maneuver, awareness, communication, etc. One Soldier 72 hours: 7 types, 70 batteries, 16 lb Dismounted platoon for 72 hours: >400 lbs of batteries 1 Casualty/ 46 Convoys In OEF 10 10
QUESTIONS? Energy Security assured access to reliable supplies of energy and the ability to protect and deliver sufficient energy to meet operational needs (QDR) Our Soldiers Deserve Nothing Less!
BACKUP 12
Strategy into Action Strategy/Concepts 21 Oct 11 Operational Energy - Initial Capabilities Document (ICD) CENTCOM Operational Energy Documents 24 Sep 10 Tactical Fuel and Energy Implementation Plan 19 Aug 10 19 Aug 10 13 Jan 09 Army Energy Security Implementation Strategy (AESIS) Army Power and Energy White Paper 13 Oct 10 13 Oct 10 1 Apr 10 22 Feb 11 Tasks/Objectives Army Operational Energy Campaign Plan TBP Contingency Basing Campaign Plan Draft v0.2, 30 Jul 11 & Leader Development And Training Change Culture Draft 14 Dec 11 Army Integration Campaign Objective 2.0 Provide Facilities, Programs & Services to Support the Army and Army Families Major Objective 2-8: Institutionalize Contingency Basing Campaign Objective 8.0 Improve Energy Security and Sustainability Major Objective 8-2: Increase Operational Energy Effectiveness Subtasks 1. Increase Operational Effect 2. Reduce Consumption 3. Increase Efficiency 4. Expand Alternatives 5. Assure Access 13
U.S. Army Energy Consumption, 2011 United States Federal Government Department of Defense Army 21% Federal Gov 1% DoD 80% FY10 Snapshot - $2.7B Operational Energy Costs - $1.2 B Facility Energy Costs - +64% fuel costs in Afghanistan - not counting cost to deliver and secure 65% 35% 75% 25% 58% 42% Facilities Vehicles & Equipment (Tactical and Non-tactical) U.S. = 94,578 Trillion Btu Fed Gov = 1,096 Trillion Btu DoD = 880 Trillion Btu U.S. Army = 190 Trillion Btu Sources: Energy Information Agency, 2009 Annual Energy Review; Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports submitted to DOE's Federal Energy Management Program (Preliminary FY 2009)
Army Energy Consumption Army Energy Requirements are Driven by Mission Requirements Army Force Moves Present Current Army Force Structure From Theatre 1 5 2 364 From Europe Future Expanding/closing bases Bringing soldiers home Additional training for the Guard and Reserve Sources: Defense Science Board. More Fight Less Fuel (February 2008); Department of the Army FY07 Annual Energy Management Report (December 2007) 15