Innovation & Grid Modernization at ComEd Laura García García Grid Strategy & Analytics Commonwealth Edison
ComEd, An Exelon Company 2 Our Customers: 4 million electric customers in northern Illinois, including the City of Chicago Our Company: One of four utilities owned by Exelon Exelon also owns generation and energy sales businesses ~6,400 Employees Service Territory: 11,427 square miles Our Grid: Peak Load: 23,753 MW (7/20/2011) 552,600 distribution transformers 105,400 circuit miles 1,076 substations 274 transmission-connected, 802 distribution-connected
Changing Energy Landscape 3 Today s energy landscape is evolving and Utilities are being confronted with an uncertain operating environment 1 Technology Action on innovation Climate is accelerating Change Clean energy policy Increase in weather related outages The future grid will need to be: Technology 2 Accelerated Technology innovation is Innovation accelerating 3 Customers Digitalization Solar is growing Costs are declining Customer segments of one Pervasive Connectivity Clean Lean Decentralized 4 Protected always - on lifestyle Cyber and physical security Resiliency Communal
Utility Platform Integrated Layers 4 Producers Services and solution providers (e.g. DER Installers, DR, IoT providers) Aggregators & Retailers 4 3 The 4 layers Services & solutions marketplace Transactive commodity exchange Consumers / Prosumers End-users (e.g., residential, C&I, municipals) 2 Traditional Gencos and power suppliers DER providers 1 System operation and planning The physical asset base with new technologies
DOE Funded Projects at ComEd 5 ComEd is currently involved in several DOE research grants to advance the state of the art microgrid, energy storage, solar PV, distribution grid visibility, and T&D simulation technologies. ComEd is currently leading three projects, namely the microgrid controller and the SHINES projects, and SIMPLE TM
Microgrid Controller Development and Real-Time Simulation 6 The U.S. Department of Energy awarded approximately $1.2 million to ComEd and its partners to develop and test a commercial-grade microgrid controller capable of managing two or more clustered microgrids. Hardware Environment C37.118 Software Environment Feeder Protection Relay 1 Amplifier Feeder Protection Relay 2 RTDS GT-AO GT-DI RSCAD Models System Model CHP & Diesel Models BESS Models PV Model GT-NET PMU GT-NET GOOSE GT-DI GT-DO C37.118 Gateway (Axion) DNP3 Modbus PI Historian Database Translator db Controller System Under Test (CSUT) Microgrid Master Controller Power Quality & Revenue Meter Load Models DNP3 RTDS Real-Time Screen & Batch files For Performing/Automating Tests Visualization & Display System Operation Viewer Hardwired I/Os Communications (TCP/IP) Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulations 6
Microgrid Integrated Solar Storage Technology (MISST) 7 MISST Initiative: Development and demonstration of integrated, scalable, and cost-effective technologies for solar PV that incorporates energy storage in a microgrid $4 Million DOE grant Deployment of at least 0.75 MW of solar PV and at least 0.5 MW of storage Advancement of smart inverter technology IIT Microgrid ComEd Microgrid POI3 POI1 B4 B1 B2 B3 Solar and Storage GS BC CO BES B6 B5 DLI CC 4.16/12.5 kv PD FC 2 2MW POI2 Tie RC Roof-top PV Automated switches Vista Switch MA GL FC Fuel cell 5 MW POI4
SIMPLE 8 Sensors with Intelligent Measurement Platform and Low-cost Equipment (SIMPLE TM ) The Project would involve the development of intelligent voltage/current sensors with: Enhanced characteristics (accuracy, bandwidth and harmonic range). High measurement granularity for medium voltage distribution system monitoring, protection and controls. Enhancements to be performed on existing sensors that are currently being used for: Advanced SCADA Devices (ASD). Power Quality Measurement (PQM) units. Will involve the development of performance requirements and functional specifications based on gaps from an earlier project executed by Quanta Technologies for San Diego Gas and Electric (SDG&E).
Supporting DER Integration at ComEd 9 Potential challenges to the grid: Intermittency and limited controllability Protection and Distribution Automation schemes to be revised Limited hosting capacity Impact to other applications like Voltage Optimization Potential benefits to the grid: Reduction of network loading Voltage regulation Reduced losses Increased diversity in energy sources ComEd has been developing several techniques to ensure DER can be efficiently integrated into the grid Efforts such as the Energy Storage Roadmap and Hosting Capacity Tool are two initiatives ComEd is working on to ensure proper operation and interconnection of DER into the distribution system
Energy Storage Roadmap 10 Updated Industry Data ANL BatPAc Model Modified for Forward Yrs and Stochastics Battery Forward Costs for Roadmap Energy Storage Roadmap relies on complex evaluation process: Application Selection PJM Energy & Ancillaries Prices Application Battery Control Algorithm Development Battery Selection & Controls Peak Shaving Time Arbitrage Valuation PV Allocation Method for CYME models and High PV Penetration CYME Feeder Simulations w Batteries Battery Power and Energy Profiles Determination of Peak Days Calculate 3 & 5 year battery sizes; extrapolate to 6-10 years Selection of Representative Feeders Feeder Load Profiles Weather Adjustment & Peak Day Selection Load Growth/yr Forecast Estimate T&D Upgrade Timing and Costs Requires interaction of different engineers with specific skill sets. Involving several different tools: - Oracle Crystal Ball - Python - CYME - Excel - VBA - MATLAB Peak Load, Ratings, Load Growth for All Feeders Optimization of Battery against PJM Prices Characterize Simulated Feeders in Weighted Buckets Assess Feeder Population Capacity Deferral w Wholesale BCA Extrapolate BCA to Feeder Population Capacity Deferral BCA Final Capacity Deferral Roadmap Improved efficiency of analysis by creating a black box, easily utilized through a GUI Energy Storage Evaluation Tool User friendly software tool Accessible to any engineer through a simplified user experience. GUI (User Interface) will collect inputs for the study.
Energy Storage-based Grid Services 11 Peak Shaving Feeder Load at Substation and Battery State of Charge Renewables Integration Circuit Voltage before/after smoothing kw 10000 Voltage (pu) Vpu_B3_Before Vpu_B3_After 8000 6000 4000 2000 0-2000 -4000 Load kw w/o BESS kw w/ BESS kvar w/o BESS kvar w/ BESS Time 1.055 1.05 1.045 1.04 1.035 1.03 1.025 1.02 Time
Probabilistic Hosting Capacity 12 1. Modelling Algorithm Start: Feeder Scenario 2. Simulation output and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) Histogram of simulated DER penetration and KDE Number of scenarios to run Start: Feeder Study Feeder Scenario Initialise feeder model Run base-case load flow Step Size for DG N Number of scenarios complete? Return hosting capacity distribution Y Randomly add distributed generation to network Run updated load flow Constraint criteria 3. Calculation of Hosting Capacity (HC) KDE PDF and CDF with HC value Estimate PDF and CDF using KDE N Feeder constrained? Y End: Feeder Study Return feeder scenario hosting capacity End: Feeder Scenario HC kw p
Smart Inverters 13 Advanced Inverter technology is important to support managing the electric grid with the growth of distributed energy resources. FEJA provides the definition of smart inverters and Distributed Generation Rebate Program. Harmonize the functional requirements and technical specifications for smart inverters ComEd is committee member of IEEE 1547 Standard Advancing and testing smart inverter technologies, o SHINES and Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) Testing Lab DC Power AC Power
Grid of the Future Lab 14 Power Hardware in the Loop for Testing and Demonstration of Power Systems A Power Hardware in loop testing and real-time simulation lab will involve running computer-based power systems simulations with hardware-in-loop devices such as protective relays, PMU, DER, controllers, etc. in a real-time environment. The groups that can benefit from this lab include but are not limited to: Distribution Planning & Smart Grid Relay and Protection Transmission and Distribution Design and Engineering Distributed Automation Real Time Analysis
Conclusions 15 DER allows for grid resiliency & reliability against extreme events The traditional Utility business model needs to evolve to include new programs, and services ComEd is working to ensure proper planning, operation and interconnection of DER into the distribution system with several ongoing initiatives MISST SIMPLE Energy Storage Roadmap Hosting Capacity Tool Smart Inverters And more