LPPM/Pt & Pd Certified Reference Materials(CRM) Project updated Hiroshi Sawai International Standardization Office TKG Laboratory Center Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. TANAKA KIKINZOKU KOGYO K.K. 1/21 Global Network/Tanaka With subsidiaries and factories all over the world, We have a wide-spread global presence. Chicago San Jose New Jersey London Liberec Frankfurt Seoul Shanghai/Suzhou Tokyo Hangzhou Hong Kong/Shenzhen Taipei/Kaohsiung Bangkok Penang Manila Singapore Branch, sales office, or overseas affiliated company Plant Headquarters 2/21 Session 5 - Sawai 1
Proof of Trust and Reliability London Bullion Market Association London Platinum & Palladium Market ISO/IEC 17025 TANAKA was appointed as Good Delivery Referee for gold and silver by the LBMA in 2003, and the Referee for platinum and palladium by the LPPM in 2009. There are respectively only five Good Delivery Referees in the world, and TANAKA is the only one in Asia. TANAKA is the first Japanese company to be ISO/IEC 17025 certified. It was certified for its technology for the analysis of gold in 2010 and of platinum/palladium in 2011. On 12 Nov. 2012, TANAKA was upgraded to Ordinary Member as a result of esteem by LBMA concerning our achievement as a referee. 3/21 Agenda 1. History of LPPM 2. Refiners on GD List /LPPM 3. Specifications/Good Delivery 4. Proactive Monitoring (PAM) 5. Problems on the deducing method 6. Project Background 7. Importance of CRMs 8. Shape of CRMs 9. Proposed Pt CRM Composition 10. Proposed Pd CRM Composition 11. Project information in general 12. Conclusions 4/21 Session 5 - Sawai 2
1.Brief History of LPPM In 1973 The London Platinum Quotation was introduced. It was the forerunner of the fixings; a twice-daily indication of the market price for spot platinum, reported by some of the principal companies dealing in the metal. In 1979 The leading London and Zurich dealers reached an agreement to standardise the specifications and provenance of metal which they would accept as good delivery. In 1987 The informal trading which had taken place for many years on a principal to principal basis was formalised via a Deed of Establishment into the London Platinum and Palladium Market. In 1989 The London Platinum and Palladium Quotations were expanded and upgraded to full Fixings. 5/21 2.Refiners on GDList/LPPM While LBMA having Gold : 63 & Silver : 73 Pt 27 Refiners Africa 4 15% America 4 15% Russia 2 7% Europe 7 26% Asia 10 37% Pd 27 Refiners Africa 2 7% Russia 3 11% America 4 15% Europe 7 26% Asia 11 41% 6/21 Session 5 - Sawai 3
3.Specifications /Good delivery The specifications of Good Delivery of LPPM are as follows; For Platinum,For Palladium Form Plate or Ingot Weight Maximum weight permitted: 6 kilograms (192.904 troy ounces) Minimum weight permitted : 1 kilogram (32.151 troy ounces) Purity At least 99.95% 7/21 4.Proactive Monitoring (PAM) 1/2 In 2008 Introduction of GD Referee system following LBMA 5 Referees Accredited Johnson Matthey plc, Metalor SA, PAMP SA, Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K., Valcambi SA Comparison of Referees Assay by using common Reference Samples From 1/1/2009 Introduction of Proactive Monitoring 8/21 Session 5 - Sawai 4
4.Proactive Monitoring(PAM) 2/2 Sample: Taken from a normal production run Proactive monitoring: Cross-check by two different LPPM referees. Pt & Pd s purity are calculated by deducting the sum of the impurities from 100 % 9/21 5.Problem on the deducing method-1/4 1What elements are selected? The purity is estimated higher if the elements included are not measured. 10/21 Session 5 - Sawai 5
5.Problem on the deducing method-2/4 2Is sensitivity on each element good enough? The purity is estimated higher if the sensitivity is not good enough. 11/21 5.Problem on the deducing method-3/4 3Is the calibration curve appropriate? Refiner makes a calibration curve by using inhouse reference materials. If there were some error(s) in reference materials itself, the result would be apart from right value. 12/21 Session 5 - Sawai 6
5.Problem on the deducing method-4/4 4Is assay procedure appropriate? Refiner assays the samples by own method. If there are some problems in the procedure (for example; contamination, precipitate), a refiner can not get right result because a refiner does not have reliable materials. The LPPM s referees realise these situations which may come across fatal mistakes or errors or flaws in assaying. 13/21 6. Project Background From 2007, LBMA had been produced of Au and Ag Certified Reference Materials(CRM) These first CRM were useful to validate their existing methods Metalor, PAMP and Tanaka who are LBMA Referees, had been strongly proposing and advising the importance of CRM of Pt and Pd to the management of LPPM and other LPPM Referees. In 2012, LPPM Management Committee agreed in principle to investigate the viability of producing Pt and Pd CRM. 14/21 Session 5 - Sawai 7
7.Importance of CRMs. 1. CRMs can be used by the laboratories of refiners and spectrometry instrument manufacturers to validate their existing methods and test materials (used for spectrometer calibration). 2. Each laboratory can use CRMs to validate or assess the assay result of Pt and Pd. 3. By having a set of internationally CRMs, each laboratory will have the ability to compare, and if required, certify their in-house reference materials against CRMs, which will provide the most accurate reference concentration values available. 4. LPPM believes that the use of CRMs by refiners would be beneficial in the current ISO 17025 environment as well. 15/21 8.Shape of RMs For Pt For Pd 4mm 6mm 25mm Ø 25mm Ø Usage for SPARK-OES spectroscopy & Wet ICP-OES These will be available for purchase by any laboratories which have registered an interest in obtaining them. 16/21 Session 5 - Sawai 8
9.Proposed Pt CRMs Composition unit (ppm) Elements Pt RM1 Pt RM2 Elements Pt RM1 Pd RM2 Au 50 15 Pb 50 10 Ag 50 10 Rh 100 10 Pd 100 10 Ru 50 10 As 15 20 Sb 20 15 Bi 10 20 Si 10 50 Co 20 10 Sn 10 50 Cr 20 10 Ti 20 10 Cu 100 10 Tl 50 10 Fe 100 10 W 20 10 Ir 50 200 Zn 10 50 Ni 50 10 Zr 50 10 17/21 10.Proposed Pd CRMs Composition unit (ppm) Elements Pd RM1 Pd RM2 Elements Pd RM1 Pd RM2 Ag 10 100 Mn 20 10 Al 20 10 Ni 50 10 Au 100 20 P - 20 B 10 - Pb 10 20 Ca - 20 Pt 50 250 Co 10 20 Rh 50 10 Cr 20 10 Ru 10 50 Cu 10 50 Sb 10 50 Fe 50 10 Si 20 100 Ga - 20 Sn 10 50 Ir 10 50 Zn 10 20 Mg 20 10 Zr - 20 18/21 Session 5 - Sawai 9
11.Project information in general 1. Steering Committee members LPPM + 5 Good Delivery(GD) Referees 2. Manufactured by (Both Pt and Pd) Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. 3. Assayed by 5 GD Referees + some more participants. Participants can apply for assay job voluntarily. 4.Adviser on Statistics Dr.Mike Hinds (Royal Canadian Mint) 5. Inquires in general LPPM or 5 GD Referees 19/21 12.Conclusions 1. LPPM CRM will be the first ever available international materials of Pt and Pd. 2. By having these materials at your plants or assay offices, you will get more confidence on your results by getting a validation of accuracy on your assay method and results. 3. These materials and its procedure will help the PGM market, regulated by LPPM, retain its dignity and reliability. 4. Please join us to change the market toward the right direction and enjoy your business opportunities. If you are interested in, please contact to LPPM. 20/21 Session 5 - Sawai 10
Thank you for your attention. Please send any inquiries to h-sawai@ml.tanaka.co.jp 21/21 Session 5 - Sawai 11