Year 2012 On Deutsche WindGuard GmbH - Oldenburger Straße 65-26316 Varel 0049-4451/95150 - info@windguard.de - www.windguard.de
DEVELOPMENT AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2012 In the course of calendar year 2012, 998 wind turbine generators with a total capacity of 2,415.16 MW were installed in Germany. As of 31 December 2012, there were a total of 23,030 operational wind turbine generators. The total installed capacity was 31,307.60 MW. Table 1 shows an overview of the status of the wind energy development as of 31 December 2012. Table 1 Status of Wind Energy Development as of 31 December 2012 Status of wind energy development Capacity (MW) No. of turbines New installations 2012 Total capacity, Dec. 31, 2012 New installations 2012 2.415,16 998 share of repowering (non-binding) 431,63 161 share of offshore wind energy (first feed-in) 80,00 16 dismantling (non-binding) 178,56 252 Installed total capacity - December 31, 2012 31.307,60 23.030 share of repowering (non-binding) 1.442,51 626 share of offshore wind energy 280,30 68 accountzed for dismantling (non-binding) 626,77 998 Additions to land-based wind energy comprise of new and repowering projects, along with offshore wind projects. Individual components of these additions are described in more detail in their respective sections. It should be noted that the values for repowering and dismantling of wind turbine generators are nonbinding, since a central turbine registry that would correctly report such values does not exist. The provided trend values were determined within the framework of a statistical data collection. This subject matter is examined more closely in the section titled Repowering. Figure 1 shows the development of the annual newly installed capacity, differentiated between new projects and repowering projects onshore as well as offshore wind energy projects. Also shown is the annual dismantled capacity. 1
Annual installed Capacity (MW) 4.000 3.600 3.200 2.800 2.400 2.000 1.600 1.200 800 Decommissioning (MW) Offshore-Wind Energy - Installed Capacity (MW) Repowering - Installed Capacity (MW) Onshore - only new Installations (MW) 400 0-400 Data 1992-2011: DEWI Figure 1 Development of the Annual Installed Caapcity from Wind Energy in Germany (in MW), Status 31 December 2012 Figure 2 shows the cumulative development of new construction with regard to the total installed capacity from wind energy in Germany on 31 December 2012. The diagram differentiates between new projects onshore, repowering onshore and offshore wind energy projects. 40.000 35.000 30.000 Cumulative Offshore Wind Energy Capacity (MW) Cumulative Repowering Capacity (MW) Onshore - only new Installations, Cumulative Capacity (MW) 31.307,6 MW Cumulative Capacity (MW) 25.000 20.000 15.000 10.000 5.000 0 Data 1992-2011: DEWI Figure 2 Development of New Wind Energy Construction in Germany Cumulative Capacity Turbine Inventory (in MW), Status 31 December 2012 2
STATUS OF OFFSHORE-WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT Within 2012, 16 offshore wind turbine generators with a combined capacity of 80 MW fed into the grid for the first time. At the end of 2012, a total capacity of 280.3 MW from offshore wind turbines was connected to the grid. 109 foundation structures were installed out at sea. Table 2 provides an overview of new construction in the area of offshore wind energy. Table 2 Newly Constructed Offshore Wind Energy in Germany Status of offshore wind energy development Capacity (MW) No. of turbines New Installations 2012 (Turbines first feeding-in) Total Installed Capacity, Dec. 31, 2012 (Turbines feeding-in) 80,00 16 280,30 68 Substructures 109 Capacity (MW) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Cumulative Offshore Wind Energy Capacity (MW) Offshore-Wind Energy - Installed Capacity (MW) Figure 3 Development of Offshore Wind Energy in Germany (Capacity from Initially Feeding-In Turbines per Year and Cumulative Capacity in MW), Status 31 December 2012 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Cumulative Capacity (MW) Figure 3 illustrates the development of offshore wind energy in the North and Baltic Sea (point of first feed-in). In the second half of 2012, construction on four additional offshore wind energy projects commenced. Now six German offshore wind energy projects are under construction, which totals over 350 turbines with a total capacity of about 1,800 MW. All projects are located in the North Sea. The following map (Figure 4) gives an overview of all offshore wind projects currently under construction. The map illustrates the large potential in view of the installations expected in 2013. The projects are being completed in stages, parts of them in 2013. Global Tech I since 2 nd half 2012, 400 MW Bard Offshore I since 2010, 400 MW Borkum West II Phase 1, since 2011, 200 MW Borkum Riffgat, since 2 nd half 2012, 108 MW MeerwindSüd / Ost since 2 nd half 2012, 288 MW Nordsee Ost since 2 nd half 2012, 295 MW Map Resource: Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH) Figure 4 Offshore Wind Farms Under Construction, 31 December 2012 3
TENDENCIES IN REPOWERING AND DISMANTLING OF WIND TURBINE GENERATORS No binding values exist for the development of repowering in Germany. This is due to the absence of a central turbine registry that would allow for these projects to be accounted for separately. Because of this reason, only tendencies can be identified in the area of repowering and dismantling. In the framework of the statistical data collection, construction of 161 repowering turbines with a total capacity of around 432 MW could be identified for 2012. At the same time, the dismantling of 252 wind turbine generators with a total capacity of 179 MW was identified. The available data shows that during 2012, repowering occurred mainly in Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony, because the majority of turbines that had come into their repowering age were located here. But, repowering was also realized in federal states located in the central and the south regions of Germany. The data basis for the numbers cited here is information provided by manufacturers and larger planning bureaus, as well as own research primarily of press releases. This approach allowed several paths of information gathering to be taken. Still, it must be assumed that not all realized repowering projects in 2012 were identified this way. Considering these circumstances, a larger number of turbines were dismantled than previously determined. The following circumstances complicate the identification of repowering projects: Change of manufacturer between the old and the new project, resulting in the manufacturer of the turbines for new project having no knowledge about the details of the old project. Old turbines may be located in counties adjacent to the new project, by which a repowering is not readily apparent and also often unbeknownst to the permitting agencies. Based on the current regulations of the Renewable Energy Law 2012 (EEG 2012), in many cases one old turbine is replaced by one new turbine. This means that old turbines are being partially brokered to adjacent projects, if the number of dismantled turbines is larger than the number of new ones. Hence, two or more repowering projects can come out of one old project. Many of the repowering activities currently in progress are being realized by local operators and so-called citizen s wind farms (Bürgerwindparks) and thus are unknown on a national level. Lack of a central turbine registry, including capturing repowering information. To analyze the situation around the area of repowering and with that the dismantling of old turbines more comprehensively, further research is planned. 4
AVERAGE TURBINE CONFIGURATION Turbines newly installed in 2012 had an average capacity of about 2,420 kw. The average capacity per wind turbine generator in the total inventory on 31 December 2012 was about 1,359 kw. Table 3 Average Turbine Configuration 2012 Average turbine configuration 2012 Average capacity of wind turbines 2.420 kw Average rotor diameter 88,4 m Average hub height 109,8 m Figure 5 graphically shows the development of average turbine capacity in relation to annual new construction, as well as the inventory. 3.000 2.700 2.400 2.100 Average capacity of wind turbines - Germany-wide inventory Average capacity of annual installed wind turbines 2.420 Capacity (kw) 1.800 1.500 1.200 1.359 900 600 300 0 Data 1992-2011: DEWI Figure 5 Development of the Average Capacity (in kw) of the Annual New Construction, as well as the Countrywide Turbine Inventory, Status 31 December 2012 Wind energy generators installed during 2012 had an average rotor diameter of 88.4 meters and an average hub height of 109.8 meters. Comparing the individual federal states, a significant variation in turbine configuration for 2012 was found, which is particularly applicable to hub height. This variation is examined in more detail in the following sections. 5
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT During 2012, the northern federal states had the largest number of new constructions. Lower Saxony with 14.7 % and Schleswig-Holstein with 13.1 % occupy first and second place, followed by Mecklenburg-West Pomerania with 12.7 %. Together, the northern federal states make up more than 40 % of the newly installed capacity. Rhineland-Palatinate, a federal state in the south of Germany, comes in at fourth place in relation to the total installed capacity, 12.1 % of the all new construction happened there. The state is followed by Brandenburg in fifth place with 10.3 %. The detailed analysis according to all federal states is shown in Table 4. Next to the new construction data for 2012, the average turbine configuration installed in the individual federal states for the timeframe in question is also shown. Table 4 Wind Energy New Construction in Calendar Year 2012 in the German Federal States Rank State / Region Installed capacity (MW) Installed capacity 2012 No. of wind turbines (WT) Share of 2012 installations Average turbine configuration 2012 Average capacity of turbines (kw) Average Rotor diameter (m) Average Hub height (m) 1 Lower Saxony 356,13 152 14,7% 2.343 84,7 105,8 2 Schleswig-Holstein 315,85 128 13,1% 2.468 83,6 81,0 3 Mecklenburg-Western Pomera 307,92 124 12,7% 2.483 90,7 108,2 4 Rhineland-Palatinate 292,05 102 12,1% 2.863 95,8 128,9 5 Brandenburg 248,06 110 10,3% 2.255 88,0 113,4 6 Bavaria 188,00 76 7,8% 2.474 93,9 133,5 7 Saxony-Anhalt 178,25 83 7,4% 2.148 86,5 110,2 8 North Rhine-Westphalia 137,55 67 5,7% 2.053 80,1 101,8 9 Hesse 122,40 53 5,1% 2.309 86,8 127,5 10 Thuringia 102,30 47 4,2% 2.177 91,9 114,8 11 Saarland 31,60 15 1,3% 2.107 89,7 102,7 12 Saxony 27,05 13 1,1% 2.081 82,2 97,9 13 Baden-Wuerttemberg 18,90 9 0,8% 2.100 82,9 129,9 14 Bremen 9,10 3 0,4% 3.033 100,0 118,0 15 Hamburg 0,00 0 0,0% - - - 15 Berlin 0,00 0 0,0% - - - North Sea 80,00 16 3,3% 5.000 120,0 90,0 Baltic Sea 0,00 0 0,0% - - - Total 2.415,16 998 100% 2.420 88,4 109,8 Table 5 shows the cumulative installed capacity for each of the federal states. The states are subdivided into the North, Central, South and Sea regions. This allows for the formulation of statements about the regional distribution of the existing total turbine inventory in the Federal Republic of Germany. 6
Attention must be paid to the fact that, because of variations compared to the statistical data basis of previous years, the cumulative total capacity and number of turbines in the individual federal states was determined based on the states percentage share of the total installed capacity Germany-wide. Figure 6 graphically illustrates the distribution of the installed total capacity across the North, Central, South and Sea regions with respect to development over time. Especially during the 90's, a clear shift of new construction from region "North" to region "Central" can be observed. Since about 2006, the northern share in the Germany-wide installed total capacity has remained relatively constant at 42-44 %. Table 5 Cumulative Installed Capacity and No. of Turbines in the Federal States Sea South Central North State / Region Total capacity, Dec. 31, 2012 (MW) Total no. of turbines, Dec. 31, 2012 (WT) Lower Saxony 7.333,47 5.477 Schleswig-Holstein 3.571,42 2.920 Mecklenburg-Western Pome 1.950,33 1.507 Bremen 149,01 77 Hamburg 52,75 58 Brandenburg 4.814,38 3.135 Saxony-Anhalt 3.810,64 2.412 North Rhine-Westphalia 3.182,72 2.901 Saxony 1.002,54 844 Thuringia 899,59 641 Hesse 802,24 705 Berlin 2,00 1 Rhineland-Palatinate 1.927,60 1.245 Bavaria 868,89 554 Baden-Wuerttemberg 501,56 382 Saarland 158,15 103 North Sea 229,50 46 Baltic Sea 50,80 22 Total 31.307,60 23.030 Share of installed total capacity (%) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Daten 1992-2011: DEWI Figure 6 1% 11% 46% 42% Sea South Central North Distribution of the Countrywide Installed Total Capacity Across the Regions, Status 31 December 2012 The south of Germany has continuously gained shares and in 2012 owned more than 11 % of the Germany-wide installed total capacity. Offshore wind energy shares in the installed total capacity were about 1% in 2012. The following section examines in more detail the aspect of the average hub height of all wind turbine generators installed Germany-wide in 2012. 7
AVERAGE HUB HEIGHT ACROSS THE FEDERAL STATES Figure 7 shows the average hub height of wind turbine generators installed Germany-wide, differentiated by individual federal states. Only those states that actually had turbines installed during 2012 are listed. ø Hub Height (m) Bavaria Baden-Wuerttemberg Rhineland-Palatinate Hesse Bremen Thuringia Brandenburg Saxony-Anhalt Mecklenburg-Western Lower Saxony Saarland North Rhine-Westphalia Saxony Schleswig-Holstein 81,0 133,5 129,9 128,9 127,5 118,0 114,8 113,4 110,2 108,2 105,8 102,7 101,8 97,9 0,0 20,0 40,0 60,0 80,0 100,0 120,0 140,0 160,0 Figure 7 Average Hub Height of Wind Turbine Generators installed in 2012 across the Federal States of Germany When comparing federal states, the value for Schleswig-Holstein is particularly conspicuous: The average hub height of turbines installed in this state during 2012 is 81.0 m. This number significantly influences the Germany-wide average value: When leaving Schleswig-Holstein out of the calculation, the average hub height of all wind turbine generators installed in Germany in 2012 equates to 114.8 meters. The average hub height of wind turbines installed in Schleswig-Holstein is thus about 34 meters less than the Germany-wide average without Schleswig-Holstein. It is apparent that the largest average hub heights are being installed in the southern federal states, namely Bavaria, Baden-Wuerttemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate. These locations have comparatively low wind speeds, so turbine technology with large hub heights and large rotor diameters are being employed to optimize energy yields. Data Collection and Preparation: Deutsche WindGuard GmbH Anna-Kathrin Wallasch, Martha Ekkert, Dr. Knud Rehfeldt www.windguard.com 8