Implementing Recycled Water at SFIA with a Long-Term Goal of 100% Reuse CA-NV AWWA Conference October, 2014 Todd Reynolds, P.E. Dawn Taffler, P.E., LEED AP
San Francisco International Airport (SFO)
SFO is like a Small City Water Supply comes from SFPUC and Hetch-Hetchy Wastewater Systems 1.7 mgd Industrial WWTP 2.2 mgd Domestic WWTP
SFO s Active Water Conservation
Existing Small Recycled Water System at WWTP
Recycled Water Program Objectives Short-Term Goals (2014-2015): Develop RWMP; design and construct new recycled water plant and facilities; plan for delivery to the terminal and other potential users. Mid-Term Goals (2016-2018): Supply recycled water to the terminal. Implement customer retrofits, design and construct additional recycled water facilities. Long-Term Goal (2018 and beyond): Achieve 100% reuse of generated wastewater.
Market Assessment
Potential Recycled Water Customers Additional Landscape Irrigation around the entire property
Potential Recycled Water Customers Commercial Rental Car Wash
Potential Recycled Water Customers Terminal Cooling Towers
Potential Recycled Water Customers SFO Terminal 2 is the First U.S. Airport to Achieve LEED Gold Certification
Peak Day Demand (MGD) Estimated SFO Recycled Water Demand 1.00 Estimated Peak Day Demands by Phase 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.64 0.64 Phase 4 Phase 3 Phase 2 Phase 1 0.20 0.10 0.00 0.20 0.23 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 Irrigation Non Irrigation Total
SFIA Tertiary Treatment Plant - Overall Objectives Reliable production to meet Title 22 initial 1 mgd and expansion to 2 mgd Flexible to treat IWP or SWTP effluent Simple operations and automated controls Future addition of RO for TDS reduction Coagulation MF/UF UV Inactivation
Pre-Bidding of the MF System based on robust, experienced membrane systems Single Fiber Polymeric Pall, Toray, Koch Multi-bore Polymeric Fiber BASF-inge Ceramic MF element - Metawater
Toray UF system was selected and is conducting a 3-month proving pilot test Source Water Parameter Turbidity Total Dissolved Solids Total Organic Carbon Color Average Value ~10 NTU ~990 mg/l ~20 mg/l ~50 CU
UF system works well for solids but TTP may need future treatment for TDS, Color and Organics Secondary Effluent Media Filter Filtrate UF Filtrate Potable Water
Different uses of recycled water require different levels of treatment Irrigation Irrigation/Industrial/Dual Plumbing IPR Secondary Effluent
Potential Water Quality Requirements Issues for SFIA RW Program Future Customers Potential Customer / Water Use Landscape irrigation (ornamental landscape and redwood trees) Dual-plumbed facilities (i.e., toilet flushing, laundry) Cooling towers (SFIA mechanical staff) Car wash (at Rental Car Center) Potable reuse (Groundwater Replenishment) Water Quality Parameter of Concern TDS, chloride, sodium color, odor ammonia, TDS, hardness hardness TDS, TOC,
Potential Additional Treatment Required Water Quality Parameter Salinity Potential Use Concern Landscape irrigation Cooling towers Treatment Technology Reverse Osmosis (RO) EDR Color and Odor Dual-plumbed facilities hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) Reverse Osmosis (RO) Ammonia Cooling towers Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Potential for Groundwater Replenishment near SFO Urban Water Use WW Treatment Water Treatment RO + UV Graphic Credit: David Smith Groundwater
The New Frontier
Capitla Cost ($mil) RW Delivered [AFY] Capital Costs $35 $30 Capital Costs [$mil] RW Delivered at Buildout [AFY] 1,200 1,000 $25 800 $20 600 $15 $10 400 $5 200 $0 Baseline Add-Alt A.1 Add-Alt A.2 Add-Alt B Add-Alt C Add-Alt D Add-Alt E.1 Add-Alt E.2 Add-Alt E.3 Add-Alt F.1 Add-Alt F.2 Add-Alt G 0 On Airport Build-out + RO + Off-Airport Irrigation Customers + GGNC + MF (No RO) + GGNC + MF + RO + IPR + MF/RO/AOP + Injection Wells + DPR + MF+ RO/AOP
Unit Life Cycle Costs Unit cost to irrigate small off-airport customers is high IPR is more costly than Non-Potable Reuse Unit cost of serving GGNC is low b/c minimal additional conveyance/distribution But DPR is less Centralized RO at MLTP On Airport Build-out + RO + Off-Airport Irrigation Customers + GGNC + MF (No RO) + GGNC + MF + RO + IPR + MF/RO/AOP + Injection Wells + DPR + MF+ RO/AOP
Questions Todd Reynolds, P.E., ToddReynolds@KennedyJenks.com Dawn Taffler, P.E., LEED DawnTaffler@KennedyJenks.com
Potential Recycled Water Users Landscape irrigation Toilet and urinal flushing Cooling (commercial and industrial) Boiler feed Industrial process water Commercial car wash Commercial laundry Washdown Street cleaning Firefighting Concrete mixing Decorative fountains Dust control Consolidation of backfill for pipeline construction Soil compaction Environmental use
Alternatives Analysis 1 2 3 4 5 Alternatives On Airport Buildout No Advanced Treatment On Airport Buildout With Advanced Treatment On Airport Buildout + Off Airport Irrigation + GGNC 4 With Advanced Treatment On Airport Buildout + Off Airport Irrigation + GGNC 4 + IPR With Advanced Treatment On Airport Buildout + DPR With Advanced Treatment 1.A 1.B 2.A 2.B 3.A 3.B 4.A 4.B 5
Annualized Unit Cost ($/AFY) RW Delivered [AFY] Conceptual Level Life Cycle Cost Summary for RW Facilities $3,500 $3,000 $2,500 $2,000 $1,500 $1,000 $500 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 $0 Scenario 1.A Scenario 1.B Scenario 2.A Scenario 2.B Scenario 3.A Scenario 3.B Scenario 4.A Scenario Scenario 4.B 5 0
System Components and Configurations System Component Storage Pumping Distribution Pipelines Advanced Treatment Configurations Assessed Centralized: all storage located at MLTP Decentralized: storage split between MLTP and existing diesel tanks near Lot CC Centralized: all pumping located at MLTP Decentralized: pumping co-located with storage sites Sized to deliver recycled water to meet SFIA demands Sized to deliver recycled water to meet zero discharge goal Evaluate specific pipeline costs & benefits by phase Centralized advanced treatment Site-Specific advanced treatment/polishing
Direct Potable Reuse Home WW Treatment Water Treatment Nature RO + UV Graphic Credit: David Smith