Upstream HVAC Evaluation DRAFT Research Plan WO# ED_D_HVAC_1 California Public Utilities Commission, Energy Division Contract # 12PS5095 Prepared by KEMA, Inc. 6/24/2015
LEGAL NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the California Public Utilities Commission. It does not necessarily represent the views of the Commission or any of its employees except to the extent, if any, that it has formally been approved by the Commission at a public meeting. For information regarding any such action, communicate directly with the Commission at 505 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco, California 94102. Neither the Commission nor the State of California, nor any officer, employee, or any of its contractors or subcontractors makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability whatsoever for the contents of this document.
Table of Contents 1 Reference to the Evaluation, Measurement and Verification (EM&V) Plan & Roadmap... 1-1 2 Project Scope...2-1 2.1 Overview...2-1 2.2 Upstream Impacts... 2-4 3 Upstream Program Activity/Measure Descriptions... 3-1 3.1 Program and Measure Activity... 3-2 4 Evaluation Activities...4-1 4.1 Overview...4-1 4.2 Mini-Split and VRF System Literature Review...4-1 4.3 Mini-split/VRF Market Survey... 4-3 4.4 Metering Pilot... 4-4 4.5 Sampling Approach... 4-4 4.6 Measurement and Verification (including Training)... 4-8 4.7 Data Analysis... 4-11 4.8 NTG & Market Assessment... 4-13 4.9 Reporting... 4-17 5 Project Guidance and Protocols... 5-19 5.1 Safety... 5-19 5.2 Quality Control (QC) and Review... 5-19 6 Reporting Deliverables... 6-21 6.1 Timeline... 6-21 6.2 Progress and Status Updates... 6-22 6.3 Report... 6-22 7 Work Order Task Descriptions and Budgets... 7-1 7.1 Task 1: HVAC PCG Reporting, Project Administration and QC ($125,000)... 7-1 7.2 Task 2: Develop Upstream HVAC Research Plan ($180,000)... 7-1 7.3 Task 3: Mini-Split Evaluability Assessment Literature Review ($45,000)... 7-1 7.4 Task 4: Mini-Split Evaluability Assessment Surveys to Determine Replacement Baseline/ 2013 ESPI Mini Split Measure ($100,000)... 7-2 7.5 Task 5: Metering Pilot ($300,000)... 7-2 7.6 Task 6 Measurement and Verification ($650,000)... 7-2 7.7 Task 7: Analysis ($100,000)... 7-2 7.8 Task 8: NTG/Market Assessment ($200,000)... 7-3 7.9 Task 9: Reporting ($150,000)... 7-3 7.10 Task 10: 2014 ESPI Contingency ($100,000)... 7-3 7.11 Budget... 7-4 8 Glossary... 8-4 9 Appendices... 9-1 9.1 Upstream 2013 14 Population by Measure Name... 9-1 9.2 Data Collection Forms... 9-10 1-1 June 24, 2015
9.3 Mini- and Multi-Split VRF System Market Survey... 9-14 9.4 Metering Pilot Details... 9-29 9.5 Onsite Protocols... 9-38 9.6 Details on IEER-based measures and VRF Measures... 9-45 9.7 Measure Codes and Names... 9-50 List of Tables Table 1: Evaluation Objective to Activity Mapping... 2-2 Table 2: 2013 14 Upstream Program Savings by IOU... 3-3 Table 3: SDG&E Commercial Upstream Program Activity by Measure Category... 3-3 Table 4: SCE Commercial Upstream Program Activity by Measure Category... 3-4 Table 5: PGE Non-Residential HVAC Upstream Activity by Measure Category Q1-Q8... 3-5 Table 6: Counts of Sites, Total kwh Savings and Percentage of Total by IOU... 4-5 Table 7: Count of Sites, Total kwh and Percentage of Total by Measure Groups... 4-6 Table 8: Chillers Sample Sizes by IOU... 4-6 Table 9: Package/Split System Verification Sample Sizes by IOU... 4-7 Table 10: Package/Split System UES Sample Sizes by IOU for 20-ton Units... 4-8 Table 11: Budget... 7-4 Table 12: SDG&E Commercial Deemed Program Upstream Activity by Measure Name... 9-1 Table 13: SCE Commercial Upstream Program Activity by Measure Name... 9-2 Table 14: PG&E Non-Residential HVAC Upstream Activity by Measure Name... 9-6 Table 15: Site Information... 9-10 Table 16: HVAC Unit Information... 9-11 Table 17: Export of IOU Mini-Split and VRF System Measures in Tracking Database... 9-15 Table 18: 2014 Mini-split Survey Work plan Schedule... 9-16 Table 19: Campbell Metering Setup for the Rooftop Unit Monitoring... 9-31 Table 20: Campbell Metering Setup for Wireless Data Transfer... 9-32 Table 21: Onset Metering Setup for the Rooftop Unit Monitoring... 9-33 Table 22: Onset Metering Setup for the Ambient Temperature... 9-34 Table 23: Planned Metering Sites... 9-34 Table 24: Comparison of the Metering Costs for Different Metering Installation Scenarios... 9-35 Table 25: Different Phases of the Pilot Metering Project... 9-36 Table 26: Measure Codes and Descriptions... 9-51 List of Figures Figure 1: Calendar Year 2014 Timeline 6-21 Figure 2: Calendar Year 2015 16 Timeline 6-21 1-2 June 24, 2015
Figure 3: Pilot Metering Project 9-37 1-3 June 24, 2015
1 Reference to the Evaluation, Measurement and Verification (EM&V) Plan & Roadmap This document presents the research plan for the impact evaluation of upstream HVAC distributor rebate energy efficiency programs conducted by the California investor owned utilities (IOUs) during the 2013 14 program cycle. This evaluation is part of the overall California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) 2013 14 heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) Research Roadmap (Roadmap), which is part of the 2013 14 Energy Efficiency EM&V Plan. 1 In addition to this upstream impact evaluation, the Roadmap also calls for impact evaluations of quality maintenance and quality installation programs, a market assessment study to identify California industry standard practice in obtaining permits and achieving Title 24 compliance for HVAC equipment installations and continued ongoing laboratory testing of packaged commercial HVAC units that has spanned multiple program cycles. Data collection and analysis of these efforts will be coordinated with this upstream impact evaluation to leverage synergies between related research. More information on the Roadmap and its associated activities can be found in the 2013 14 Energy Efficiency EM&V Plan. For the 2013 14 program cycle, each IOU administered upstream HVAC programs through their core HVAC program. These programs have been operating for the previous two program cycles in 2006 09 and 2010 12. It is our understanding the program only served the nonresidential sector in 2013. In 2014, there were plans to implement upstream measures for residential applications; however, there were few claims by the end of 2014. In addition to upstream measures, the core programs all administer other HVAC measures such as maintenance, control enhancements and retrofit measures. 1 CPUC. 2013-2014 Energy Efficiency EM&V Plan, http://www.energydataweb.com/cpuc/ 1-1 June 24, 2015
2 Project Scope 2.1 Overview The upstream HVAC programs provide rebates to HVAC equipment distributors for selling high efficiency heating and cooling equipment. The available rebate amounts are based on equipment performance tiers. Tiers vary based on equipment type, capacity and efficiency. The underlying program theory is that the rebates encourage distributors to stock and sell higher efficiency equipment more than they would in the absence of the programs. This research plan documents the goals, activities and anticipated timeline for the impact evaluation of the upstream HVAC programs. The primary goal of this research is to determine the best estimate of actual energy and demand savings achieved by rebated upstream HVAC measures during the 2013 14 program cycle and offered through California s IOUs: San Diego Gas and Electric Company (SDG&E), Southern California Edison (SCE) and Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E). Another critical goal of this research is to provide information that will lead to more accurate savings estimates for future program cycles. To achieve these goals, evaluation activities have been conducted, are being conducted and will be conducted in support of four basic evaluation objectives that are the basic building blocks of this evaluation: 1) Assess Program Documentation Quality: How accurately the program claims energy saving measures and the completeness of program documentation. 2) Assess Installed Measure Conditions: The basis for the energy savings claims is the California Database for Energy Efficient Resources (DEER). DEER estimates are based on efficiencies rated by the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) and using typical performance maps. Efficiencies are altered based on installed conditions to estimate in-situ performance. A key component of the evaluation will be to collect data on installed as-is conditions due to the uncertainty in direct measurement of in situ performance. 3) Assess Measure Claimed Savings: Determine whether claimed energy and demand savings are an accurate estimate of the savings that are being realized. Realized savings may be determined by selecting a set of specific input parameters rather than an independent ex post estimate using a different calculation methodology. The variation in energy consumption alone requires a larger end-use measurement cost than can be undertaken in this evaluation given the variations in building type and climate zone (CZ) as well as site-specific conditions. 2-1 June 24, 2015
4) Program Improvement Recommendations: Communicate findings and recommendations from this measurement and verification (M&V) study, literature review of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) mini-split and multi-split systems, market survey of VRF mini-split and multi-split systems and the metering pilot study. All of the activities planned for this evaluation address at least one of these objectives. Table 1 shows what activities serve which evaluation objectives. Table 1: Evaluation Objective to Activity Mapping Goal Objective Planned Activities Details Estimate actual energy and demand savings achieved Assess Program Documentation Quality Assess Measure Savings Calculate Program Savings M&V site inspection compared with claim Targeted input parameter data collection (e.g., static pressure conditions, installed options based on nameplate) Revised DEER-like measure analysis including building simulation of program specific inputs Measure and verify of a select sample of 283 end-user installations see sample design in Section 4.5. Compare the inputs and methods used in the ex ante calculations to the data gathered during the site inspection see specific input data collection in Section 4.6.2. Ex ante savings will be adjusted based on findings of the documentation and savings assessments. This may include methodological updates to DEER that were not in place when workpapers were filed, e.g., treatment of integrated energy efficiency ratio (IEER)-rated equipment. Provide actionable information to improve the accuracy of savings estimates for future program cycles Provide Program Improvement Recommendations M&V findings for VRF/mini-split/multisplit literature review, VRF/mini-split/multisplit market survey and metering pilot study Communicate findings and recommendations via memoranda and report. Mini-splits are on the Energy Savings Performance Incentive (ESPI) uncertain measure list (D.13.09.023 Attachment 3). 2013 ESPI reporting will include results of the literature review and survey. 2014 ESPI reporting will include addition data from onsite data collection. The planned onsite data collection activity will provide the necessary evaluation elements while other activities, namely the literature review, the market survey and metering pilot will support this and future evaluations. These evaluation activities are considerably more wide-ranging and disparate than those found in a typical impact evaluation study. The inclusion of these activities is to inform the ESPI uncertain measure list (D.13.09.023 Attachment 3) or to provide value to 2-2 June 24, 2015
the topics in the research roadmap that cannot be addressed directly in a typical impact evaluation. Below is a brief description of the four major evaluation activities scheduled for the first year of this study. 4 provides greater detail on these activities. M&V: The primary evaluation task is M&V of participating installed equipment at 293 sites across California. These site visits and the analysis of the acquired data will determine gross impacts for kw and kwh savings by collecting targeted inputs to the ex ante calculations. The limitations of the study are that full M&V with metering would require much larger sample sizes and costs to meet precision targets for all building type, CZ and measure combinations. Underlying those combinations are some assumptions that apply to multiple simulation runs and addressing them will reduce the overall savings uncertainty. The approach focuses on the accuracy and precision of selected simulation inputs which vary less than energy savings across building types and CZs. The savings resulting from the revised assumptions can be projected to all building type and CZ combinations for all the claimed measures. VRF, Mini-Split and Multi-Split HVAC System Literature Review: The literature review was conducted to provide the evaluation team, CPUC and program administrators a better understanding of these increasingly popular technologies that are becoming a significant portion of upstream programs. This step was used to help inform the ESPI requirement. VRF, Mini-Split and Multi-Split HVAC System Market Survey: This recently completed end-user survey was designed to help inform the ESPI requirement. The survey investigated how these systems were used and what types of systems they were replacing. The survey coupled with the literature review will be used to meet ESPI ex post evaluation requirements. Another component of the evaluation strategy will be to attempt to leverage results or information from other related activities: Results from the 2010 12 impact evaluation, market share and saturation studies and market effects studies 2 for net savings; Section 4.8 provides additional information The 2014 and 2015 DEER updates; Section 4.7 provides gross savings Any program process evaluations working closely with the CPUC team and IOUs in the HVAC Project Coordination Group (PCG) 2 Interview results from WO32 HVAC Impact Evaluation, WO24 Commercial Market Share Tracking (CMST) and Commercial Saturation Study (CSS), and survey results from the WO54 HVAC Market Effects study. 2-3 June 24, 2015
2.2 Upstream Impacts The primary goal of this evaluation is to determine gross and net kw and kwh saving impacts for the IOU upstream programs delivered during the 2013 14 program cycle. For nonresidential programs, the evaluation will sample from program year (PY) 2013 and PY 2014. According to the program tracking data, 2013 14 upstream efforts were limited to the nonresidential sector. The project team understands that residential upstream program efforts are being piloted in 2014. If residential measures are found in the 2014 program population as planned, they will be addressed as an independent sample. A residential sample is contingent upon the 2014 upstream activity and direction from CPUC. 2.2.1 Gross Impacts The evaluation will utilize a site visit sample to estimate gross impacts for the 2013 14 upstream population. The study will include measurement and verification samples for major measure groups. The scope for each measure ranges from verification inspections to site visits including detailed measurements and analysis. The results of the measurement and verification inspections will determine if the tracking database accurately characterizes the incentivized equipment installed through the upstream program. In addition, the building type and CZ where the equipment was installed will be noted during the verification visit and compared with the building type and CZ entered in the database. Data collected for 772 package and split systems at 193 sites will include: Nameplate (condensing unit and coil for split systems) Space served and control settings Duct characteristics (physical location and type) Supply fan control type Economizer characteristics (presence and type) Additional data collected for units with 20-ton capacity or less will come from a sample of at least 200 and up to 250 package and split systems at 140 sites include: Airflow Static pressure and fan power measurements (fan only and cooling mode) Supply and return temperature measurements (fan only and cooling mode) Outside air fraction based on temperature measurements Economizer functional testing Data collected for 100 chiller systems at 100 sites include: 2-4 June 24, 2015
Nameplate for chiller and loop components Primary building/space served and control settings Available operational data from EMS o Chiller power consumption (kw) o Chilled water supply and return temperatures ( F) o Chilled water flow rate (gallons per minute) o Entering condenser water temperature Using the site-observed characteristics and data, unit savings will be recalculated for an updated gross savings estimate. The savings will be recalculated using methods consistent with DEER methodologies. These recalculated values will serve as updated impact estimates for the evaluation. Deviations between these methods and IOU workpaper assumptions will be described in detail. End-use metering will be more directly applicable to the IOU workpaper inputs, but incorporating end-use metered data into the DEER models is more complex. The method chosen provides data that are envisioned to be most useful to both this evaluation and future DEER updates. The IOU-level and statewide population-level impact estimates will be obtained by projecting the sample results back up to the population. Sample data will be projected up to population estimates for parameter updates, and then the impacts will be calculated by re-running the DEER models across most or all of the building/climate/vintage combinations and associations to the tracking data. 2.2.2 Net Impacts While gross savings estimate the difference between the incentivized and code minimum equipment, the net savings is the difference between the incentivized equipment and the equipment efficiency level that would have installed in the absence of the program. For these upstream programs, determining net impacts presents a significant challenge. The upstream programs have been operating statewide continuously for several program cycles and are popular enough such that all major California HVAC distributors participate in the program. Therefore, there is not a sizable non-participant population that can be investigated. Furthermore, the design of the upstream programs has the downstream purchase decisionmaker unaware of the program, which eliminates any possibility of using a classical self-report approach for determining net savings. The net savings approach for this impact evaluation includes elements to improve our understanding of the market, which in turn will allow us to reapply or modify the net-to-gross (NTG) estimates produced in 2010 12 for the 2013 14 cycle analysis. The limitation remains that the long-term operation for multiple program cycles makes obtaining pre-program market share data impossible. The current proposed method includes a thorough review of market share data collected in 2010 12 and a significantly revised round of market actor interviews 2-5 June 24, 2015
with HVAC distributors. The distributors have already provided self-reported scoring of the program influence, as they are the only upstream HVAC market actors with a view of the entire field. The market share analysis will be conducted to provide a comparison of the 2010 12 Market Effects Study results, CMST Study, and 2010 12 upstream program interview results before conducting new interviews or other data collection for 2013 2014 under this plan. The investigation of market share using the 2010 2012 HVAC Market Effects Baseline and CMST study will be used to estimate the proportion of high efficiency units that were naturally occurring versus those that were attributed to the upstream program. This effort will tie together sample points in the general population studies and tracking data and then extrapolate the proportion of high efficiency sales occurring outside the program. Program participants and a limited number of significant non-participants will be interviewed using revised questions to gain a better understanding of how the market operates. For example one important element to distributors is the number of times a product sells per year. If only sold a few times, there is no reason to keep it in stock, and if it is sold multiple times then there is a reason to keep it in stock. One key focus will be on determining the appropriate weighting of stocking versus sales influence. There are questions about large equipment that is not typically stocked by any distributor and more often sold by equipment manufacturer representatives, or equipment sold for new construction applications where units are being ordered to specification with long lead times as opposed to being stocked. The 2013 14 interviews will explore topics such as lead times, and stocking by equipment type and size. For equipment where the primary influence of the incentive is on unit cost, further investigation will be conducted to determine how the incentives relate to incremental measure costs. The 2010 12 evaluation revealed that the incentives may not be applied uniformly by participating distributors. Deeper investigation will examine if there is the intended effect of providing incentives to distributors that translate into lower consumer costs than a model where rebates are provided to consumers directly. In the 2010 12 interviews, distributors were asked if their customers (contractors and large businesses) were aware of the rebate it was found that rebate disclosure was selective. This finding suggests the effect on unit price may be dependent on volume purchased where frequent customers receive preferred (rebated) pricing. Data collection may also need to include manufacturer interviews to confirm or determine differences in lead time and cost for units in the highest efficiency tiers. These efforts will also explore a market share tracking system for HVAC units. A tracking system method was proposed in the 2010 12 HVAC Market Effects Baseline study. A system would not be in place in time to be used for this evaluation, but groundwork can be established and this effort may be appropriate to get underway in 2015 or 2016. 2-6 June 24, 2015
3 Upstream Program Activity/Measure Descriptions For PY 2013 through 2014, California IOUs funded upstream HVAC rebate programs for both non-residential and residential applications. The non-residential components of the upstream programs have been in continuous operation since 1998. The residential component is a recent addition and has begun a pilot phase in 2014. There were no residential upstream claims in PY 2013. More information on upstream programs is provided on Energy Solution s website: https://energy-solution.com/project/distributor-hvac-program/. The upstream programs share three primary goals: Encourage participants (distributors) to increase their stock of high-efficiency equipment in order to be readily available to customers (contractors and large businesses) Encourage participants to up-sell equipment to customers (e.g., explaining to customers the technical and financial benefits of the efficient option and calculating the payback or net present value when possible) Encourage the purchase and installation of the most efficient equipment available To achieve these goals, the upstream HVAC programs enlists HVAC equipment distributors who are willing to participate under the program s terms and conditions to sell high efficiency heating and cooling equipment for both non-residential (commercial) use and residential use. The available rebate amounts are based on equipment performance tiers. 3 Tiers vary based on equipment type, capacity and efficiency (SEER) EER, or IEER ratings. Distributors customers are typically licensed HVAC contractors (C-20) or mechanical design engineers. For a distributor to receive a rebate, the eligible equipment must be installed in homes or buildings within the sponsoring IOU s service territory and must meet program-specified efficiency requirements; distributors must provide information on the location of the installation to the program administrator. The most common rebated equipment includes: Three-phase packaged and split equipment (air-cooled and water-sourced heat pumps (HP), water and evaporative-cooled AC) Single-phase equipment (air cooled) Single-phase ductless equipment (mini and multi-split equipment) Distributors are also entitled to receive rebates for these less common equipment types: Three-phase air-cooled chiller equipment Three-phase water-cooled chiller equipment 3 https://www.cainstantrebates.com/ 3-1 June 24, 2015
Three-phase VRF equipment (HP with and without heat recovery) 3.1 Program and Measure Activity The following sections convey the evaluation team s understanding of current upstream program activity across the IOUs with respect to the measures being implemented, the programs they are being adminstered through and the workpapers that support their ex ante estimates. PG&E, SCE and SDG&E programs are all implementing consistent upstream measures. However, each utility implements a slightly different program structure. Upstream measures are identified in the tracking data differently by each IOU. PG&E used an Upstream Flag field that clearly indicates that the claim was an upstream measure. SDG&E put the word upstream in its measure description field to differentiate the claim from a downstream measure. SCE upstream claims were identified when Up-Stream Programs-Up- Stream Incentive was entered in its implementation description field for the measure in question. SCG does not offer any upstream measures in their 2013 14 program cycle energy efficiency program portfolio. The 2013 14 tracking data only have upstream measure claims in the non-residential sector. Each IOU has a single non-residential program where the upstream measures are administered. All of PG&E s 2013 14 upstream measures are administered through Program 21015- Commercial HVAC. SCE s 2013 14 upstream measures were administered through Program SCE-13-SW-002F, Non-Residential HVAC. SDG&E s 2013 14 upstream measures were administered through Program 3224, SW-COM-Deemed Incentives-HVAC Commercial. Table 2 shows the 2013 14 upstream HVAC aggregate electric energy and demand savings claims for identified upstream measures within each IOU non-residential program mentioned above. This represents the entire upstream population since there are no residential claims through 2014. The entire 2013 14 portfolio savings are included on the table for comparison. The 2013 2014 upstream program claims represent 2% of the entire statewide portfolio electric energy claims and 2% of the portfolio demand savings claims. 3-2 June 24, 2015
Table 2: 2013 14 Upstream Program Savings by IOU IOU Energy Savings Claims by IOU Electric Energy (GWh) Electric Demand (MW) PG&E 41.7 6.8 SCE 76.3 13.0 SDG&E 10.2 0.1 Total 118.2 19.9 Portfolio Savings Claims PG&E 3297.1 568.8 SCE 3,464.8 292.7 SDG&E 688.4 111.3 Total* 7,450.3 972.8 Claimed savings for program years 2013 14 from all the measures of interest to the upstream evaluation are described below. The measure names shown in the tables are the measure names that are given in the tracking data. In some cases, tracking data also included measure codes. Appendix 9.7 lists those measure names with their respective codes. Each claim represents a line item in the tracking data, which is not necessarily at the unit level. SDGE3224 SW-COM Deemed Incentives-Commercial HVAC The upstream measures in SDGE 3224 are a small part of this comprehensive commercial deemed incentive program. According to the 2013 14 tracking data, upstream savings activity SDG&E claimed savings across 12 measure line items. All of these measures are for the packaged-units measure category. The measures rely on scaling factors referenced in the workpaper to determine savings tier levels. Table 3: SDG&E Commercial Upstream Program Activity by Measure Category Measures Category 2013 14 Claims kw First Year kwh Packaged/Split AC Systems 146 81.0 178,155 Economizers 7 0.2 31,620 Grand Total 153 81.2 209,775 There are a relatively small number of SDG&E upstream measures when compared with SCE and PG&E upstream measures in the program tracking data. One of the initial tasks of this 3-3 June 24, 2015
evaluation will be to confirm that the evaluation team has acquired and identified the entire population of upstream measures for each IOU. SCE-13-SW-002F Commercial HVAC All of SCE s commercial upstream-related activities are administered through this broad-based core commercial-hvac program. The tracking data show upstream claims under 52 separate measure names with distinctions for size and equipment efficiency tiers. Table 4 shows the savings for SCE s upstream measures aggregated by basic equipment technology category. Note that packaged/split systems have the most claims and savings. There are fewer chiller claims than packaged systems yet, due to the large kwh savings per claim, water and air-cooled chiller savings in the aggregate comprise just over 50% of first-year program savings. Table 4: SCE Commercial Upstream Program Activity by Measure Category Measures Category 2013 14 Claims kw First Year kwh Packaged/Split AC/HP Systems 5,146 5,154 37,471,711 Air-Cooled Chillers 177 1,268 18,383,631 Water-Cooled Chillers 114 3,852 13,285,244 VRF AC/HP Systems 293 2,515 Ductless/Mini/Multi-Split Systems 539 107 Water Source Heat Pumps 138 122 Evaporative Cooled AC 46 52 6,170,454 634,034 330,076 32,701 Grand Total 6,453 13,070 76,307,850 SCE s upstream program workpapers are listed below. These workpapers describes the assumptions and methodology for generating an estimate of the typical unit participating in the program. The savings are by building type using CZ and unit cooling capacity and efficiency. 3-4 June 24, 2015
The following workpapers 4 were used to determine the gross ex ante savings for measures installed in SCE s service territory: SCE13HC035, Unitary Air Cooled AC Units 65 kbtu and Larger (includes larger VRF) SCE13HC019, Unitary Split System Air Cooled Heat Pumps Under 65 kbtu SCE13HC012, Packaged and Split Air Cooled Commercial Air Conditioning and Heat Pump Units, Under 65 kbtu/h SCE13HC032, Ductless Air Conditioners under 24 kbtu SCE13HC033, Ductless Mini-Split and Multi-Split Heat Pump units under 65 kbtuh. SCE13HC030 Air-Cooled Packaged Chiller SCE13HC043 Water-Cooled Chillers PGE 21015 Commercial HVAC PG&E is implementing upstream measures for the non-residential sector through its core HVAC program. Table 5 shows the measure categories as well as the number of claims and aggregate kw and kwh savings found in the 2013 14 (Q1 Q8) tracking data. Unitary (packaged/split) systems have the greatest proportion of kwh/year savings. Note that mini-splits are not specifically identified in the PG&E tracking data and are classified as packaged/split/ac/hp systems in the table. Table 5: PGE Non-Residential HVAC Upstream Activity by Measure Category Q1- Q8 Measure Categories 2013-14 Claims kw First Year kwh Packaged/Split AC/HP Systems 6,149 3,357 Air-Cooled Chillers 248 956 VRF AC/HP Systems* 1,326 1,683 Water Source Heat Pumps 1,335 691 Evaporative Cooled AC 14 145 21,405,939 13,405,143 5,395,335 1,372,315 156,792 Grand Total 9,072 6,831 41,735,525 4 To estimate ductless system savings, this workpaper used a ducted split system savings and applied a multiplier to approximate the savings for the absence of ducting. 3-5 June 24, 2015
These workpapers were used to determine the gross ex ante savings for measures installed in PG&E s service territory. The detailed workpapers for PG&E s non-residential upstream program are: PGECOHVC126, Unitary Air-Cooled Commercial Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps <65kBtu/h PGECOHVC128, Unitary Air-Cooled Commercial Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps >= 65 kbtu/h PGECOHVC162, Unitary Water Cooled Heat Pumps PGECOHVC142, Variable Refrigerant Flow Nonresidential Systems PGECOHVC120, Air-Cooled Packaged Chillers 3-6 June 24, 2015
4 Evaluation Activities 4.1 Overview The planned evaluation activities include a literature review of mini-split, multi-split and VRF air conditioning systems. A survey designed to learn market factors with mini-split, multi-split and VRF air conditioning systems will be used to evaluate mini split as an ESPI measure. An advanced metering pilot study and a large-scale EM&V study are also part of this undertaking. These activities are detailed in the following sections. 4.2 Mini-Split and VRF System Literature Review Mini-split, multi-split, and VRF air conditioning systems have gained popularity worldwide in recent decades, particularly in Europe and Japan. Currently, these technologies are gaining market share in California and continued growth is anticipated, which is expected to continue to result in an increase in their relative contribution to IOU program portfolio savings. Therefore, interest in these technologies is high among the commission and other stakeholders. Furthermore, stakeholders are concerned that the energy savings delivered by VRF systems in buildings applications may not live up to current manufacturers claims due to significant design and operational constraints for both outdoor and indoor units. Mini-splits are on the ESPI uncertain measure list (D.13.09.023 Attachment 3). CPUC and stakeholder need for an increase in information on these technologies was urgent. Therefore, the evaluation team completed the work earlier this year and the resulting write-up was uploaded to Basecamp, 5 the Commission s project database, in June 2014. DNV GL also uploaded a spreadsheet containing a complete list of the references reviewed along with source descriptions, brief summaries and whether applicable and worthwhile. The write-up will be included in the appendices to this research plan prior to submission for public review. 5 Summaries, list of reports, and original reports are available at https://basecamp.com/2320550/projects/3348942/messages/25740120 4-1 June 24, 2015
DNV GL reviewed 119 references from various sources regarding mini-split, multi-split, and VRF systems and categorized them as follows: Among the references gathered, there were 42 academic papers and 30 research reports. These were supplemented by project summaries, manufacturer specifications, dissertation theses, abstracts and presentations. The equipment types addressed were evenly represented: VRF heat pumps, VRF heat recovery equipment and mini-split units. In addition, 26 references covered more than one type of units. Air-cooled units dominated these studies; there were only three studies that addressed water-cooled units. Most references addressed equipment that provide both cooling and heating. Eight references, however, addressed heating-only applications, and most of these were heat pump studies conducted by Ecotope on behalf of Bonneville Power Authority (BPA). Ten references addressed cooling only applications. Geographical categorization revealed that the majority of the references were from North America; 33 studies were from East Asia. The following was learned from the literature review: There has been very little research done to verify the energy consumption of these systems in the field. However, there are reportedly research efforts currently underway to: o evaluate the performance and efficiency of VRF systems at full- and part-load rated capacity, and o refine and validate energy-modeling software specifically designed to consider the complexity of VRF system operation in cooling, heating, and heat recovery modes. It is very difficult to measure the in-field performance of mini-split, multi-split and VRF systems. However, several methods were developed including: o inserting a probe into the refrigerant line, and o using thermal flux sampling equipment to measure the total heat exhausted by the condensor fan at the outdoor component. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has produced a detailed protocol for accurately measuring and monitoring the performance of a mini-split heat pumps. This method can be used in new construction and retrofit applications, residential and commercial buildings and short- or long-term measurement of ductless, mini-split heat pump performance. There is some concern that the energy savings provided by VRF systems in building applications may not live up to manufacturers claims due to significant design and operational constraints for both outdoor and indoor units: both the length and elevationshift of the refrigerant pipe must be limited to prevent offsetting all efficiency gains. 4-2 June 24, 2015
4.3 Mini-split/VRF Market Survey As the market share of mini-split, multi-split and VRF air conditioning systems increase in California, it is assumed that a significant portion of these systems are replacing other system types. While this is a likely occurrence, there are no studies that indicate what proportion of mini-split, multi-split and VRF systems are being installed in new construction, or being used to augment previous operating systems versus being installed in system changeover operations. Similarly, there is no readily available data on what types of systems are being replaced in favor of mini-split, multi-split and VRF air conditioning systems. Since IOU upstream program energy estimates use assumptions of the proportion of system types being replaced, determining the actual proportion becomes a research question that is relevant to this evaluation. As such, the DNV GL evaluation team will conduct survey research to answer these and other research questions regarding mini-split, multi-split and VRF installations. DNV GL has developed and fielded a telephone survey to determine the replaced, newly installed and augmented equipment at a sample of completed projects in a variety of installation categories. The survey instrument has been posted to Basecamp. Specifically, the mini-split, multi-split and VRF telephone survey is asking the following questions: Was the mini-split/vrf a retrofit, addition to an existing system or new installation? What was the reason for the installation? How did they learn about the technology? What space type does the system serve? If the system was a replacement, what did it replace? When applicable, what are the efficiency levels of installed and replaced measures? For any additional systems installed: o What is the HVAC efficiency typically purchased (standard, above standard, high efficiency)? o Who is the manufacturer? The sample design for the mini-split, multi-split and VRF system survey is an attempted census of the population of 2010 12 participants. That is, there will be an attempt to survey the site contact for all 264 upstream-incented system claims in the 2010 12 population. This population was used because the survey was underway before the 2013 tracking data became available. Given that this is an upstream program and the end users may be unaware that they have benefitted from the program, the strategy is to conduct additional surveys only if the respondents in the first phase cannot provide meaningful responses. 4-3 June 24, 2015
4.4 Metering Pilot The primary objective of the metering pilot is to demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of two competing state-of-the-art instrumentation suites for performance monitoring of packaged rooftop HVAC units. The research questions that will be answered by this effort include what data can be obtained with current leading-edge monitoring technology, the reliability of the data from this equipment and how much it costs to acquire it. The results of this metering pilot will be used to determine what level of performance monitoring, if any, is optimal for a larger sample of the upstream population to be included as part of the this evaluation and other future HVAC evaluations. Metering suites with built-in communication hardware will be installed to collect end-use data at each packaged rooftop unit in real time and store them on secure servers. The metering pilot approach is characterized by the following steps: 1. Install remote metering suites at four sites that have multiple packaged rooftop units. 2. Use two types of metering suites to gather the following data: o Power usage of: Each compressor or compressor bank Each condenser fan or fan bank Each supply fan o Dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity of: supply air ducts (two pairs of sensors at each unit for redundancy) return air duct (two pairs of sensors at each unit for redundancy) mixed air chamber (four pairs of sensors at each unit to account for air stratification) o Weather station at a representative rooftop location to gather: ambient dry-bulb temperature ambient relative humidity 3. Compare the accuracy and reliability of the two metering suites. The complete pilot metering plan is included in the appendix for further details. 4.5 Sampling Approach The sampling methodology employs a stratified ratio estimation model that first places participants into segments of interest (by IOU) and then into strata by size, measured in kwh savings. The methodology then estimates appropriate sample sizes based on an assumed error ratio. 4-4 June 24, 2015
The error ratio is the ratio-based equivalent of a coefficient of variation (CV). The CV measures the variability (standard deviation or root-mean-square difference) of individual evaluated values around their mean value, as a fraction of that mean value. Similarly, the error ratio measures the variability (root-mean-square difference) of individual evaluated values from the ratio line Evaluated = Ratio* Reported, as a fraction of the mean evaluated value. Thus, to estimate the precision that can be achieved by the planned sample sizes, or conversely the sample sizes necessary to achieve a given precision level, it is necessary to know the error ratio for the sample components. In practice, error ratios cannot be determined until after the data are collected and savings are evaluated. The sample design and projected precision are therefore based on assumed error ratios from past experience with similar work. Evaluators assumed an error ratio of 0.6 based on previous experience with similar studies. A study looking to measure annual or peak consumption would have a higher estimated error ratio based on past metering studies, somewhere between 0.7 and 1.0 depending on buildings and climates covered. 6 A simple verification study may use an error ratio of 0.5. This evaluation will measure a set of conditions and compare them to current simulation model assumptions. The team chose to assume an error ratio of 0.6 by IOU. Analysis by some building types will be possible across IOUs, but building types and CZs with small population savings will have small or no samples. Participant Data and Aggregation The tracking data file had 15,678 measures tracked from the beginning of 2013 to the end of 2014 (Q1-Q8). Approximately 58% of measures (9,072 records) were from PGE, 41% (6,453 records) from SCE and 1% (153 records) from SDGE. There were multiple measures in a site, so aggregating savings began by site based on site identification number. Counts of the sites across each IOU and measure groups along with their percentage with respect to the total are shown below in Error! Reference source not found. and Error! Reference source not found., respectively. Table 6: Counts of Sites, Total kwh Savings and Percentage of Total by IOU IOU # of Sites % of Total kwh Savings % of Total PGE 9,072 57.8% 41,735,525 35.3% SCE 6,453 41.2% 76,307,850 64.5% SDGE 153 1.0% 209,775 0.2% Total 15,678 100% 118,253,150 100% 6 California Commercial End-Use Survey, Itron, Inc.; JJ Hirsh and Associates; Kema Inc.; ADM 2006, CALMAC ID CEC 0023.01 4-5 June 24, 2015
Table 7: Count of Sites, Total kwh and Percentage of Total by Measure Groups Measure Group # of Sites % of T otal kwh Savings % of T otal HVAC Chiller Air Cooled 425 2.71% 31,788,774 26.88% HVAC Chiller Water Cooled 121 0.77% 17,591,444 14.88% HVAC Economizer Addition 7 0.04% 31,620 0.03% HVAC Rooftop or Split System 13,285 84.74% 56,898,430 48.12% Mini/Multi/VRF Rooftop or Split 1,840 11.74% 11,942,882 10.10% Total 15,678 100% 118,253,150 100% Chillers and rooftop/split-systems both contribute to sizeable portion of savings. Economizer additions were performed for projects in the rooftop or split systems measure group, so economizers were kept in a pool with rooftop/split systems. Chillers and rooftop/split systems had a separate sample design. Sample Design for Chillers DNV GL designed the sample to achieve +/-10% relative precision for each IOU at the 90% confidence level as well as at the 80% confidence level. In order to achieve +/-10% relative precision for each IOUs at 90% confidence level, a total of 100 samples are required as shown in Table 8. Table 8: Chillers Sample Sizes by IOU IOU Sample Size Population Size Relative Precision at 90% Confidence Relative Precision at 80% Confidence Percent Program Savings (kwh) PG&E 48 127 10% 8% 20% SCE 52 161 10% 8% 80% Total 100 288 8% 6% 100% Sample Design for Rooftop and Split Systems In the case of package or split systems two samples will be drawn. One is the verification only sample of units larger than 20-ton capacity and the second is the sample of 20 ton and smaller 4-6 June 24, 2015
units that will have estimated unit energy savings (UES) based on field measurements and simulation analysis. In order to achieve +/-10% relative precision for each IOU at 90% confidence level, 193 samples are required. The large unit verification sample is 53 sites and the small-unit UES sample is 140 sites. Precision targets at the building type or CZ level are not expected to be met, but these factors will be considered in the final sample design and selection process to assure that the most popular building types and CZs in the population get adequate representation. CZ and building type combinations with low claimed savings will not be included in the sample. System airflow measurements, outside air measurements and system spot power measurements will be performed on a random sample of 200 250 units 20 tons and smaller. These measurements may be used to characterize the airflow and usage of the greater sample depending on a number of factors, including coverage of building type and CZ combination selected for the subsample. Outside air measurement will be performed whenever conditions are favorable for usable data. Ideally the measurements will be made when the difference between the indoor and outside air temperatures is approximately 20 F or greater. The results of this subsample will likely be used to characterize the outside air proportions for the larger sample and ultimately the program population. Table 9: Package/Split System Verification Sample Sizes by IOU IOU Sample Size Population Size Relative Precision at 90% Confidence Relative Precision at 80% Confidence Percent Program Savings (kwh) PG&E 27 275 14% 11% 49.5% SCE 23 155 4% 11% 50.3% SDG&E 3 3 0% 0% 0.1% Total 53 433 10% 8% 100% 4-7 June 24, 2015
Table 10: Package/Split System UES Sample Sizes by IOU for 20-ton Units IOU Sample Size Population Size Relative Precision at 90% Confidence Relative Precision at 80% Confidence Percent Program Savings (kwh) PG&E 50 2,812 19% 15% 21.4% SCE 80 1,669 12% 10% 78.2% SDG&E 10 21 20% 16% 0.4% Total 140 4,502 10% 8% 100% 4.6 Measurement and Verification (including Training) This task will verify the installation and associated equipment characteristics of the 2013 14 upstream population. The evaluation team will perform site inspections at a sample of 293 unique locations. The sample of locations will be randomly selected using a model-based statistical sampling (MBSS) approach. DNV GL will send inspectors to each sampled site. The inspection findings will then be compared with program tracking data to determine the accuracy of the program documentation. Deviation between the program documentation and actual installed equipment will form the basis of an adjustment to ex ante savings claims to produce ex post values. Essentially, DNV GL will collect additional data to inform simulation models and the savings estimates will come from rerunning the DEER prototypes using the updated data. Data will be presented along with the draft adjustment before finalizing the analysis. The population under investigation for this verification includes all upstream claims found in the 2013 14 tracking database. The primary goal of the site visit will be to collect nameplate data, specific measurements of the sampled participant units and the building type where the equipment was installed. When available, the operational schedule of the unit will be recorded directly from the thermostat or from the facility personnel. On a sample of 140 sites, more data will be collected for 20-ton units including spot measurements as described in Section 4.6.2. The IOU ex ante estimates are based upon the incented equipment type, the nominal capacity and efficiency of the equipment, building type of the building where the equipment was installed and the CZ where the building is located. DEER UES values are used directly in some cases and scaled or modified in spreadsheets in the other cases. Where UES values are not used directly, 4-8 June 24, 2015
the CZ and building type will be used to estimate an annual cooling hour estimate, which along with capacity of the unit, determines the estimated annual cooling load. The installed efficiency gives the delta watts or savings fraction for savings calculation. In these cases, the IOU ex ante estimates used DEER values for annual cooling hours and multiple methods to determine delta watts. 4.6.1 Training The upstream program verification will have two training sessions for site inspectors. Current DNV GL staff members are very familiar with these HVAC evaluation techniques. Therefore, a relatively brief in-office training to inform DNV GL staff about the particulars of this study will be sufficient. Conversely, there will be a more involved training with subcontractors to ensure the subcontractor personnel understand the project protocols and all have developed competence with the data collection scope. 4.6.2 Data Collection 4.6.2.1 Unitary Systems Unitary systems (rooftop or split systems) will be evaluated at 193 sites. The sample plan will select those sites that have three or more units. At each site, the evaluation team will make observations and take measurements on three units. Each unit will be the subject of the following observations and measurements: Installation Characteristics: Inspectors will record the building type, space type and square footage served by each selected unit. A list of items to be recorded can be found in the Appendix. Equipment Nameplate: A photograph of the nameplate of each unit will be taken. The inspector will also record the information on the nameplate on an electronic data collection tablet. A complete list of nameplate data elements is provided in the appendix. Economizer: Inspectors will record the presence or absence of an economizer on each selected unit and, where an economizer is present, will perform economizer functionality testing. Application Characteristics: Inspectors will record the building type and space type served by each selected unit. Operating Characteristics: Inspectors will attempt to collect the operating and setpoint schedules. If possible, the schedules will be obtained by direct observation of a programmable thermostat or energy management system. If the inspector cannot directly observe the schedules, then facility personnel will be queried for the schedules. The inspector will obtain the on/off time for weekdays, weekends and holidays as well as 4-9 June 24, 2015
the heating and cooling set points for occupied and non-occupied. The site contact will also be asked for the list of holidays observed at the facility. Spot Measurements: o Cooling-mode and fan-mode static pressures across fan, across unit, and between return and ambient air o Cooling-mode and fan-mode air temperatures for supply, return, and ambient air o Cooling-mode and fan-mode fan true electric power o Cooling-mode system true electric power o Percentage of outside air at as-found and minimum position (whenever conditions are feasible 7 for useful data collection) o Cooling mode airflow (on at least 20 units) Protocols for these measurements are listed in the appendices. 4.6.2.2 Chiller (Central Plant) Systems Chillers will be evaluated at 100 sites. No tests or measurements will be performed on chiller systems, but operating information will be requested. Activities will include interviews and direct observation to gather the following information: Installation Characteristics: Inspectors will record the building type, space type, and square footage served by each selected unit. Equipment Nameplate: Information from the nameplate will be recorded on the tablet and a photograph of the nameplate will be taken. Operating Characteristics: Inspectors will attempt to collect the operating and setpoint schedules for each unit. If possible, the schedules will be obtained by direct observation of a programmable thermostat or energy management system. If the inspector cannot directly observe the schedules, then facility personnel will be queried for the schedules. The inspector will obtain the on/off time for weekdays, weekends and holidays as well as the heating and cooling set points for occupied and non-occupied periods. The site contact will also be asked for the list of holidays observed at the facility. Equipment Details: o Chiller Chiller compressor type Chiller status (primary, secondary/backup) Plant optimization strategy Chiller sequencing 7 In order to be useful, these measurements need to a have a significant difference (ideally 20 o F) between outdoor and return air temperatures, these measurements will be performed whenever these conditions are met. 4-10 June 24, 2015
o o o Control strategy Condenser type If a water-side economizer is present, schematic loop arrangement, control logic for economizer operation, loop temperature and pressuresensor data kw/ton and other trend data along with basic analysis if the site s energy management system can provide it Chilled Water Pumps Nameplate information Control sequence Motor type: constant-velocity or variable-frequency drive (VFD) Primary or secondary/backup service Temperature set points Flow rates, variable flow settings and loop valve types Condenser Water Pumps Nameplate information Control sequence Motor type: constant-velocity or VFD Temperature set points Flow rates, variable flow settings and loop valve types Air-Cooled Condensers and Cooling Towers Nameplate Control sequence Fan controls Fan horsepower Temperature set points and control strategy The occupancy and schedule data will be compared with DEER and program workpaper assumptions. If there are significant operating differences between the program assumptions and site visit findings, the program savings will be trued-up to obtain estimated savings for the program. The next section (Section 4.7) provides data analysis details. All collected data will be recorded using the electronic data collection tablet described in Section 4-9. A mapping of the data entry fields programmed into the tablet is included in the appendix. 4.7 Data Analysis The primary analysis task associated with this measurement and verification is to compare nameplate information and installation characteristics of each inspected unit with the tracking data claim for that unit. The make, model number and, in some cases, serial number from the nameplate of each inspected unit will be referenced against manufacturer data to obtain 4-11 June 24, 2015
installed rated efficiencies and cooling capacities. The installed efficiencies and capacities will be compared against program tracking data. The building type and CZ where the verified units are installed will be compared against the building type and zone entered in the tracking claim. A detailed M&V plan will be developed prior to onsite data collection that details the specific measurement procedures and affected simulation model parameters for all analysis beyond verification of claims. Measure savings will be recalculated if the on-site inspection identifies nameplate information or installation characteristics that do not match with the tracking savings claims. If all characteristics match, then no adjustment to the savings values will be made. The recalculation will be made with the appropriate DEER value for annual load or savings fraction. This recalculation will produce the gross ex post energy and demand savings. The individual site ex post numbers will be projected to the population to determine the gross ex post gross energy and demand savings at the IOU level. Simulations will be run to represent the program population. This means the analysis will not include all building types and CZs for comparison with values present in the workpapers or in DEER. The relevant building types may also vary by CZ. CZ and building type combinations with low claimed savings may not be run to save analysis time. The programs claim savings based on the workpapers shown in Section 3.1. The analysis can be grouped based on the different methods used in the ex ante workpaper savings calculations. Note that when considering end-use metering in the data collection scope the evaluation team noted that it would be more directly applicable to the IOU workpaper inputs, but incorporating the end-use metered data into the DEER models is more complex. The method chosen provides data that are envisioned to be most useful to both this evaluation and future DEER updates. Examples of the focused inputs are system airflow and outside air fraction. 4.7.1 DEER-based Estimates for Rooftop Package and Split Systems The IOU workpapers include some measures, primarily lower efficiency tier units, based on 2011 DEER estimates with no additional adjustments and the analysis of these units savings can be solely focused on modifying the operating parameters measured during site visits. The analysis is based on the operating parameters for the newly installed unit and those inputs will be the same for the measure and baseline case. If the installed unit efficiency deviates from the claim, the measure will be reassigned and the difference will be part of the installation rate. The update in DEER 2015 to align with IEER does not affect the lowest efficiency tiers, but for higher efficiency tiers the DEER 2015 methodology and workpapers differ significantly. 4.7.2 IEER for Rooftop Package and Split Systems The IOU workpapers combine 2011 DEER estimates and additional adjustments based on a unit s rated IEER and on the market share of units with EER and IEER-rated combinations. 4-12 June 24, 2015
Since the workpaper filings, DEER has updated measures to align with the IEER tier levels. The analysis for the evaluation will be more consistent with the appropriate DEER methodology rather than the workpapers. The primary modification and difference from DEER 2015 will be data collected on static pressure and fan power as well as the control setting for the program participants. A summary of the IEER rating method, IOU 2013 14 workpaper methodology and 2015 DEER methodology and measures are provided in Appendix 9.6. 4.7.3 Mini-split and VRF Measures The IOU workpapers for ductless mini-splits takes savings of high-seer residential systems to scale non-residential savings and claims savings by eliminating ductwork. In this evaluation, performance maps for popular mini-split systems will be used to run simulations to better estimate savings than those using ratios from residential models. For larger VRF systems, the approach in the workpapers uses EnergyPro 5.1 and does not provide the performance maps. These systems are not explicitly part of 2011 or 2015 DEER estimates. This evaluation approach takes VRF performance maps and runs them in the DEER prototypes to develop UES values that are comparable with traditional systems. Data collection will further inform the assumption that half of the load is served by ductless units. 4.7.4 Chiller Measures The IOU workpapers are based on DEER estimates with adjustment factors applied to reflect the market of available measures. The impact analysis of savings will be primarily focused on modifying the operating parameters gathered during site visits. If better information is available for adjustment factors, then modifications will be made to those factors. The impact analysis will be based on the operating parameters for the newly installed unit and those inputs will be the same for the measure and baseline case. If the installed unit efficiency deviates from the claim, the measure will be reassigned and the difference will be part of the installation rate. 4.8 NTG & Market Assessment The net to gross analysis task includes three efforts intended to support acceptance of estimates developed in 2010 12 or modify those estimates based on a better understanding of the market for package and split systems. The mini-split, VRF and chiller measures were not a focus of the 2010 12 market actor interviews and require specific interviews of participating distributors. The efforts under this plan are to: Review secondary sources for market share information pertaining to the upstream program Conduct market actor interviews (participant distributors, manufacturers, customers and end users) focused on market structure for all units and participant distributor 4-13 June 24, 2015
interviews to assess program influence for mini-split, VRF and chiller measures (which were not studied in 2010 12) Establish a foundation for ongoing market share tracking; consider and possibly establish comparison areas (non-iou or out of state) Review the program PIP and conduct interviews with program managers to discuss program theory on influencing alternate equipment types (mini-split, VRF and chiller measures) The DNV GL team will draft a memo outlining how secondary data from 2010 12 and new data from 2013 14 will be used in the 2013 14 analysis. The memo will include a flow chart and example calculations to be filled in or updated with new primary data. 4.8.1 Review of Secondary Sources The previous evaluation cycle (2010 12) produced three separate reports that may all provide insight into the attribution of high-efficiency units rebated under the program. The Commercial Market Share Tracking study and HVAC Market Effects study provide important information on the market share of high-efficiency units. The 2010 12 impact results reported that most rebates were for the sale of high-efficiency tier 1 and there was a significant market share of Tier 1 in the general population. Most importantly, the 2010 12 impact evaluation received data through IOU requests indicating specific sites where upstream measures were installed that may not have been filtered out of the market studies. The 2010 12 impact evaluation included interviews with participant distributors to assess program influence on sales of high efficiency units. The approach for net savings utilizes all of the available information and determine the extent to which additional data collection planned in this study can reduce the uncertainty in the estimate or support counter-arguments. Additional supplemental data collection efforts include, but are not limited to, market actor and decision-maker surveys has budget set aside for those activities, but sample sizes and targeted market actors are not described in this plan. As described earlier, there will be interviews of participant distributors and a sample of non-participants distributors focused on the structural aspects of the market. Where certain equipment types or sizes have no stocking based on new interview information or where incentives were passed on to customers, the previous NTG analysis in 2010-12 can be revised and recalculated. The interviews will also provide more qualitative information to better understand program influence on reducing customer cost for high efficiency and other influence from the participating distributor that drives customer decisions to purchase high-efficiency equipment. 4.8.2 Market Actor Interviews and Customer Surveys The proposed distributor survey questions will explore a new range of issues relative to the questions asked for the WO32 net savings efforts. A new battery of questions will be asked 4-14 June 24, 2015
related to the ways in which units are sold and installed. Since DNVGL completed a near census with the population of program distributions in 2010 12 on topics related to program attribution we do not believe it is necessary to re-interview on this same set of questions. Only new participating distributors and those distributors with claims for chillers, mini-split and VRF measures will be asked the program influence battery in 2013 14. For WO32, the evaluation team developed a self-reported scoring methodology that quantifies program influence on sales and stocking, factors that the program aims to affect. In a two-part question, distributors quantified program influence. The two-part questions were repeated for sales and stocking. A weighting of 30% stocking and 70% sales was established and used for all interview results. The WO32 evaluation revealed that the incentives may not be applied uniformly by participating distributors. Where the incentives are passed on to customers (contractors and large businesses), a sample will be drawn to survey those customers about their purchasing decision. The customer survey data will then be used in addition to the distributor interview information. Additional customer surveys will be conducted using only part of the survey instrument to understand if other distributors who did not pass on the incentive directly influenced the customer in some other way that led to a purchase of higher efficiency than they would of otherwise. The additional customer survey data will be used in conjunction with distributor interviews to directly adjust NTG and will provide qualitative information. The revised interviews will be administered to program participants and sampled nonparticipants to gain a better understanding of how the market operates. The data collection will not be limited to participating distributors, but will include non-participants and manufacturers to get a holistic view of the market. The non-participant and manufacturer interviews are not intended to be used for direct NTG calculation. Comparing the two groups and information from the manufacturers will provide additional qualitative insight on the calculated NTG. The manufacturer interviews may also confirm or determine differences in distributor reported leadtime and cost for units in the highest efficiency tiers. One key focus will be determining the appropriate weighting of stocking versus sales influence. Questions have been raised about large equipment that is not likely to be stocked by any distributor and units going to new construction where long lead times typically involve units being ordered to specification and not stocked. For this evaluation activity, the team will focus on developing the weights for the program influence on stocking and sales based on additional information. For example, lead times for specific equipment categories and size ranges will be established and based on the distribution of claimed unit categories and sizes the true influence of stocking may increase or decrease. In this way each distributor may have a different set of weighting as opposed to the 30/70 stocking and sales weighting used for all distributor results in 2010 12. The weighting may vary by distributor, equipment size, and based on installation type (replacement versus new construction). 4-15 June 24, 2015
For equipment where the primary influence of the incentive is on unit cost, further investigation is required to determine how the incentives relate to incremental measure costs. The customer surveys will allow further investigation and will include questions to better understand if there is the intended effect of providing incentives to distributors that translate into lower consumer costs than a model where rebates are provided to consumers directly. The customer surveys may provide some additional insight on the lead time of their projects, but stocking influence scores are established in the distributor interviews. The customer survey instrument will be drafted for review by the HVAC PCG and scoring will be outlined in the overall memo for the NTG analysis. 4.8.3 Establish Market Share Tracking The effort will further explore a market share tracking system for HVAC units. A system was proposed in the 2010 12 HVAC Market Effects Baseline study. This section of the plan provides a summary of what was proposed and additional details will be outlined in a memo. Itron has been selected to conduct this activity, which includes further scoping and initial set up. A system would not be in place in time to be used for this evaluation, but groundwork can be established and this effort may be appropriate to get underway to support evaluations of PY 2015 or 2016. In Proposed System for Tracking Market Shares of Energy-Efficient HVAC Equipment, NMR outlined a system for reporting of market share and sales of EE HVAC equipment. To do this, NMR interviewed eight HVAC distributors to identify the distributors with the highest market share and to determine the level of consolidation in the market. NMR also looked at the Energy Center of Wisconsin s Furnace and AC Tracking System (FACTS) that included quarterly data from 12 distributors from 1997 to 2011. NMR s proposed system is modeled after FACTS. Distributor Interviews: Of the six distributors interviewed by NMR, two said that market share information would be helpful and that they would provide the requested information. One distributor said it would likely participate, one said maybe and two said it would be unlikely they would participate. Since the NMR interviews there has been additional work by the IOU program staff related to programmatic efforts and the IOUs were not engaged in the NMR process. Procedures: The proposed market share tracking system for California would track residential and commercial sales as follows: Number of all packaged and split equipment units sold Number of air-cooled, three-phase packaged and split units sold by efficiency level Number of single-phase, air-cooled packaged and split equipment units sold by efficiency level Number of water source heat pumps and/or water/evaporative cooled air conditioners sold by efficiency level Number of ductless mini-split equipment units sold by efficiency level 4-16 June 24, 2015
Number of larger VRF units sold by efficiency level Distributors will provide data quarterly. The data provided would include the product number of the units sold, the number of units for each product code, and the zip code where the units were shipped. The distributor data could then be aggregated to regions of interest. FACTS aggregated data to the county level, but in California it may make more sense to have five regions with aggregated CZs. NMR notes that distributors may be hesitant to participate, and it might be most effective to visit distributors in person, ideally with the IOU program representative. Distributors should be assured that their data is confidential and will not have their company name attached to it. The following items should be developed before the distributors are contacted: A confidentiality agreement Data collection form with online submittal option (fields include model number, number of units shipped, date and zip code units shipped to) Example graphs and reports to show distributors what to expect from the quarterly reports Estimated set up time: The setup cost is based on the number of hours required to set up the FACTS system in Wisconsin and noting that the planned interviews about market structure can be integrated with the effort to setup ongoing tracking. The task would also engage the Commercial Market Share Tracking team from 2010 12 as many of them have been doing measure share tracking for several years. The following estimates are noted from the FACTS system used in Wisconsin: 800 hours to set up the initial system and recruit distributors. This doesn t include the hours of IOU representatives. This is the only task budgeted as part of the Upstream evaluation. 100 hours per quarter to collect the data and perform the analyses. One hundred hours per year for project development (e.g., contacting new distributors). The effort in this evaluation will be to perform the initial setup and funding for the ongoing effort needs that will be identified. At a minimum the task will come up with new estimates of costs based on the experience gained through the setup process. 4.9 Reporting The analytic findings will be assembled into a Draft Final Report that will be circulated for comment among the stakeholders. A Final Report will be prepared after the comments are received and reviewed. DNV GL will work with the CPUC to develop a review process that 4-17 June 24, 2015
balances the need to give reviews adequate review time against the need to finalize the report in a timely manner. The research team will prepare a final report that will be submitted in the first quarter of 2016 covering the 2013 14 program years. The report will contain the details of the findings of the program evaluation. ESPI memos will be provided for mini-split measures in February 2015 for PY 2013 and December 2015 for PY 2014. 4-18 June 24, 2015
5 Project Guidance and Protocols 5.1 Safety Safety is at the very core of DNV GL. Our Global Purpose is to safeguard life, property and the environment. Any project or activity involving field work escalates risk. To mitigate risk DNV GL requires business line managers, project managers, contractor representatives, and all affected employees to complete the Job Safety and Environmental Analysis (JSEA) prior to undertaking field work. The JSEA serves as a template to identify risks associated with any tasks to be completed in the field. It also provides a means of documenting the field task procedure, risk mitigation strategies, required tools and PPE, and any required authorizations, permits, or forms. One of the forms is the Energized Electrical Form. Whenever a field task involves work on exposed energized conductors over 50 volts, a DNV GL Qualified Electrical Worker (QEW) will be required to perform that task. In the event the task is to be completed by a subcontractor of DNV GL the subcontractor is expected to provide its qualified electrical workers training comparable to that outlined in the DNV GL Energy Advisory Qualified Electrical Worker Program. The DNV GL QEW program is designed to be consistent with OSHA standards 29CFR1910.269 and 29CFR1910.339 as well as the 2012 edition of the NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace. 5.2 Quality Control (QC) and Review DNV GL considers project management to be the process of meeting established goals regarding technical scope, schedule and budget by managing risks, uncertainties, expectations, constraints and resources in the planning and execution of sponsored contract work. QC for projects in each of these areas is an essential goal in all of our project management policies and practices. To ensure that each task and project is completed within budget, on time and meeting the required scope, DNV GL uses project management techniques, tools and controls based on the Project Management Body of Knowledge, as published by the Project Management Institute (PMI). 5.2.1 Recruiting End Users for Site Inspections Recruiting end users (non-residential recipients of the rebated equipment) presents a unique challenge for the evaluation team and the recruitment approach cannot be treated the same way that an evaluator would recruit for a downstream rebate customer. To start the conversation, end users will need to be informed the recently installed equipment was part of a buy-down program and explain these programs are funded thought public purpose dollars which must be verified on a sample of paid projects. End users, recipients of rebated equipment, have no direct contractual obligation to participate, as such, it may be necessary to enlist scheduling support and cooperation from the IOU account manager and from the distributor who sold the 5-19 June 24, 2015
equipment in order to reduce non-response bias and refusals and possibly provide some form of incentive if possible. DNV GL recommends all participant distributors be made aware of the end user inspection processes via the IOUs program manager or implementer. This approach will be used to obtain assistance in reaching customers or scheduling site inspections. One challenge for the recruitment activities is we may not be able to verify with customers on the phone that there was any new equipment installed. These outcomes will be closely monitored and reported as part of the verification rate. For sites where DNV GL is able to verify equipment was installed and successfully recruit customers, the evaluation team will request access to the rebated equipment to complete the inspection processes. At the site we will confirm that names, addresses, equipment size and installation date (if any) match tracking data. Recruiters will confirm travel logistics, check for access clearance for site security and gather any other information that will help ensure the appointment times can be met. Essentially, recruiters will confirm that this site is qualified and that reaching the site will hold no surprises. 5.2.2 On-Site Data Collection On-site data will be collected via the tablet described in section 4.6.1. The nameplate data will be entered directly into an electronic data collection tablet and the field staff will also take a photograph of the nameplate. The essential quality control step will be a comparison of the information on the photograph with the entered data. The comparison will be made by another party, not the site inspector. Referencing the nameplate data against manufacturer specifications provides additional quality control. Field staff will be encouraged and expected to consult with senior technical advisors immediately whenever unexpected, unusual or potentially dangerous situations arise. 5-20 June 24, 2015
6 Reporting Deliverables 6.1 Timeline Figure 1 shows the date ranges for project activities which have already occurred. Figure 1: Calendar Year 2014 Timeline Task ID Task 001 Task 002 Task 003 Task 004 Task 005 Task 006 TasK 007 Task 008 Task 009 Task 010 Task Name HVAC PCG Reporting, Admin, and QC Research Plan Mini Split Literature Review Mini Split Survey/2013 ESPI Reporting Metering Pilot Measurement & Verification Analysis NTG/Market Assessment Reporting 2014 ESPI Reporting & Contingency 2014 Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec An interim report for the 2013 ESPI mini-split measure was drafted in February 2015. This draft report was made available to the CPUC and their consultants for comments and suggestions. These comments were due in April and the draft was revised as needed. Following this, the draft report was submitted to the IOUs for their comments. After the IOU comments were received the report was revised as needed. After this revision, the reportwill go through a comment period for public review followed by the final round of revisions. Each comment period will last for two weeks. CPUC Energy Division (ED) consultants will join the evaluation team in reviewing comments and shaping the report throughout the analysis, report drafting, and comment processes. Figure 2: Calendar Year 2015 16 Timeline Task ID Task 001 Task 002 Task 003 Task 004 Task 005 Task 006 TasK 007 Task 008 Task 009 Task 010 Task Name HVAC PCG Reporting, Admin, and QC Research Plan Mini Split Literature Review Mini Split Survey/2013 ESPI Reporting Metering Pilot Measurement & Verification Analysis NTG/Market Assessment Reporting 2014 ESPI Reporting & Contingency 2015 2016 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar 6-21 June 24, 2015
6.2 Progress and Status Updates Summaries of the project s progress will be provided monthly. Summaries will include descriptions of changes to this research plan and other project documentation including progress updates for survey, metering pilot and verification tasks. 6.3 Report The research team will prepare two ESPI memos and one final 2013 14 report as follows: The 2013 ESPI measure memo submitted for the ED to review February 2015. The report will contain the details of the 2013 mini split ESPI measure findings. The 2014 ESPI measure memo will be submitted for the ED to review November 2015. The report will contain the details of the 2014 mini split ESPI measure findings. The overall 2013 14 program evaluation report draft will prepared January 2016 for the ED to review Once comments have been received a draft will be circulated to ED consultants and IOUs for comments. Once comments have been received from all stakeholders the research team will deliver the Final Report. The deliverables process for this task will include the following steps. Outline of the draft report for review and approval by ED representatives. Prepare a draft report for review by ED and IOUs. Document and respond to ED, IOU and stakeholder comments. DNV GL will review ED comments on the draft and prepare a matrix of proposed responses and revisions. We will review the response matrix with ED representatives and consultants and arrive at accepted revisions to be made to the document. Revise the Draft Final Report. DNV GL will implement the agreed-upon revisions in the Draft Final Report. 6-22 June 24, 2015
7 Work Order Task Descriptions and Budgets 7.1 Task 1: HVAC PCG Reporting, Project Administration and QC ($125,000) Under the direct supervision of the Prime Contractor Project Sponsor and Project Manager, staff will support the Prime Contractor Project Management Team with reporting to the HVAC PCG, and provide general project administration and quality control of all tasks and deliverables: Provide regular status updates for the HVAC PCG and PSR website Perform invoicing, progress reports, subcontracts, and project budget control Ensure adherence to quality standards of all analysis and reporting Technical writing support 7.2 Task 2: Develop Upstream HVAC Research Plan ($180,000) Under the direct supervision of the Prime Contractor Project Manager, staff will support the Prime Contractor Project Management Team with evaluation planning general start-up activities and administration including, but not limited to: Attending project kick-off meeting with ED staff and other ED contractors Developing detailed Upstream HVAC Research, M&V, and Analysis Plans Performing tasks involved in the development and management of the research plan and future work orders, including review and comment by the IOUs and stakeholders 7.3 Task 3: Mini-Split Evaluability Assessment Literature Review ($45,000) The goal of this task is to ascertain the current understanding mini-split, multi-splits and VRF systems. It is unknown if mini-split systems are added as new, are replacing existing mini-splits, or are replacing existing traditional HVAC systems in the Commercial Upstream program. Additionally, most data from the field focuses on mini-split systems that are commonly replacing resistance heaters in the Northwest, which is not likely the same application as minisplits being installed for cooling in California. Program manager interviews for basic characterization of systems included in programs Literature review and summary report within one month of work order authorization 7-1 June 24, 2015
7.4 Task 4: Mini-Split Evaluability Assessment Surveys to Determine Replacement Baseline/ 2013 ESPI Mini Split Measure ($100,000) Under the direct supervision of the Prime Contractor Project Manager, staff will support the Prime Contractor Project Management Team with development and fielding of a survey (telephone with possible supplements such as online) Design a survey to investigate the replaced equipment and applications for mini-splits Add a summary of survey results and conclusions to the literature review summary to complete the evaluability assessment 2013 ESPI measure analysis 2013 ESPI measure reporting 7.5 Task 5: Metering Pilot ($300,000) The proposed approach is to conduct a metering pilot to determine if field measurement can provided installed performance measurement for ex post evaluation based on comparison to direct end use meters with remote communications. Install remote metering at sites with multiple units Use two different metering suites to evaluate remote communication reliability 7.6 Task 6 Measurement and Verification ($650,000) This task is budgeted, but authorization to proceed requires completion of Task 2: Develop Upstream HVAC Research Plan. The EM&V task will inspect a statistical sample of upstream installation, take instantaneous measurements, short term metering, and compare the site findings against program tracking data. Upstream installations and associated characteristics at 283 sampled locations will be verified. Site finding will be compared against program data. 7.7 Task 7: Analysis ($100,000) DEER-based Estimates for Tier 1 and 2 Rooftop Package and Split Systems: The IOU workpapers are based on DEER estimates and the analysis of these units savings can be solely focused on modifying the operating parameters measured during site visits. The analysis is based on the operating parameters for the newly installed unit and those inputs will be the same 7-2 June 24, 2015
for the measure and baseline case. If the installed unit efficiency deviates from the claim the measure will be reassigned and the difference will be part of the installation rate. IEER for Higher-Tier Units the IOU workpapers combine DEER 2011 estimates and additional adjustments based on the unit s rated Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio (IEER). 7.8 Task 8: NTG/Market Assessment ($200,000) The net to gross analysis includes three efforts intended to support acceptance of estimates developed in 2010 12 or modify those estimates based on a better understanding of the market for package and split systems. The mini-split, VRF and chiller measures were not a focus of the 2010 12 market actor interviews and require specific interviews of participating distributors. The efforts under this plan are: Review of secondary sources for market share information attributable to the Upstream program, Market actor interviews focused on market structure for all units and program influence for mini-split, VRF and chiller measures, and Establish a foundation for ongoing market share tracking. 7.9 Task 9: Reporting ($150,000) The final report deliverable will cover evaluation findings for the 2013 14 programs begin evaluated. The draft report will be provided to ED to review late January 2016. 7.10 Task 10: 2014 ESPI Contingency ($100,000) The current tasks for mini-split, multi-split, and VRF will create deliverables that are reviewed by the IOUs and public and those results will help shape the definition of the most critical data needed for updating the measure savings. This task is set up to fund field measurement and data analysis not supported by Tasks 6 and 7 that would focus solely on the ESPI measures. Given the savings of these measures are much smaller than the rooftop and split and chiller measures these measures are not included in the primary sample design. Once the primary samples are drawn the locations will be reviewed for the presence of ESPI measures. M&V for the ESPI measures will take into consideration the cost benefits of convenience sampling by only adding the incremental cost to add mini-split and VRF M&V to sites selected already for primary M&V. If there is little population and sample overlap it will reduce the achievable sample and the perunit M&V will need to be revisited. The scope of this task will be fully defined following the finalization of the 2013 ESPI process and primary 2013 14 sample design. 7-3 June 24, 2015
7.11 Budget The evaluation has a two-year budget of $1, 950,000. Table 11: Budget T ask T ask Nam e T otal 1 Status reporting, Adm in, QC $1 25,000 2 Research Plan $1 80,000 3 Literature Rev iew $45,000 Mini Split Survey s/2013 ESPI 4 Reporting $1 00,000 5 Metering Pilot $300,000 6 Measurem ent & Verification $650,000 7 Analy sis $1 00,000 8 NT G/Market Assessm ent $200,000 9 Reporting $1 50,000 10 2014 ESPI/Contigency $1 00,000 T OT AL $1,950,000 Table 11 shows the task level budgets for developing a research plan, conducting a mini-split, multi-split and VRF system literature review, a market survey, a metering pilot and a large-scale data collection effort to evaluate the 2013 14 program years of upstream measures. Table 11: Budget T ask T ask Nam e T otal 1 Status reporting, Adm in, QC $1 25,000 2 Research Plan $1 80,000 3 Literature Rev iew $45,000 Mini Split Survey s/2013 ESPI 4 Reporting $1 00,000 5 Metering Pilot $300,000 6 Measurem ent & Verification $650,000 7 Analy sis $1 00,000 8 NT G/Market Assessm ent $200,000 9 Reporting $1 50,000 10 2014 ESPI/Contigency $1 00,000 T OT AL $1,950,000 7-4 June 24, 2015
8 Glossary AC AMI C&I CPUC CTZ DEER EER EE Task EMS ESPI EUL ex ante ex post FCM HTSDA HVAC IOU JSEA kw kwh M&V MBSS NTG PCG PG&E PMI PPE PTHP PSR QC air conditioning advanced metering infrastructure Commercial and Industrial California Public Utilities Commission California Thermal Zone Database for Energy Efficiency Resources Energy efficiency ratio Energy efficiency task Energy management system Energy savings performance index effective useful life before the program evaluation after the program evaluation forward capacity market HVAC Technology Systems and Diagnostics Advocacy heating, ventilation and air conditioning investor-owned utility Job Safety and Environmental Analysis Kilowatt kilowatt hour measurement & verification model-based statistical sampling net-to-gross Project Coordination Group Pacific Gas & Electric Project Management Institute personal protective equipment packaged terminal heat pump Project Status Reporting Quality control 8-5 June 24, 2015
QEW SCE SDG&E therms WO Qualified Electrical Worker Southern California Edison San Diego Gas & Electric A unit of heat equivalent to 100,000 British thermal units work order 8-6 June 24, 2015
9 Appendices 9.1 Upstream 2013 14 Population by Measure Name The following tables show 2013 14 upstream population for each IOU by the unique measure names found in the 2013 14 tracking data. The measure names are exactly as they appear in the tracking databases received. Table 12: SDG&E Commercial Deemed Program Upstream Activity by Measure Name Measure Name 2013 14 Claims kw First Year kwh COMMERCIAL PACKAGED ECONOMIZER RETROFIT-UP STREAM 7 0.2 31,620 PKG AC 135-239K EER=11.5-UP STREAM 5 2.5 4,774 PKG AC 135-239K EER=12.0-UP STREAM 2 1.3 3,200 PKG AC 65-89K EER=12.0-UP STREAM 2 0.8 1,614 PKG AC 90-134K EER=11.5-UP STREAM 1 0.6 694 PKG AC 90-134K EER=12.0 ER-UP STREAM 1 3.1 8,040 PKG AC 90-134K EER=12.0-UP STREAM 13 7.9 12,814 PKG AC <65K SINGLE PHASE SEER = 14.0-UP STREAM 6 0.8 2,428 PKG AC <65K THREE PHASE SEER = 14.0-UP STREAM 4 1.1 3,038 PKG AC OR HP <65K SINGLE PHASE SEER = 15.0 OR 12.5 EER-UP STREAM 35 10.4 34,320 PKG AC OR HP <65K SINGLE PHASE SEER = 16.0 OR 13 EER-UP STREAM 15 4.2 17,780 9-1 June 24, 2015
Measure Name 2013 14 Claims kw First Year kwh PKG HP 240-759K EER=10.5-UP STREAM 5 17.7 21,582 PKG HP <65K THREE PHASE SEER = 14.0-UP STREAM 4 1.1 2,226 SPLIT AC <65K SINGLE PHASE SEER = 14.0-UP STREAM 1 0.1 392 Grand Total 101 51.7 144,522 Table 13: SCE Commercial Upstream Program Activity by Measure Name Measure Name 2013-14 Claims kw First Year kwh 10.07 EER OR 14.29 IPLV AIR COOLED TIER 1 CHILLER 55 277.0 3,771,244 10.90 EER OR 15.00 IPLV AIR COOLED TIER 2 CHILLER 61 448.6 7,805,597 11.50 EER OR 16.00 IPLV AIR COOLED TIER 3 CHILLER 20 473.2 4,645,743 135-240 KBTU/HR 11.5 EER OR 12.3 IEER AIR SOURCE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 22 29.2 123,847 135-240 KBTU/HR 12 EER OR 13 IEER AIR SOURCE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 218 407.4 1,412,892 135-240 KBTU/HR 12.5 EER OR 13.6 IEER AIR SOURCE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 100 222.6 1,234,587 135-240 KBTU/HR 13 EER OR 15.2 IEER AIR SOURCE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 15 83.3 501,534 135-240 KBTU/HR 14.0 EER WATER-SOURCE HEAT PUMP 2 1.8 4,001 150-299 TONS - IPLV <= 0.502 - FL <= 0.718 (TIER 1) HIGH EFFICIENCY WATER-COOLED VARIABLE OR CONST 4 54.5 207,325 150-299 TONS BETTER THAN T24 BY 28% TO 38% (TIER 2) HIGH EFFICIENCY WATER-COOLED VARIABLE SPEED CE 5 74.7 249,859 150-299 TONS BETTER THAN T24 BY AT LEAST 15% (TIER 1) HIGH EFFICIENCY WATER-COOLED CONSTANT SPEED 1 20.5 59,085 9-2 June 24, 2015
Measure Name 2013-14 Claims kw First Year kwh 150-299 TONS BETTER THAN T24 BY AT LEAST 38% (TIER 3) HIGH EFFICIENCY WATER-COOLED VARIABLE SPEED 21 515.9 1,543,642 240-760 KBTU/HR 10.5 EER OR 11.1 IEER AIR SOURCE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 41 145.9 469,614 240-760 KBTU/HR 10.8 EER OR 12 IEER AIR SOURCE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 152 518.7 4,253,424 240-760 KBTU/HR 11.1 EER OR 13.1 IEER AIR SOURCE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 66 205.0 2,459,898 5.4 UP TO 11.3 TON 14 EER PACKAGE/SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER CONDENSER 3 5.1 7,814 65-135 KBTU/HR 11.5 EER OR 12.8 IEER AIR SOURCE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 376 483.6 1,124,492 65-135 KBTU/HR 12 EER OR 13.8 IEER AIR SOURCE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 853 1,279.4 2,788,518 65-135 KBTU/HR 12.5 EER OR 14.8 IEER AIR SOURCE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 166 386.7 602,575 65-135 KBTU/HR 13 EER OR 17 IEER AIR SOURCE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 9 27.5 41,583 65-135 KBTU/HR 14.0 EER WATER-SOURCE HEAT PUMP 9 28.2 63,912 < 150 TONS - IPLV <= 0.541 - FL <= 0.790 (TIER 1) HIGH EFFICIENCY WATER-COOLED VARIABLE OR CONSTANT 4 35.3 133,531 < 5.4 TON 14 EER PACKAGE/SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER CONDENSER 15 4.2 7,898 < 5.4 TON 15 EER PACKAGE/SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER CONDENSER 12 5.5 10,345 < 5.4 TON 16 EER PACKAGE/SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER CONDENSER 2 2.1 3,908 <24 KBTU/HR 16 SEER DUCTLESS AC DX EQUIPMENT REPLACING 13 SEER AC 60 13.5 27,715 <24 KBTU/HR 19 SEER DUCTLESS AC DX EQUIPMENT REPLACING 13 SEER AC 173 47.1 110,700 <65 KBTU/HR 14.0 SEER (12.15 EER) PACKAGE SYSTEM HEAT PUMP DX EQUIPMENT 7 2.2 2,742 <65 KBTU/HR 14.0 SEER (12.15 EER) SPLIT SYSTEM HEAT PUMP DX EQUIPMENT 1 0.8 1,539 9-3 June 24, 2015
Measure Name 2013-14 Claims kw First Year kwh <65 KBTU/HR 15.0 SEER (12.00 EER) UNITARY AIR COOLED DX EQUIPMENT REPLACING 13 SEER AC 66 49.1 421,795 <65 KBTU/HR 15.0 SEER (12.70 EER) PACKAGE SYSTEM HEAT PUMP DX EQUIPMENT 22 23.4 27,784 <65 KBTU/HR 16 SEER MINI-SPLIT HEAT PUMP DX EQUIPMENT REPLACING SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER 44 4.4 33,180 <65 KBTU/HR 16 SEER MULTI-SPLIT HEAT PUMP DX EQUIPMENT REPLACING SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER 12 1.9 13,521 <65 KBTU/HR 16.0 SEER (12.40 EER) UNITARY AIR COOLED DX EQUIPMENT REPLACING 13 SEER AC 78 89.3 572,141 <65 KBTU/HR 17.0 SEER (13.00 EER) UNITARY AIR COOLED DX EQUIPMENT REPLACING 13 SEER AC 76 93.1 675,290 <65 KBTU/HR 19 SEER MINI-SPLIT HEAT PUMP DX EQUIPMENT REPLACING SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER 101 25.6 159,108 <65 KBTU/HR 22 SEER MINI-SPLIT HEAT PUMP DX EQUIPMENT REPLACING SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER 16 11.0 107,786 <65KBTU/HR 14 SEER (11.6 EER/12 EER) HEAT PUMP 38 6.3 10,186 <65KBTU/HR 14 SEER (11.6 EER/12 EER) PACKAGE/SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 131 53.7 176,547 <65KBTU/HR 14.0 EER WATER-SOURCE HEAT PUMP 45 31.9 72,036 <65KBTU/HR 15 SEER (12 EER/12.5 EER) HEAT PUMP 68 42.5 67,253 <65KBTU/HR 15 SEER (12 EER/12.5 EER) PACKAGE/SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 80 52.1 258,524 <65KBTU/HR 15.0 EER WATER-SOURCE HEAT PUMP 36 27.0 61,151 <65KBTU/HR 16 SEER (12.4 EER/13 EER) HEAT PUMP 136 48.9 112,249 <65KBTU/HR 16 SEER (12.4 EER/13 EER) PACKAGE/SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 254 100.3 691,075 9-4 June 24, 2015
Measure Name 2013-14 Claims kw First Year kwh <65KBTU/HR 16.0 EER WATER-SOURCE HEAT PUMP 15 12.9 29,214 <65KBTU/HR 17 SEER (13 EER/13.5 EER) HEAT PUMP 53 73.6 169,955 <65KBTU/HR 17 SEER (13 EER/13.5 EER) PACKAGE/SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 334 256.4 1,620,365 = 20 TON 13 EER PACKAGE/SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER CONDENSER 4 20.6 30,660 =760 KBTU/HR 10 EER OR 10.9 IEER AIR SOURCE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 4 13.5 33,134 =760 KBTU/HR 10.2 EER OR 12.8 IEER AIR SOURCE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 14 93.2 1,309,470 =760 KBTU/HR 10.4 EER OR 14 IEER AIR SOURCE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER DX EQUIPMENT 18 49.2 2,161,017 >240 KBTU/HR 13.0 EER WATER-SOURCE HEAT PUMP 1 5.4 12,285 >= 300 TONS BETTER THAN T24 BY 20% TO 28% (TIER 1) HIGH EFFICIENCY WATER-COOLED VARIABLE SPEED CENTR 5 151.0 741,809 >= 300 TONS BETTER THAN T24 BY 28% TO 38% (TIER 2) HIGH EFFICIENCY WATER-COOLED VARIABLE SPEED CENTR 24 891.1 2,765,683 >= 300 TONS BETTER THAN T24 BY AT LEAST 20% (TIER 1) HIGH EFFICIENCY WATER-COOLED CONSTANT SPEED CEN 2 83.9 287,221 >= 300 TONS BETTER THAN T24 BY AT LEAST 38% (TIER 3) HIGH EFFICIENCY WATER-COOLED VARIABLE SPEED CEN 32 1,897.1 6,150,768 >= 65 KBTU/HR VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW HEAT PUMP DX EQUIPMENT REPLACING PACKAGE VARIABLE AIR VOLUME 2 1.4 20,785 >= 65 KBTU/HR VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW HEAT PUMP DX EQUIPMENT REPLACING SINGLE ZONE PACKAGE AC 63 650.7 1,349,869 >= 65 KBTU/HR VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW HEAT RECOVERY DX EQUIPMENT REPLACING PACKAGE VARIABLE AIR VO 17 28.9 348,068 >= 65 KBTU/HR VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW HEAT RECOVERY DX EQUIPMENT REPLACING SINGLE ZONE PACKAGE AC 90 972.6 2,013,239 9-5 June 24, 2015
Measure Name 2013-14 Claims kw First Year kwh AIR CONDITIONER WITH EVAPORATIVELY COOLED CONDENSER 44 50.3 31,169 Grand Total 4,398 11,711.8 56,203,901 Table 14: PG&E Non-Residential HVAC Upstream Activity by Measure Name Measure Name 2013-14 Claims kw First Year kwh 14 SEER/11.6 EER PKG AND 12 EER SPLIT AIRCOOLED COMM HEAT PUMP <65 KBTU/HR 261 7.6 17,878 14.0 SEER (11.6 EER) PKG AND (12.0 EER) SPLIT AIR COOLED COM AC <65 KBTU/H 183 23.3 91,607 14.0 SEER/11.6 EER PKG+12.0 EE SPLIT AIR COOL COM AIR COND UNIT<65KBTUH-1PH 16 - - 15 SEER/12 EER PKG AND 12.5 EER SPLIT AIRCOOLED COMM HEAT PUMP <65 KBTU/HR 10 - - 15.0 SEER (12.0 EER) PKG AND (12.5 EER) SPLIT AIR COOLED COM AC <65 KBTU/H 37 4.8 34,650 15.0 SEER (12.0 EER) PKG AND (12.5 EER) SPLIT AIR COOLED COM AC <65 KBTU/H 142 - - 16.0 SEER (12.4 EER) PKG AND (13.0 EER) SPLIT AIR COOLED COM AC <65 KBTU/H 168 11.4 91,108 16.0 SEER (12.4 EER) PKG AND (13.0 EER) SPLIT AIR COOLED COM AC <65 KBTU/H 505 - - 16.0 SEER (12.4 EER) PKG AND (13.0 EER) SPLIT AIR COOLED COM HP <65 KBTU/H 23 1.6 3,097 16.0 SEER (12.4 EER) PKG AND (13.0 EER) SPLIT AIR COOLED COM HP <65 KBTU/H 23 - - 17 SEER/13 EER PKG AND 13.5 EER SPLIT AIRCOOLED COMM AC UNITS <65 KBTU/HR 228 36.9 285,738 17 SEER/13 EER PKG AND 13.5 EER SPLIT AIRCOOLED COMM AC UNITS <65 KBTU/HR 563 - - 17 SEER/13 EER PKG AND 13.5 EER SPLIT AIRCOOLED COMM HEAT PUMP <65 KBTU/HR 9 1.8 5,811 9-6 June 24, 2015
Measure Name 2013-14 Claims kw First Year kwh 17 SEER/13 EER PKG AND 13.5 EER SPLIT AIRCOOLED COMM HEAT PUMP <65 KBTU/HR 30 - - HVAC_VARIABLE_REFRIG_FLOW_HEAT_PUMP >=_ 80_TONS 33 42.0 193,808 HVAC_VARIABLE_REFRIG_FLOW_HEAT_PUMP_<_80_ TONS 149 187.1 420,414 HVAC_VARIABLE_REFRIG_FLOW_HEAT_RECOVERY_ >=_ 80_TONS 349 489.0 1,922,677 HVAC_VARIABLE_REFRIG_FLOW_HEAT_RECOVERY_ <_80_TONS 272 342.2 715,445 PACKAGE CHILLER - TIER 1 - AIR COOLED 47 84.7 1,405,725 PACKAGE CHILLER - TIER 1 - AIR COOLED 1 - - PACKAGE CHILLER - TIER 2 - AIR COOLED 80 165.8 3,470,644 PACKAGE CHILLER-TIER 3-AIR COOLED 23 142.2 1,426,310 PKG-SPLIT WATER COOLED HP <65KBTU/H 14.0 EER- SINGLE/3-PHASE EQUIP 65 26.5 52,396 PKG-SPLIT WATER COOLED HP <65KBTU/H 14.0 EER- SINGLE/3-PHASE EQUIP 94 - - PKG-SPLIT WATER COOLED HP <65KBTU/H 15.0 EER- SINGLE/3-PHASE EQUIP 34 18.4 36,023 PKG-SPLIT WATER COOLED HP <65KBTU/H 15.0 EER- SINGLE/3-PHASE EQUIP 106 - - PKG-SPLIT WATER COOLED HP <65KBTU/H 16.0 EER- SINGLE/3-PHASE EQUIP 39 25.9 51,126 PKG-SPLIT WATER COOLED HP <65KBTU/H 16.0 EER- SINGLE/3-PHASE EQUIP 220 - - PKG-SPLIT WATER COOLED HP >= 135 KBTU/H & <240 KBTU/H 14 EER-SINGLE/3-PHASE 2 3.4 6,811 PKG-SPLIT WATER COOLED HP >= 135 KBTU/H & <240 KBTU/H 14 EER-SINGLE/3-PHASE 5 - - PKG-SPLIT WATER COOLED HP >= 240 KBTU/H 13.0 EER-SINGLE OR 3-PHASE 1 - - 9-7 June 24, 2015
Measure Name 2013-14 Claims kw First Year kwh PKG-SPLIT WATER COOLED HP >=65 KBTU/H AND <135 KBTU/H 14 EER-SINGLE/3-PHASE 14 10.9 21,523 PKG-SPLIT WATER COOLED HP >=65 KBTU/H AND <135 KBTU/H 14 EER-SINGLE/3-PHASE 27 - - PKG-SPLIT WATER/EVAP COOLED 135-240 KBTU TIER II 1 - - PKG-SPLIT WATER/EVAP COOLED >=240 KBTU TIER I 13 81.4 30,532 UNITARY AIR COOLED 135-239KBTU/H 11.5 EER OR 12.3 IEER 25 10.7 38,037 UNITARY AIR COOLED 135-239KBTU/H 12.0 EER OR 13.0 IEER 269 233.1 823,250 UNITARY AIR COOLED 135-239KBTU/H 12.5 EER OR 13.6 IEER 171 145.3 735,000 UNITARY AIR COOLED 135-239KBTU/H 12.5 EER OR 13.6 IEER 2 - - UNITARY AIR COOLED 135-239KBTU/H 13.0 EER OR 15.2 IEER 33 51.7 283,706 UNITARY AIR COOLED 240-759KBTU/H 10.5 EER OR 11.1 IEER 72 126.3 319,846 UNITARY AIR COOLED 240-759KBTU/H 10.5 EER OR 11.1 IEER 2 - - UNITARY AIR COOLED 240-759KBTU/H 10.8 EER OR 12.0 IEER 198 231.8 1,588,079 UNITARY AIR COOLED 240-759KBTU/H 10.8 EER OR 12.0 IEER 7 - - UNITARY AIR COOLED 240-759KBTU/H 11.1 EER OR 13.1 IEER 167 273.2 2,497,791 UNITARY AIR COOLED 65-134KBTU/H 11.5 EER OR 12.8 IEER 364 215.1 458,618 UNITARY AIR COOLED 65-134KBTU/H 11.5 EER OR 12.8 IEER 7 - - UNITARY AIR COOLED 65-134KBTU/H 12.0 EER OR 13.8 IEER 630 411.3 810,471 UNITARY AIR COOLED 65-134KBTU/H 12.0 EER OR 13.8 IEER 5 - - 9-8 June 24, 2015
Measure Name 2013-14 Claims kw First Year kwh UNITARY AIR COOLED 65-134KBTU/H 12.5 EER OR 14.8 IEER 372 416.9 494,166 UNITARY AIR COOLED 65-134KBTU/H 12.5 EER OR 14.8 IEER 1 - - UNITARY AIR COOLED 65-134KBTU/H 13.0 EER OR 17.0 IEER 39 57.5 55,970 UNITARY AIR COOLED GT760KBTU/H 10.0 EER OR 10.9 IEER 5 10.1 18,000 UNITARY AIR COOLED GT760KBTU/H 10.2 EER OR 12.8 IEER 6 15.8 125,826 UNITARY AIR COOLED GT760KBTU/H 10.4 EER OR 14.0 IEER 44 106.9 2,980,699 Grand Total 6,192 4,012.6 21,512,783 9-9 June 24, 2015
9.2 Data Collection Forms Table 15 shows the data entry fields for site-level information; Table 16 shows the fields for unitspecific data. SiteID Table 15: Site Information Field Description Notes Site ID Address1 Address Line 1 Address2 Address Line 2 City Zip PrimaryContactName City Zip PrimaryContactPhone1 Phone 1 PrimaryContactPhone2 Phone 2 PrimaryContactEmail BuildingType VisitDate VisitTime SpecialInstructions VisitComments Primary Contact Email Building Type Date of Visit Time of Visit Special Instructions for Visit Comments HolidayNYE Closed for New Year s Eve Checkbox HolidayNYD Closed for New Year s Day Checkbox HolidayMLK Closed for Dr. Martin Luther King Day Select from list of DEER building types Checkbox HolidayPresidentsDay Closed for Presidents Day Checkbox HolidayStPatricksDay Closed for St. Patrick s Day Checkbox HolidayPatriotsDay Closed for Patriots Day Checkbox HolidayEasterSunday Closed for Easter Sunday Checkbox HolidayGoodFriday Closed for Good Friday Checkbox HolidayMemorialDay Closed for Memorial Day Checkbox HolidayFlagDay Closed for Flag Day Checkbox HolidayIndependenceDay Closed for Independence Day Checkbox 9-10 June 24, 2015
Field Description Notes HolidayLaborDay Closed for Labor Day Checkbox HolidayColumbusDay Closed for Columbus Day Checkbox HolidayVeteransDay Closed for Veterans Day Checkbox HolidayThanksgiving Closed for Thanksgiving Checkbox HolidayThanksgivingFriday Closed for Thanksgiving Friday Checkbox HolidayChristmasEve Closed for Christmas Eve Checkbox HolidayChristmas Closed for Christmas Checkbox HolidayOther WeekdayBusHourStart WeekdayBusHourEnd WeekendBusHourStart WeekendBusHourEnd HolidayBusHourStart HolidayBusHourEnd Closed for Other Holiday (list in Comments field) Weekday Opening Time Weekday Closing Time Weekend Opening Time Weekend Closing Time Holiday Opening Time Holiday Closing Time Checkbox Table 16: HVAC Unit Information SiteID UnitNo UnitNotes SpaceOccType ServedArea NameplatePhoto UnitType HeatCapOut HeatCapIn Field Description Notes Site ID Unit Number Comments Space Type Area Served (sq.ft.) Photo of Equipment Nameplate Unit Type Heat output Heat input Select From list of space occupancy types Select from packaged gas/elect, packaged HP, packaged elect/elect, other HeatMeasType Heating Units of Measure Select from kw, kbtu HeatEfficiency Heating Efficiency (if found) 9-11 June 24, 2015
Field Description Notes HeatEfficiencyUnits Efficiency Type Select from AFUE, HSPF, COP Refrigerant Refrigerant Type Select from R-22, R-410a, Other UnitMfgr UnitModelNo UnitSerialNo Compressor1RLA Compressor2RLA Compressor3RLA CondenserFan1FLA CondenserFan1HP CondenserFan2FLA CondenserFan2HP CondenserFan3FLA CondenserFan3HP SupplyFan1FLA SupplyFan1HP SupplyFan2FLA SupplyFan2HP SupplyFan3FLA SupplyFan3HP ReturnFan1FLA ReturnFan1HP ReturnFan2FLA ReturnFan2HP ExhaustFan1HP ExhaustFan2HP SupplyVoltage YearManufactured CoolingCapacity FactoryCharge Manufacturer Model Number (include spaces and dashes) Serial Number (include spaces and dashes) Compressor #1 RLA Compressor #2 RLA Compressor #3 RLA Condenser Fan #1 FLA Condenser Fan #1 HP Condenser Fan #2 FLA Condenser Fan #2 HP Condenser Fan #3 FLA Condenser Fan #3 HP Supply Fan #1 FLA Supply Fan #1 HP Supply Fan #2 FLA Supply Fan #2 HP Supply Fan #3 FLA Supply Fan #3 HP Return Fan #1 FLA Return Fan #1 HP Return Fan #2 FLA Return Fan #2 HP Exhaust Fan #1 HP Exhaust Fan #2 HP Unit Supply Voltage Year Manufactured Cooling Tons Factory Refrigerant Charge 9-12 June 24, 2015
Field Description Notes FactoryChargeUnits Charge Units Select from oz, lb, kg RatedEfficiency Cooling Efficiency EfficiencyMeas Efficiency Type Select from EER, SEER, IEER OutsideAirControlType InstallationStatus WeekdayHVACHourStart Outside Air Control Type Type of Installation Weekday HVAC On Time Select from none, fixed, economizer, don t know Select from new, replacement, addition, don t know WeekdayHVACHourEnd WeekdayOccTempHeat WeekdayUnOccTempHeat WeekdayOccTempCool WeekdayUnOccTempCool WeekendHVACHourStart WeekendHVACHourEnd WeekendOccTempHeat WeekendUnOccTempHeat WeekendOccTempCool WeekendUnOccTempCool HolidayHVACHourStart HolidayHVACHourEnd HolidayOccTempHeat HolidayUnOccTempHeat HolidayOccTempCool HolidayUnOccTempCool Weekday HVAC Off Time Weekday Heating Temp Weekday Heating Setback Temp Weekday Cooling Temp Weekday Cooling Setback Temp Weekend HVAC On Time Weekend HVAC Off Time Weekend Heating Temp Weekend Heating Setback Temp Weekend Cooling Temp Weekend Cooling Setback Temp Holiday HVAC On Time Holiday HVAC Off Time Holiday Heating Temp Holiday Heating Setback Temp Holiday Cooling Temp Holiday Cooling Setback Temp 9-13 June 24, 2015
9.3 Mini- and Multi-Split VRF System Market Survey 9.3.1 Mini-Split and VRF Research Objectives The IOU upstream program pays rebates for high efficiency mini-split and VRF heating and cooling systems. The CPUC has requested DNV GL investigate the application of this technology and the type of equipment it replaced (where applicable) among end users. It is unknown if mini-split and VRF systems are added as new, are replacing existing mini-splits and VRF systems, or are replacing existing traditional HVAC systems such as split or packaged units. Most existing field data has been collected on residential units in the Pacific Northwest and indicates mini-split systems replace or complement resistance heaters. However, this is not likely the same application as a mini-split installed in California. Therefore, the CPUC is funding a research study to identify the equipment types that mini-split systems are replacing. 9.3.2 Telephone Survey Questions A survey conducted with end users (commercial customers) aims to answer the following research questions: Was the mini-split/vrf a retrofit, addition an existing system, or new installation? What was the reason for the installation? How did they learn about the technology? What space type does the mini-split system serve? If the mini-split was a replacement, what did it replace? When applicable, what are the efficiency levels of installed and replaced measures? For any additional mini-splits installed: o What is the HVAC efficiency typically purchased (standard, above standard, high efficiency)? o What is the manufacturer? 9.3.3 Fielding Plan DNV GL will attempt to complete telephone surveys with the census of the 2010 to 2012 minisplit/vrf upstream program population. Upstream rebates were paid to distributors and it is unlikely commercial customers will know the equipment they purchased was part of a rebate program. For this reason we anticipate survey response rates will be lower than they would be for a downstream rebate program. A total of 173 unique customers, which is the entire population for the 2010 2012 program years, will be contacted for the survey. DNV GL will administer surveys with technically experienced staff in order to increase the changes of eventually finding the correct respondent. Fielding Plan 9-14 June 24, 2015
Six calls per entry. DNV GL will search for the correct contact using the IOU contact numbers as a starting point Staff will leave messages on every other call and no more than three messages total. Staff will leave a call back number for respondents. 9.3.4 Program Mini-Split and VRF System Population The 2010 12 tracking database contains 263 mini-split and VRF system measures installed in SCE and PG&E service territory. Within the population, the majority was installed in SCE service territory; only 6 customers are in PG&E service territory. Roughly 65% of the 2010 12 program population had a single-unit installation while the remaining 35% installed multiple units. The tracking database contains the following information that will be used for this survey: commercial customer s company name, service address where the unit was installed, the number of units sold and the type of equipment sold. The survey will gather data for each unit sold. None of the records contain points of contact and telephone numbers are missing for a subsample of the population. Researchers will attempt to locate missing numbers through the internet. Presented in Table 17 is an export of the measure type names and a total count by measure. Table 17: Export of IOU Mini-Split and VRF System Measures in Tracking Database IOU IOU Measure Name Total SCE SCE SCE SCE SCE SCE SCE SCE SCE <65 kbtu/hr 16 SEER Mini-Split Heat Pump DX Equipment replacing Split System Air Conditioner 63 <65 kbtu/hr 19 SEER Mini-Split Heat Pump DX Equipment replacing Split System Air Conditioner 71 <65 kbtu/hr 22 SEER Mini-Split Heat Pump DX Equipment replacing Split System Air Conditioner 18 <65 kbtu/hr Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pump DX Equipment replacing Variable Air Volume 23 <65 kbtu/hr Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Recovery DX Equipment replacing Variable Air Volume 43 >= 65 kbtu/hr Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pump DX Equipment replacing Package Variable Air Volume 5 >= 65 kbtu/hr Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pump DX Equipment replacing Single Zone Package AC 2 >= 65 kbtu/hr Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Recovery DX Equipment replacing Package Variable Air Volume 22 >= 65 kbtu/hr Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Recovery DX Equipment replacing Single Zone Package AC 2 PG&E HVAC_VARIABLE_REFRIG_FLOW_HEAT_PUMP_<_80_TONS 14 Total 263 9-15 June 24, 2015
9.3.5 Survey Timeline & Deliverable Schedule Table 18 presents the tasks and the timeline for each task. The schedule lists the research activities in order of the completion date. The survey results will be combined with a literature review. The survey results and literature review will be presented during the fourth quarter of 2014. Table 18: 2014 Mini-split Survey Work plan Schedule Survey instrument approval Population Defined 8/9/2014 Survey Instrument Final 9/23/14 Data Collection Internal Training 9/292014 Survey Pilot Launch 9/30/2014 Survey Out of the Field 12/15/2014 Data Analysis Complete 2/1/2015 Report Final 2/27/2015 9.3.6 Telephone End User Mini-Split Survey This section presents the telephone survey instrument for commercial customers who purchased mini-split and/or VRF equipment rebated by the 2010 12 upstream programs. Merged Tracking Data Unit Count: <meascount> Measure Name(s): <MEAS1>; < MEAS2>;< MEAS3>;< MEAS4>;< MEAS5>;< MEAS6>; < MEAS7>;< MEAS8> Utility:<Merged field> Customer Name: <merged field> Service Address: <merged field> Telephone Number: <merged field> Installed Date: <merged field> Type of Install: <merged field> Introduction Hello, my name is <caller name> I m calling from DNV GL on behalf of the California Public Utilities Commission regarding a fairly recent HVAC installation at your business. I have some technical questions about the equipment installed. I m looking to speak with someone in building operations or management, such as a facility manager or a business manager who is 9-16 June 24, 2015
knowledgeable about the building s air conditioning systems, specifically mini-split or variable refrigerant flow (also known as VRF) installation(s)? [IF NEEDED:] The Commission is evaluating the effectiveness of energy efficiency programs. Your participation will help us improve future programs for businesses like yours. This call is for research purposes only. We are not selling any products or services and will not share your personal information. The questions should take less than 5 minutes. PG&E and SCE offer incentives to reduce the cost of purchasing high performance HVAC equipment. The equipment we would like to speak with you about was rebated through this program. Screener S1. According to <PG&E/SCE> records on <install date> a mini-split or VRF air conditioning system was installed at <service address>. Are you familiar with the installation I m referring to? a) Yes b) No S1a. [If No] I d like to speak with someone who is familiar with the building heating and cooling system such as a general manager, building manager or maintenance contractor? Record name(s) of survey respondent(s) you spoke with to complete the survey NAME OF CONTACT: /PHONE:- IF CONTACT IS NOT AVAILABLE, ASK FOR BEST TIME TO CALL BACK. CALL BACK DATE/TIME: Installed Equipment [IF NECESSARY: A mini-split system is an air-conditioning system that consists of an outdoor unit and one or more indoor units. The indoor units are often mounted on the wall. The indoor unit may be a rectangular box with a long narrow vent. Conditioned air is discharged from the indoor unit directly to the space. The outdoor unit and the indoor unit are connected through insulated pipes. There is no ductwork with mini-split or multi-split systems. The outdoor unit is most often a square box with a fan that is mounted on the ground outside or a rooftop. AC units only provide cooling and heat pump units can provide both cooling and heating. 1. According to <PG&E/SCE> records, your business had <meascount> minisplit and/or VRF system(s) installed, is this correct? [MARK ALL THAT APPLY] a) Yes 9-17 June 24, 2015
b) No-SPECIFY Corrected number of installations: DO NOT READ [REPEAT ENTIRE QUESTION FOR EACH MEASURE or Check box if all measures serve the same purpose.] [If meascount >1 then read, otherwise skip.] First I would like to ask about <meas1> and then I d like to ask about <meas2-8>. 2. I d like to confirm the type of mini-split system or VRF installed. Was it a [READ LIST OPTIONS] a) Single zone mini-split air conditioner (cooling only, one indoor unit) b) Single zone mini-split heat pump (heating and cooling, one indoor unit) c) Multi-zone multi-split air conditioner (cooling only, multiple-indoor units per outdoor unit) d) Multi-zone multi-split heat pump (heating and cooling, multiple-indoor units per outdoor unit) e) Multi-zone multi-split heat pump with heat recovery (heating and cooling, multipleindoor units per outdoor unit, heat recovery allows for simultaneous heating and cooling ) f) Single zone VRF heat pump (heating and cooling, one indoor unit) g) Multi-zone VRF heat pump (heating and cooling, multiple-indoor units per outdoor unit) h) Multi-zone VRF system with heat recovery (heating and cooling, multiple-indoor units per outdoor unit, heat recovery allow for simultaneous heating and cooling ) i) Don't know (try and locate someone who is aware of the installation). 3. Which of the following options best describes how you learned about this equipment technology? Was it a? [Select the main reason] [Do not repeat this question for multiple measures.] 9-18 June 24, 2015
a) Contractor or supplier b) Mechanical or design engineer c) Previous experience or a standard practice d) Internal colleague e) External colleague or associate f) Research g) Common knowledge h) Other specify: i) Don't know 4. What space type does the <meas1> system serve? Is it a? [PROMPT AS NEEDED] a) Classroom b) Commercial kitchen c) Computer lab or server room d) Hotel room e) Mechanical equipment room f) Office or conference room g) Retail environment h) Restaurant (dining area) i) Storage or warehouse room j) Other Specify: k) Don't know 5. Is the mini-split or VRF controlled by a programmable thermostat or an energy-management system? a) Programmable T-stat b) EMS c) Other: d) Don t know 6. What was the manufacturer of the equipment you purchased? [Prompt as needed] a) Daiken b) Fujitsu c) Frierdrich d) LG e) Mitsubishi f) Panasonic g) Samsung h) Other: i) Don t know 7. What is the approximate square footage of the space that is served by this equipment? (Ask size ranges only if they don t have an approximation.) 9-19 June 24, 2015
Code SQFT Code SQFT a <100 e >2000 b 101 500 f specify c 501 1000 98 Don't know d 1001 2000 8. Was the <meastype1> a replacement for an existing system, added to an existing system or a new installation? a) Replacement b) Added to the preexisting system c) New installation d) Don't know 9. What was the primary reason for installation of the new system? [PROMPT AS NEEDED] New Install Only Replacement a) Augmentation of the prior system to meet the heating or cooling load for a space (skip to Q15) c) Previous equipment was at end of life cycle. d) Early replacement (replaced the previous b) New construction/addition (skip equipment when its remaining useful life was 5 to Q21) years or greater) e) Other, Specify: f) Don't know Removed Equipment (If Applicable) Ask if response to Q8 is replacement Next I would like to ask a few questions on the equipment you removed. 10. What was the pre-existing system type? a) Packaged DX Rooftop AC with Natural Gas Furnace is it Constant or Variable Air Volume System? i) Variable Air Volume ii) Constant Volume iii) Don t Know b) Packaged DX Rooftop Heat Pump is it Constant or Variable Air Volume System? i) Variable Air Volume ii) Constant Volume iii) Don t Know 9-20 June 24, 2015
c) Packaged DX Rooftop AC without Heating is it Constant or Variable Air Volume System? i) Variable Air Volume ii) Constant Volume iii) Don t Know d) Ducted Split System AC with Natural Gas Furnace is it Constant or Variable Air Volume System? i) Variable Air Volume ii) Constant Volume iii) Don t Know e) Ducted Split Heat Pump System is it Constant or Variable Air Volume System? i) Variable Air Volume ii) Constant Volume iii) Don t Know f) Ducted Split System AC without heating is it Constant or Variable Air Volume System? i) Variable Air Volume ii) Constant Volume iii) Don t Know g) Room AC (Packaged Terminal, Window, or Through the Wall unit) h) Room HP (Packaged Terminal, Window, or Through the Wall unit) i) Mini-Split/Multi-Split System j) VRF System k) Electric resistance strip heat l) Forced air furnace (w/o AC) a. Fuel type i. Electric ii. Natural Gas iii. Combo iv. Other: SPECIFY v. Don t know m) Central Plant/Built-up System n) Other: 11. Approximately how old was previous equipment? a) <5 years e) 21 25 years b) 5 10 years f) 26 30 years b) 11 15 years g) 31 years c) 16 20 years 9-21 June 24, 2015
h) Don t know 12. What is the efficiency of previous equipment? a) EER: b) SEER: c) HSPF: d) AFUE: e) COP: f) kw/ton: g) Other h) Don t know 13. What was the cooling capacity of the previous system? (Skip for heating only systems.) a) Specify: tons/kbtu? If the respondent can t specify a capacity for the removed equipment, then ask about the following size ranges. b) Less than 24kbtu/hr. cooling (2 tons) c) Higher than 24kbtu/hr. but less than 65kBtu/hr. (2 5.5 tons) d) Larger than 65kBtu/hr. (over 5.5 tons)? e) Don t know 14. What is the heating capacity of the previous system? (Skip for cooling only systems.) a) Specify: kbtu/kw (circle one)? b) Less than 30kbtu/hr c) Higher than 30kbtu/hr. but less than 75kBtu/hr d) Larger than 75kBtu/hr e) Don t know Existing Equipment (If Applicable) Ask if response to Q8 is "added to the preexisting system. This question refers to the system that is being augmented with the mini-split, multi-split or VRF system. Next I would like to ask a few questions on the existing equipment. 15. What was the reason for adding to the preexisting system? a) Cooling load was not being met b) Heating load was not being met 9-22 June 24, 2015
c) Additional cooling load was added to the space (servers or other equipment) d) Don t know e) Other(describe) 16. What is the existing system type? a) Packaged DX Rooftop AC with Natural Gas Furnace is it Constant or Variable Air Volume System? i) Variable Air Volume ii) Constant Volume iii) Don t Know b) Packaged DX Rooftop Heat Pump is it Constant or Variable Air Volume System? i) Variable Air Volume ii) Constant Volume iii) Don t Know c) Packaged DX Rooftop AC without heating is it Constant or Variable Air Volume System? i) Variable Air Volume ii) Constant Volume iii) Don t Know d) Ducted Split System AC with Natural Gas Furnace is it Constant or Variable Air Volume System? i) Variable Air Volume ii) Constant Volume iii) Don t Know e) Ducted Split Heat Pump System is it Constant or Variable Air Volume System? i) Variable Air Volume ii) Constant Volume iii) Don t Know f) Ducted Split System AC without heating is it Constant or Variable Air Volume System? i) Variable Air Volume ii) Constant Volume iii) Don t Know g) Room AC(Packaged Terminal, Window, or Through the Wall unit) h) Room HP(Packaged Terminal, Window, or Through the Wall unit) i) Mini-Split/Multi-Split System 9-23 June 24, 2015
j) VRF System k) Electric resistance strip heat l) Forced air furnace b. Fuel type i. Electric ii. Natural Gas iii. Combo iv. Other: SPECIFY v. Don t know m) Central Plant/Built-up System n) Other: 17. Approximately how old is the existing equipment? a) <5 years e) 21 25 years b) 5 10 years g) 31 years b) 11 15 years h) Don t know c) 16 20 years f) 26 30 years 18. What is the efficiency of existing equipment? a) EER: b) SEER: c) HSPF: d) AFUE: e) COP: f) kw/ton: g) Other h) Don t know 19. What is the cooling capacity of the existing system? (for heating only systems skip to Q20) a) Specify: tons/kbtu? If the respondent can t specify a capacity for the removed equipment, then ask about the following size ranges. b) Less than 24kbtu/hr. cooling (2 tons) c) Higher than 24kbtu/hr. but less than 65kBtu/hr. (2-5.5 tons) d) Larger than 65kBtu/hr. (over 5.5 tons)? e) Don t know 20. What is the heating capacity of the existing system? (if applicable) 9-24 June 24, 2015
a) Specify: kbtu/kw (circle one) b) Less than 30kbtu/hr c) Higher than 30kbtu/hr. but less than 75kBtu/hr d) Larger than 75kBtu/hr. e) Don t know Additional Installations Unrelated to this Program Lastly I would like to know about other mini-split installations. 21. Has your company installed any additional mini-split systems excluding those that we re discussing today? (Okay if at other locations in California.) a) No [T&T or repeat look if multiples] b) Yes [Continue to Q22] c) Don t know [T&T or repeat look if multiples] 22. Approximately how many have you installed? a) Specify: b) Don t know 23. What efficiency level do you think your company installed for these other mini-splits? Would it be standard performance (<16SEER) equipment, above standard (17 19 SEER), or high performance (19 SEER or higher)? a) Specify: b) Standard (<16SEER) c) Above Standard (17 19 SEER) d) High Performance (>19) e) 98) Don t know 24. Which equipment manufacturer did you select? [Prompt as needed] a) Daiken b) Fujitsu c) Frierdrich d) LG e) Mitsubishi f) Panasonic g) Samsung h) Other: i) Don t know Thank & Terminate This concludes all the questions I have for you today; unless you have any questions for me we are finished. Thank you. Record respondent s name: 9-25 June 24, 2015
Survey: Mini/MULTI/VRF-Split System Fact Sheet The ductless mini-split, multi-split and VRF systems under study here are similar technologies with one essential difference. That is, VRF systems have variable volume refrigerant flow through the system while mini and multi-splits have constant volume of refrigerant flowing through the system. All of these systems are split between and outdoor unit and an indoor unit, they are linked through refrigerant lines that flow through both indoor and outdoor units. These systems can have cooling only functionality (air conditioners) or heating and cooling functionality (heat pumps). In cooling mode, the heat from the space being cooled is picked up by the indoor unit or units and transferred via the refrigerant to the outdoor unit where it is rejected to the outside air. The opposite happens for units in heating mode. The mini and multi-splits are ductless, meaning there are no ducts for transferring conditioned air. The conditioned air is blown directly into the space from the indoor unit. The VRF systems are mostly ductless, but some have indoor units that use duct runs. Although it is mostly true, it would be technically inaccurate to say all systems under consideration here are ductless. The main thrust is of this research is to determine if the IOU program assumptions of what type of systems these mini-splits and VRFs are replacing is accurate. Toward this end, the survey asks the respondent whether the installation under consideration is a new installation or a replacement where the previous system is being retired. If the respondent indicates that this was a replacement, the survey then inquires about the previous system. We are using the following HVAC system taxonomy for the responses, so it is very important that the surveyor have an understanding of these equipment types. Packaged Rooftop Unit: The packaged rooftop unit is called packaged because the cooling, air handler, and heating portions are all packaged together. In California, the heating component is usually a natural gas furnace, but it also can be a heat pump. The smaller units have efficiencies given in SEER, while larger units have efficiencies in EER. Ducted Split System: The ducted split system is very similar to the package unit except the heat rejection component is separate from the distribution component. The heat rejection component (also called the condenser) is located outside, often on the ground. The air distribution (also called the air handler) unit is usually installed in the attic, garage, or sometimes a closet. Often the air handler will be packaged with a natural gas furnace, although split system heat pumps also exist. Ducts carry the conditioned air from the air handler to the spaces. Most have efficiencies given in SEER. Room Air Conditioners/Heat Pumps: Portable window units, through the wall units, and package terminal units are classified as room AC/HP systems. Package terminal units might be something you see in a motel room. This equipment may be cooling only or they might have heat pump heating or electrical resistance heating. 9-26 June 24, 2015
Mini or Multi Splits: Mini and multi-split ductless systems have been around long enough that some are reaching end-of-life and are being replaced with new mini/multi-splits. Built-up Systems: Large commercial buildings may have built-up systems that utilize boilers and chillers produce heating and cooling. The boilers and chillers produce fluid streams that are pumped to air handlers throughout the building for heating and cooling as needed. It is an unlikely scenario that a built-up central system will be replaced by mini-splits or VRF systems, but we are including it because it is technically possible. If a respondent selects this option, the surveyor should make certain that this is a replacement and not an add-on. That is, that the central built up system is no longer providing cooling/heating for the space under consideration. The installation of mini or multi-split for augmenting central system cooling to a space with high loads, such as a server room, is an add-on. Since this add-on scenario is much more likely, the surveyor should make certain that this is not the case. VRF Systems: VRF systems have been manufactured for several decades although they have not been popular in California until fairly recently. We are including this as a response because it is possible, although unlikely. If selected, the surveyors will verify that this is the type of system being removed. Other Systems: Other systems include evaporative cooling systems such as swamp coolers or water source heat pumps. For ducted split systems and rooftop package units we will ask a follow-up question to determine if these are constant air volume (CV) or variable air volume (VAV) units. This refers to the fan control/airflow control within the units. Constant volume applies when there are no controls to modulate fan speed or airflow of the unit. Variable air volume units include controls that modulate airflow through the unit by modifying fan speed or damper controls. The respondent will not always know about this, so the surveyor should accept don t know responses rather than press the respondent to guess. Survey: Terms & Definitions Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER): A measure of HVAC cooling efficiency, calculated as ratio of the total cooling capacity in Btu to the power input in watt-hours [Wh] at a single set of rating conditions; EER is expressed in Btu/Wh. It is the primary cooling performance rating used for air conditioners with capacities over 5 tons. Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio (IEER): IEER represents part load performance and can be useful in comparing energy consumptions of similar systems. IEER is used as a secondary rating of performance for systems over five tons. Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF): The HSPF measures the energy performance of a heat pump, higher HSPFs mean greater energy efficiency. The HSPF is a ratio of the heating output to electricity use over an average heating season, expressed in Btu/Wh. 9-27 June 24, 2015
Mini-Split Air-Conditioners and Heat Pumps: Systems that have a single outdoor section and one or more indoor sections. The indoor sections cycle on and off in unison in response to a single indoor thermostat. Multiple-Split Air-Conditioners and Heat Pumps [or Multi-Split Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps]: Systems that have two or more indoor sections for a given outdoor unit. The indoor sections operate independently and can be used to condition multiple zones in response to multiple indoor thermostats. Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER): A measure of HVAC cooling efficiency, calculated as cooling output provided divided by the total electric energy input. Unlike EER, SEER is calculated over a range of conditions. The rated SEER for a given unit is higher than the EER of the same unit. SEER is also expressed in Btu/[Wh]. It is the primary performance rating for residential air conditioners and commercial units with capacities of five tons and below. Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) System: An engineered direct exchange (DX) multi-split system incorporating at least one variable capacity compressor distributing refrigerant through a piping network to multiple indoor fan coil units. Each indoor unit is capable of individual zone temperature control through proprietary zone temperature control devices and a common communications network. Variable refrigerant flow implies three or more steps of control on common, inter-connecting piping. VRF Heat Recovery Multi-Split System: A split system air-conditioner or heat pump incorporating a single refrigerant circuit, with one or more outdoor units with at least one variable-speed compressor or an alternate compressor combination for varying the capacity of the system by three or more steps. The system includes multiple indoor fan coil units, each of which is individually metered and individually controlled by a proprietary control device and a common communications network. This system is capable of operating as an air-conditioner or as a heat pump. The system is also capable of providing simultaneous heating and cooling operation, where recovered energy from the indoor units operating in one mode can be transferred to one or more other indoor units operating in the other mode. Variable refrigerant flow implies 3 or more steps of control on common, inter-connecting piping. 9-28 June 24, 2015
9.4 Metering Pilot Details Research Goals This plan addresses the end-use metering challenge of sampling versus cost and proposes to conduct a metering pilot. This metering pilot will utilize meters with remote communications to collect end use data and compare the data collected against each other and with Whole Building AMI data. Specific goals include: Install remote metering suites at multiple sites with multiple rooftop packaged units Use two different metering suites to evaluate remote communication reliability Compare the accuracy and reliability of the two metering suites Compare the metered actual power consumption of the rooftop packaged units with the power consumption disaggregated from the AMI data Evaluate the feasibility of deploying these meters with a full suite of sensors or some subset of sensors Measurement Parameters This pilot metering project will install metering suites to monitor rooftop package units serving a given building. These suites will measure seven key parameters to determine the power consumption of the rooftop package units: Compressors Condenser fans Supply fans Dry-bulb temperature and Relative humidity of the: o supply air o return air o mixed air Three Magnelab current transducers will be used to measure the amperage of each phase. A WattNode 3-phase kwh transducer sensor will convert amperage and voltage readings into wattage, which is used to capture the electric energy use and demand profile of each unit. In addition, two temperature and relative humidity (Temp/Rh) sensors will be installed in the supply air duct to measure supply air temperature and relative humidity, two Temp/Rh sensors will be placed in the return duct to measure temperature and relative humidity of the return air 9-29 June 24, 2015
and four Temp/Rh sensors 8 will be installed in the mixed air chamber to measure temperature and relative humidity of mixed air. Two Temp/Rh sensors used in the supply and return ducts are for the purpose of redundancy whereas the use of four Temp/Rh sensors in the mixed air chamber is to capture the stratification effect of the mixed air chamber. In addition to the monitoring equipment installed on the unit, a portable weather station will also be installed at a location on the rooftop removed from the close proximity of the unit. This weather station will be comprised of a dry-bulb temperature sensor and a relative humidity sensor to capture ambient weather condition of the location. This will be used later in the equipment specification and site load modeling. All on-site site weather data will be crosschecked with the nearest government weather station data, such as NOAA weather station data, to make sure it is accurate and reliable. All the above data points will be collected in real time at an interval of one minute. The trended data will be instantly transferred to a secured web server via 4G cellular network. All metering and transferring devices will be left in place for 9 12 months. The quality of the data will be checked once every week. If there is any issue with data trending or data transfer, DNV GL engineers will conduct immediate trouble shooting to resolve the issue as soon as possible. The metering suite that experiences fewer issues is the suite with higher trending and communicating reliabilities. Selection of Remote Monitoring Equipment Two different metering suites have been carefully chosen to evaluate the reliability of the selected remote communication technologies. The first sets of metering suites selected are from Campbell Scientific. Although Campbell Scientific data loggers are slightly more expensive than their contemporaries, they are known for their reliable data communication system, speed and precision. The second set of metering suite is from Onset Computer Corporation. Onset GSM enabled data loggers are less expensive and have been successfully used in various energy and weather monitoring applications. The Campbell metering suite will use Verizon 4G cellular network while the Onset metering suite will use AT&T 4G cellular network to transfer data. The details of these two metering suites are described in the following paragraphs of this section. Campbell CR Series Data Logger Metering Suite This metering suite consists of two metering setups. The first metering setup will be used to monitor the unit kw, supply air temperature and relative humidity, return air temperature and relative humidity, and the mixed air temperature and relative humidity. The second metering 8 It should be noted that due to the Onset logger s channel limitations from the four sensors in the mixed air chamber only two sensors will record both the temperature and relative humidity whereas the other two sensors will be set to record only temperatures for the Onset metering suites 9-30 June 24, 2015
setup will collect the kw and Temp/Rh data from the first metering setup via radio frequency and transmit the collected data wirelessly to the web server through the 4G cellular network. In addition, the second metering set up will trend ambient air dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity of the location and upload them to the web server as well. Table 19 below summarizes the suite of the metering equipment that will be installed on the HVAC units and Table 20 summarizes the suites of data logging equipment that will be used to collect the data from the metering suite installed on the units and transmit the data wirelessly to the web server via 4G cellular network. Item # Table 19: Campbell Metering Setup for the Rooftop Unit Monitoring Equipment Model Equipment Type Manufacturer Measuring Parameters Rated Full Scale Qty Accuracy ±0.25% 1 1 CR206X Data Logger Campbell Scientific kw, Temp, Rh, Pulse 2 Wattnode Transducer Continental Pulse, kw ±0.5% 1 WND-3D Controls 3 S-UCC-M001 Pulse Adapter Onset Computer Pulse 1 4 MCT-0-50 Current Magnalab Amps ±1.0% 3 Transducer 5 BP7 12 V Sealed NA NA 1 Rechargeable Battery Pack 6 SP10 10 W solar panel 7 900 MHz 0dBd 1/2 wave whip Antenna with mount 8 Encl10/12 SC- NM Enclosure 9 CS-215 L30 Temp/RH Sensor 10 CS-215 L31 Temp/RH Sensor 11 CS-215 L32 Temp/RH Sensor Solar Panel Sunwize NA NA 1 Campbell Scientific Campbell Scientific Campbell Scientific Campbell Scientific Campbell Scientific NA NA 1 NA NA 1 T/Rh T/Rh T/Rh ±2% (10% to 90% range) RH, ±0.4 C (+5 to +40 C) Temp ±2% (10% to 90% range) RH, ±0.4 C (+5 to +40 C) Temp ±2% (10% to 90% range) RH, ±0.4 C (+5 to +40 C) Temp 2 2 4 9-31 June 24, 2015
Item # Table 20: Campbell Metering Setup for Wireless Data Transfer Equipment Model Equipment Type Manufacturer 1 CR800 Data Logger Campbell Scientific 2 CS-215 L32 Temp/RH Campbell Sensor Scientific Measuring Parameters kw, Temp, Rh, Pulse T/Rh Rated Full Scale Qty Accuracy ±0.25% 1 ±2% (10% to 90% range) RH, ±0.4 C (+5 to +40 C) Temp 3 41303-5A Weather RM Young NA NA 1 shield 4 Raven-XTV Modem Sierra Wireless NA NA 1 5 SP10 10 W Solar Panel Sunwize NA NA 1 solar panel Battery Charger 6 PS100-SW 12 V charging NA NA 1 regulator & 7 Ah sealed rechargeable battery 7 Rewinding Raven NA NA 1 Mounting Kit 8 Null Modem Campbell NA NA 1 Cable 9 pin Male to Male 9 800 Mhz 1dBd Campbell NA <1.0dB 1 Omni Cellular Antenna 10 Cellular phone Campbell NA NA 1 Antenna Cable Type N Male 11 RF401A-ST 900 Mhz Campbell NA NA 1 Spread Spectrum Radio 12 Campbell 900 MHz 0dBd Campbell NA NA 1 1/2 wave whip Antenna with mount 13 Encl12/14 SC- NM Enclosure Campbell NA NA 1 14 Monthly Wireless Plan Wireless 4G Plan Verizon NA NA 1 1 9-32 June 24, 2015
Onset U30-GSM Data Logger Metering Suite The Onset metering suite will utilize the Hobo U30 GSM based data logging system. Like the Campbell series metering suite, this metering suite will also use two setups but both of these setups will use HOBO U30 GSM loggers. One metering set up will be used to monitor rooftop unit power draw, supply air temperature and relative humidity, return air temperature and relative humidity and the mixed air temperature and relative humidity. The other metering setup will be used to monitor the ambient air dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity of the location. The Hobo U30 data loggers have built-in wireless modems, so each of the metering setups will independently transmit the metered data to the web server via cellular wireless communications. Table 21 below summarizes the metering suite that will be installed on the rooftop units and Table 22 summarizes the metering suite that will be used for collecting the ambient weather data. Item# Table 21: Onset Metering Setup for the Rooftop Unit Monitoring Equipment Model Equipment Type Manufacturer Measuring Parameters Rated Full Qty Scale Accuracy ±0.25% 1 1 U-30 Data Logger Onset Computer kw, Temp, Rh, Pulse 2 Wattnode WND- Transducer Continental Pulse, kw ±0.5% 1 3D Controls 3 S-UCC-M001 Pulse Adapter Onset Computer NA NA 1 4 MCT-0-50 Current Magnalab Amps ±1.0% 3 Transducer 5 HOBO Low Use Wireless Plan AT&T NA NA 1 Plan 6 NA Enclosure Onset Computer NA NA 1 7 S-THB-M002 T/Rh Sensor Onset Computer Temp: -40 C 6 to 75 C (-40 F to 167 F), RH: 0-100% RH at -40 to 75 C (- 40 to 167 F) 8 S-TMB-M006 Temp Sensor Onset Computer Temp: -40 C to 75 C (-40 F to 167 F) Temp: +/- 0.21 C from 0 to 50 C (0.38 F from 32 to 122 F), RH: +/- 2.5% from 10% to 90% RH (typical), to a maximum of +/- 3.5% Temp: +/- 0.21 C from 0 to 50 C (0.38 F from 32 to 122 F) 9 Solar-6W Solar panel Onset Computer NA NA 1 2 9-33 June 24, 2015
Table 22: Onset Metering Setup for the Ambient Temperature Item# Equipment Model Equipment Type Manufacturer 1 U-30 Data Logger Onset Computer 2 S-THB-M002 T/Rh Sensor Onset Computer Measuring Parameters kw, Temp, Rh, Pulse Temp: -40 C to 75 C (- 40 F to 167 F), RH: 0-100% RH at -40 to 75 C (-40 to 167 F) Rated Full Qty Scale Accuracy ±0.25% 1 Temp: +/- 0.21 C from 0 to 50 C (0.38 F from 32 to 122 F), RH: +/- 2.5% from 10% to 90% RH (typical), to a maximum of +/- 3.5% 3 Solar-6W Solar panel Onset NA NA 1 Computer 4 NA Enclosure Onset NA NA 1 Computer 5 HOBO Low Use Plan Wireless Plan AT&T NA NA 1 1 Metering Sample Size and Budget This pilot metering project plans to monitor a total of nine rooftop package HVAC units. To increase the diversity of sites, the sampled sites range across three building types (grocery store, retail store, and small office). In addition, two sites with the same CZ and building type may have different floor areas and different numbers of HVAC units to increase the diversity of the sample. The table below shows a preliminary sample list. The actual list of sampled sites may be different from this table and will be based on the results of site recruiting. To minimize traveling cost, DNV GL will try to recruit the sites within the CZs that are close to each other. As shown in the table below, the metering sites planned for this pilot project will be primarily in CZ 10. Site No. Table 23: Planned Metering Sites CZ Building Type Number of Units Metered 1 10 Grocery store 2 2 10 Small office 3 3 10 Small office 2 4 10 Retail store 2 Total 9 9-34 June 24, 2015
The sample size will not be statistically representative of any population of units since the goal of this approach is a comparison of technologies and comparison of all end use data to AMI disaggregation techniques. The table above shows that four sites will be part of this pilot study and nine units will be metered across these four sites, but the actual scenario may be different due to unavoidable circumstances such as site recruiting constraints. If metering nine units across four sites cannot be achieved then different metering scenarios could be used to meet the nine unit target. These scenarios are based on various combinations of units selected per site and number of sites to be fielded to meet the nine targeted metering point. In other words, if a great number of sites are selected then fewer units at each site will be metered to meet the target of nine units or if fewer sites are chosen then greater number of units at each sites will be metered to meet the target of nine units. For example, in scenario 1 (see Table 24 below), two sites will be selected to achieve the target of metering nine units. At each site, meters will be installed on four to five roof top units. In scenario 2, four sites will be selected with two to three units metered at each site. In scenario 3, five sites will be chosen and at each site one to two units will be metered to meet the target of nine metered units. The scenarios explained below are mere examples; it is not mandatory for this metering pilot to follow one of these three scenarios. Other scenarios or a combination of these scenarios can be selected as long as the chosen scenario meets the target of metering nine units. As each of these scenarios has different combinations in regards to the selection of number of sites and the number of units at each site, the cost associated will be different. For example: scenario 1 proposes to meter nine units at three sites (3 units/site), so the cost of competing this task will be less than the scenario 2 where four sites will be chosen (2 to 3 units/site). Table 24 below details the metering scenarios and provides the total cost associated in each of these scenarios. Table 24: Comparison of the Metering Costs for Different Metering Installation Scenarios Metering Scenarios Measurement s # of Sites Total Number of Units Equipment Cost($) Total Labor Cost($) Total Project Cost($) kw and Scenario 1 3 9 Temp/RH 149,023.8 92,850.0 241,873.8 kw and Scenario 2 4* 9 Temp/RH 158,418.3 97,800.0 256,218.3 kw and Scenario 3 1 9 Temp/RH 163,115.5 86,250.0 249,365.5 * In scenario 2, in first 3 sites two units will be metered and in the fourth site three units will be metered 9-35 June 24, 2015
This pilot metering will be performed in September and October 2014 where nine units will be metered across four sites. Table 25 shows the number sites planned as part of this pilot effort and the approximate cost to complete these phases. Table 25: Different Phases of the Pilot Metering Project Metering Phases Budget Status # of Sites Total # of Units Total Project Cost ($) Pilot Approved 4 9 $ 300,000 Total 4 9 $ 300,000 Analysis The analysis of this pilot effort will focus on comparing the actual monitored power consumption data of the rooftop package units collected from the remote data loggers with the Whole Building AMI data to determine whether the AMI data can be used to disaggregate the power consumption of individual units. In this analysis, we will review the cost of monitoring, assess accuracy and reliability of the data and examine the real time data to determine whether remote metering is a viable option. Additionally, we will evaluate the data quality of both the Campbell and Onset metering set-ups and compare the accuracy and reliability. In this process, we will compare the sensor accuracies, logger features, logger costs, remote connectivity, and field installations to determine which metering set-up is best suited for our requirements. Reporting The report will document the comparison findings of actual unit metered data with the Whole Building AMI data, describe data collection and analysis methods, provide feasibility of remote metering, deliver a comparison between two different metering set ups and finally present the best remote metering set-up for the rooftop package unit monitoring. The pilot metering will be completed in 2014 and the draft report will be provided to CPUC for review and comments. Timeline The metering pilot was launched in the fall of 2014. Meters are to remain in place for a period of 9-12 months to record both heating and cooling season data. The data will be analyzed and findings will be reported in summer 2015. Upon completion of the metering pilot, a determination will be made on where or not to pursue any additional metering efforts. 9-36 June 24, 2015
Figure 3: Pilot Metering Project Task ID Task Name Task 001 Develop research plan Task 002 Recruitment Task 003 Onsite visits Task 004 Analysis Task 005 Reporting 2014 2015 Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sep 9-37 June 24, 2015
9.5 Onsite Protocols All package and split systems will receive the static pressure measurements described below. In addition, as explained in 2.2.1, a subsample of package and split systems will be subject to a full suite of tests and measurements including airflow and refrigerant charge measurement. 9.5.1 Fan RPM and External Static Pressure Flow Measurement Manufacturers typically provide tables in their service manuals listing fan flow as a function of external static pressure (ESP) and fan revolutions per minute (RPM). Unfortunately, manufacturers are not consistent in their definition of ESP; some manufacturers use ESP to refer to the pressure change across the supply fan alone, while other use ESP to refer to the pressure change across the whole unit (inclusive of filters & cooling coil). Tests will be conducted to account for both possibilities. Perform the test according to the following procedure: 1. Turn the unit off. Lockout and tag out. If there is no local disconnect, consult the site contact and call the field manager as needed before attempting to disable power. 2. Open the panel providing access to the fan. 3. Locate a point on the fan rotor to affix a piece of reflective tape. It s imperative that the tape is placed on the fan rotor as opposed to the motor rotor since fan RPM needs to be measured. 4. Measure the tape installation location relative to fixed points along the edge of the unit so that a drill hole can be placed in a unit panel directly in line with the tape. Note any adjacent equipment that must be avoided when preparing to drill the hole. 9-38 June 24, 2015
5. Reinstall the unit panel. Mark the desired hole location on the unit panel. Drill a 5/8 hole on center with a conical bit. If you noticed possible obstructions in step 4 consider drilling the hole in the panel before reinstalling the panel. 6. Remove the panel and insert the remote tachometer probe in the drill slot. Lock the probe down using the nuts on each side of the probe. 7. Drill the ¼ static pressure tap holes in the unit. Drill holes on the outlet side of the fan (supply plenum), the inlet side of the fan (between the coil and the fan), and the inlet to the unit (return/mixed air plenum). When installing the probes, attempt to insert them in a dead corner with little to no flow. 8. After inserting the probes, turn the unit back on. If necessary, jump the unit into Stage 1 Cooling to activate the fan. Attach the fan outlet probe to the + port of a Testo 435 (or DG700) gauge and measure the pressure relative to ambient pressure. Rotate the probe until the pressure reading is minimized, indicating that the probe is no longer picking up velocity pressure. 9-39 June 24, 2015
9. Remove the outlet probe and perform the same procedure with the fan inlet (or unit inlet) side probe. The Testo 435 gauge will indicate negative pressure (so long as the probe is attached to the + port). Rotate the probe until the absolute value (more negative) registered by the probe is maximized. 10. Connect the supply side probe to the + port and the fan or unit inlet probe to the - port on the Testo 435 gauge. Time average the ESP reading over 30 seconds. While the gauge is time averaging the readings, measure fans RPM using the Omega tachometer. 11. Record a second set of readings after recording the first set on the ipad. 12. If the unit has two stages of cooling, and therefore potentially two fan speeds, jump the unit into second stage operation and repeat steps 10 and 11. 13. Repeat the test by moving the low pressure side probe from the fan inlet to the unit inlet probe location (or vice versa). Repeat steps 9 through 11. 14. Remove plugs and seal holes with permanent hole plugs. 9-40 June 24, 2015
9.5.2 True Flow Test Procedure The data collection team will perform True Flow airflow tests on the subset of package and split systems described in 2.2.1. The validity of the True Flow test decreases rapidly as the True Flow Static Operating Pressure (TFSOP) begins to deviate from the Normal Static Operating Pressure (NSOP). As the number of spacer plates used to fill the filter slots increases, TFSOP quickly deviates from NSOP. Therefore, the True Flow procedure should only be used in units in which the True Flow plates take up each individual filter slot. Given that evaluation teams will have at most two True Flow kits available on site, this limits the applicability of the True Flow Test to units sized roughly six tons or less (varies by manufacturer). For systems that meet the above criterion, perform the True Flow Test as follows: 1. Measure Normal System Operating Pressure NSOP: a. Install the static pressure probe at any of three locations: i. Into the side surface of the supply plenum in the air stream. ii. iii. In a dead-end corner of the supply plenum. In the side surface of the return plenum. The side of the return plenum used should not have a trunk line, return duct or return register connected to it, and should be located at least 24 inches upstream from the True Flow metering plate. Pressure Probe iv. Connect the static pressure probe using a tube to the Channel A Input tap on a DG 700 gauge. 9-41 June 24, 2015
v. If possible, run a tube from the DG 700 gauge to inside the building. If this is not possible, record the differential pressure with the DG gauge (or Testo 435 meter) from the building to outside. vi. Turn the cooling system on and let it run for 15 minutes to ensure measurements are taken over a wet evaporator coil. vii. Using the DG 700: i. Push the Mode button 4 times until the screen reads PR/AH. The NSOP icon will begin flashing in the Channel A display. ii. Once the unit has reached steady state, press the Start button to begin NSOP measurement. In the Channel B display window a timer will begin counting. The Channel A display window will average out the NSOP readings taken. Be careful not to step on the tube or move the pitot during this period. After the Pressure reading has stabilized for 2 to 3 minutes record the NSOP pressure from the Channel A display on the site form and press the enter button. iii. The NSOP value is now stored in the gauge and on Channel B, ADJ should appear in the window. In the next test the gauge will calculate the Adjusted CFM for you. DO NOT wait until the system is turned off to press enter. Note that if unable to run a tube from the second pressure tab into the building, the user must manually 9-42 June 24, 2015
2. Measure TFSOP and airflow: record the NSOP reading. The differential pressure measured across the building envelope will have to be added to this value. a. Make sure you DO NOT turn off the DG700 Pressure Gauge b. Turn the unit off (or not) and replace the filter with the TrueFlow metering plate(s). Take pictures of the plate installation. Close all panels while being careful not to pinch the tubes. It may be necessary to drill a small hole in the panel to run the tubes through. c. From one of the metering plates, connect the Red pressure tube to the Channel B Input and the Green pressure tube to the Channel B Reference. d. Turn the system back on. e. Using the DG 700: i. Push the Device button 6 times to display TF on Channel A ii. Push the Config button to display plate 14 or 20 on Channel B depending upon the plate you are using. 9-43 June 24, 2015
iii. Push the Start button to begin the system test. Channel A displays the TFSOP and Channel B display the Adjusted CFM. Take reading for about 5 minutes or until values have leveled out. Record 3 sets of measurements. If it was necessary to measure differential pressure across the building envelope (i.e. the reference probe for tap A is not located in the space), the user must record the actual differential pressure readings across the True Flow plate on channel B. These readings will be used with NSOP, TFSOP, and envelope differential pressure to calculate airflow back in the office. f. If more than one plate is installed in the unit, repeat steps c through e for all plates. g. Turn system off and return to pre-test conditions after installing mixed air monitoring equipment (see metering installation below). 9-44 June 24, 2015
9.5.3 Unit Spot Power Measurements 1. Make sure you use all appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and follow all DNV SHE safety procedures. 2. Take phase-to-ground spot power measurements on the condenser unit using the power meter. Record spot power measurements on all three legs. Record volts, amps, power, power factor (PF), and time. Spot measurements should be taken on the line side of the disconnect when possible. 3. Wait a minute and take another set of spot power measurements. Then move the amp clamp over to the next leg and record two more sets of measurements, then repeat for the 3 rd leg. 9.6 Details on IEER-based measures and VRF Measures IEER weights together four loading and ambient temperature conditions to come up with a more effective measurement of annual efficiency for unitary HVAC units. These weights are to be generally applicable to anywhere in the United States. IEER = (0.02 * A) + (0.617 * B) + (0.238 * C) + (0.125 * D) Where: A = EER at 100% net capacity at AHRI standard condition (95 deg F) B = EER at 75% net capacity and reduced ambient (81.5 deg F) C = EER at 50% net capacity and reduced ambient (68 deg F) D = EER at 25% net capacity and reduced ambient (65 deg F) Where: LF = Fractional on time for last stage at the desired load point. 9-45 June 24, 2015