International 16 th - 17 th November 2015 Clermont-Ferrand, France Wheat Innovation Workshop Wheat, the most important staple crop Grégoire Berthe, Céréales Vallée
Wheat : the future starts today Man s companion from the Neolithics Wheat remains an especially critical staff of life for the 2.5 billion wheat consuming poor men, women, and children who live on less than USD 2 per day. Wheat is a key source of calories and protein for 4.5 billion people in more than 100 countries. Provides 20% of all calories; second only to rice as a source of calories for people in developing countries Provides 20% of proteins
Wheat : the first among all crops 15% of the world arable land acreage
Wheat : mostly an Eurasian crop Misc. 15% UE 28 12% 39% 13% 21% North Am. CEI Asia World = 223 Mha (+1% on one year) EU 28 : 27 Mha CEI : 47 Mha North Am.: 29 Mha Asia : 88 Mha En Mha 40 20 10 Africa : 10 Mha Oceania : 14 Mha Centr. & South Am. : 9 Mha Source : USDA, Agreste
Wheat : world wheat production Mt Production : 726 Mt Consumption : 703 Mt Stock : 212 Mt Trade: 164 Mt (23% of prod.) Mt Source : USDA
Wheat : key-data Production : 726 Mt Export : 164 Mt (23% of prod.) Australie 3% Ukraine 3% Turquie 2% Autres 16% UE 28 20% UE 28 Canada US Russie Australie 10% 1 1 1 21% Pakistan Canada US 8% Russie 8% Inde 13% Chine 17% Ukraine Kazakhstan Argentine Autres 3% 7% 13% En % des exportations 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 En Mt Consumption : 703 Mt Import : 164 Mt Food Semences Industrie 81% Feed 19% Egypte Indonesie Algerie Brésil Iran UE 28 Turquie Japon Autres 5% 7% 65% En Mt 0 5 10 15 20 110 25 En % des importations
Wheat : recent significative world yield grain Mostly from 1950 s ( Green Revolution ) Years 1900 1950 1970 1990 2014 World po. (billion inh.) 1,554 2,519 3,696 5,290 7,200 World acr. (million ha) <100 200 207 231 223 World prod. (million ton.) <100 (<10% tr.) 200 311 592 726 (23% tr.) World av. yied (t/ha) 1,000 1,000 1,502 2,563 3,256
Wheat trends in acreage and yield 95% of world acreage within 18 production zones 8 T/ha 7 France 2009-2013 average 6 Egypte UE 28 World : 220 Mha 5 Ouzbékistan Chine 4 3 2 Argentine Brésil Maroc Ukraine Canada Pakistan Afrique Turquie Iran Australie US Russie Inde World : 3.1 t/ha 1 Kazakhstan ~ 160 MHa 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Mha Source : USDA, Agreste
2050 world wheat need Global wheat production must increase by 60% before 2050 to meet rising demand ; 40% trade, with half moving to Asia
We can realize this Wheat challenge! We can realize this Wheat challenge with innovation and through strong public private partnerships. We have to reach it! Challenges for offering a sufficient 2050 wheat supply Population growth and growing urbanization Climate changes (drought and heat), new pests and diseases Soil fertility descerase Water and nutrient scarcity Evolving economies Increasing and changing diets Complementary approaches/solutions to boost productivity More wheat investment in R&D Wheat genetic resource and technology innovation access for all, including white biotechs Mega-environment breeding, including more use of derived synthetics and hybrid systems Gene discovery acceleration for complex traits Raising yield potential (genetic modification of architectural and reproductive aspects of growth; photosynthetric efficiency, etc.) Sustainable crop management on large-scale farms and on smallholder farms; improving irrigation techniques Reduction of post-harvest wheat losses Enabling favourable policies for all farmers
The World Wheat Book Publication of the Third and final Volume of The World Wheat Book A history of Wheat Breeding