Revision Cards will save my life Public Health 1800-1914 Paper two www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrt9byy6uma
Public Health 1800-1914 Possible topic for question on paper 1 Definitely the topic for paper 2 Cholera outbreaks 1830 s, 1850 s and 1860 s Edwin Chadwick John Snow and cholera investigation from 1851 Louis Pasteur 1848 Public Health Act 1875 Public Health Act 1884 Working men all get the vote 1906-1911 Liberal Social Reforms
Impact of industrial revolution Mass production with growth of factories Towns and cities grew Population doubled in 30 years Massive overcrowding and slum houses Poor drainage and sewage treatment Lack of clean water Epidemic of typhus and cholera
Edwin Chadwick Chadwick was a social reformer He believed prevention of disease would save money He also believed in miasma Cleaning up the streets, proper drainage and sanitation would help improve living conditions and in turn stop disease and save money
Edwin Chadwick Published the Sanitary conditions of the Labouring Population in 1842 His report showed a direct link between poor living conditions and disease and life expectancy His work inspired the Public Health Act of 1848
Public Health Act of 1848 Set up the National Board of Health to run for 5 years This allowed local boards of health to be set up in all towns HOWEVER Many towns refused to set up boards of Health due to cost London was not even covered in the Act! Abandoned in 1858 What a great success!
Cholera and its causes First recorded in India in 400BC Causes Drinking from water polluted by the excrement or vomit of cholera victims Symptoms Diarrhoea and vomiting, Death is eventually caused by fluid loss What did people believe caused cholera in the early to mid 19 th century? Miasma or God
John Snow www.youtube.com/watch?v=pq32lb8j2k8 In 1854 cholera broke out again in London Dr John Snow disbelieved cholera was caused by miasma but by contaminated water Many experts disagreed with him. Pasteur had not discovered the germ yet. John Snow mapped where cholera victims lived He noticed the worst cases were round a certain pump in Broad Street He eventually persuaded the local Parish to remove the pump handle
Public Health Bitesize www.youtube.com/watch?v=ff4yggotrzq
Why did Government become involved in public health after 1850? John Snow 1866 Cholera epidemic Louis Pasteur discovered the germ theory Working men got the vote and started pushing the government to make changes
Louis Pasteur In the year of 1864 The germ was discovered by Louis Pastoor! (Pasteur) You are a poet and you did not know it!
Louis Pasteur Professor of chemistry in France He became interested in what made certain things such as wine go off and rot Up until then scientists believed organisms came from nowhere He proved that dust carried microbes which caused contamination, Pasteur believed disease must be caused by micro organisms germs This was the biggest turning point in medicine since the Theory of the Four Humours Why?
1875 Public Health Act Street lighting to prevent accidents Clean water to be provided Sewage disposal improved to prevent disease Public parks to increase exercise Inspection of lodging houses to make them clean and healthy Clean food to prevent food poisoning Public toilets to avoid pollution Health and Medical inspectors to enforce the rules
How can I remember all that? S = street lighting W= water was clean I = improved housing P= public parks E= employment of inspectors S= sewage disposal Take a swipes at Public Health
Welcome to the Modern World 1900 - onwards Public Health 1900-1914 Booth and Rowntree Booth Published reports from 1891-1903 Life and Labour of the London People Rowntree published Poverty As study of town life 1901 In this land of great wealth, during a time of growing prosperity, probably more than a quarter of the population are living in poverty B S Rowntree from his report in 1901
Liberal Social Reform 1906 Education (Provision of meals ) Act Local Authorities given the power to provide free school meals 1908 Pensions Act All people over the age of 70 given a pension 1911 National Health Insurance Act A compulsory insurance scheme for all workers earning less than 160 a year. When they were sick it allowed them to draw sick pay All these schemes had to be paid for and Lloyd George, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, would use taxes to pay for them.