INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

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1 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION The industrial revolution was another of those extraordinary jumps forward in the story of civilization. Stephen Gardiner

2 John Green Crash Course in History

3 IF YOU ARE NOT PREPARED TO BE WRONG YOU WILL NEVER COME UP WITH ANYTHING ORIGINAL KEN ROBINSON

4 TIMES THEY ARE A-CHANGIN Industrial Revolution The period of time where the way of growing food, manufacturing and transporting goods changed completely. Going from hand production methods to machines Transformed society and way of life History of working people s struggle to enjoy some of the benefits of the new technologies for themselves.

5 Positives New ways of farming New technology Products made quicker and cheaper Economy grew more wealth But, Factories long hard hours, unsafe conditions. Cities dirty, crowded, diseases Impact on environment Exploitation of Resources Global Warming Depletion of Ozone

6 GLOBAL ECONOMY Mother Country That nation that originated the empire. Example Britain Mother Country Canada, India, Australia Colonies Colonies supplied Mother Country with raw materials, and then bought finished products. COLONY RAW MATERALS MANUFACTURED GOODS MOTHER COUNTRY

7 Manufactured Products - Furniture - Clothing Raw Materials - Lumber - Furs

8 WHY BRITAIN? Britain led the world in industrialization. Because: Labour Supply Capital People willing to work. Farmers needing new employment (enclosure and commons) Wealthy individuals with money to invest in business Pro business government Influenced by middle class Raw materials Such as coal. Access to colonies resources Technology Transportation

9 ENCLOSURE Consolidating small strips of farm land into large fields.

10 WHY BRITAIN? Britain led the world in industrialization. Because: Labour Supply Capital People willing to work. Farmers needing new employment (enclosure and commons) Wealthy individuals with money to invest in business Pro business government Influenced by middle class Raw materials Such as coal. Access to colonies resources Technology Transportation

11 DEFINITIONS Laissez-faire policy Free as possible from government regulation Competition and self interest greatest good for greatest number of people. Supply and Demand More workers than jobs meant lower wages paid. Invention vs. Innovation

12 TRANSPORTATION Important to transfer goods from point A to point B. Roads medieval Muddy in bad weather slow Macadam Road Sloped to prevent mud. Trains and Canals

13 INVENTIONS Necessity is the mother of invention.

14 INVENTIONS Textile Industry High quality wool thanks to new farming Cotton From former USA colonies Flying shuttle Spinning Jenny The Mule Soon machines became so large and could no longer be powered by humans leads to factories

15 INVENTIONS Steam Machine Developed for the new need for a power source

16 FACTORY SYSTEM Cottage Industry Earliest part of revolution products made in people s homes. Never completely disappeared. Could look after families, live and work in community. But, poorly paid for long hours. When machines become too large and need power, leads to factories.

17

18 FACTORIES Created vast new cities. Hard on workers. Exposed to pollution Deafening noise Long hours Beaten

19 CHILDREN Education not mandatory. Sent to work by parents. Small size Sent up chimneys Mine shafts Small hands textiles Stunted /deformed bodies

20 MINES Coal dust Confined Space Low pay Long Hours

21 UNIONS AND STRIKES Social Reformers tried to improve working conditions. Workers try to use guilds to band together. Government reluctant. Eventually, passed Factory Acts. No one enforcing leads to unions.

22 WOMEN Did same work for lower pay. Had cash of their own for the first time.

23 COLONIES Why would people leave? Over crowded Population increased during Industrial Revolution Opportunities Avoid Class System Escape Poverty Irish Potato Famine Clearances

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