Ceramic materials with submicron structure based on nanopowders Uwe Reichel, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS Institutsteil Hermsdorf, D-07629 Hermsdorf, Germany Nanophotonics and Nanomaterials, 16.-17.09.2010, Tomsk
Ceramic materials with submicron structure based on nanopowders Structure of Presentation: The Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS History and Present of Ceramic Institute in Hermsdorf / Germany Vision Nanoceramics Selected Results and Experiences Draft of cooperative R&D projects Summary
Hermsdorf (Thuringia) Dresden (Saxonia) Start 2010: One institut Two location More potential in employees and equipment Addition of Know-how and capacity Better efficiency for customers Completely line from research to pilot plant
A9, Berlin Location: Hermsdorf / Thuringia A4 Frankfurt A4 Dresden A9, Munich Thuringia History: 1890: Porzellanwerk Hermsdorf as a branch of Porzellanwerk Kahla 1922: HERMSDORF-SCHOMBURG-Isolatoren GmbH ( Hescho ) 1952: VEB Keramische Werke HESCHO-Kahla Hermsdorf 1969: Kombinat VEB Keramische Werke Hermsdorf 1990: TRIDELTA AG 1992: TRIDELTA GmbH as a subsidiary of Jenoptik GmbH Foundation of HITK e.v. (in 2009: 75 employees) 1993: Foundation of inocermic GmbH as a subsidiary of HITK (in 2009: 35 employees) 2010: Integrate HITK and inocermic to Fraunhofer association
History since 1892: Porcelain production for electrical application 1897 : Invention of Delta Bell - Insulator Start for world-wide publicity
Competences today: Novel ceramic materials Development of ceramic catalyst materials, semiconductoring and dielectric ceramics Preparation, characterization and specific application of nanodisperse powders Ceramic Coatings Porous support oxide ceramics and membranes for filtration and gas separation, Ion- and mixed conducting membranes, Modules engineering Nanocomposites and sol-gel-coatings under clean room conditions Oxide Ceramics High-grade alumina and zirconia ceramics, Dispersion ceramics on the basis of alumina or zirconia, Composite materials Technologies for metallization and joining Nano Magnetic materials Soft and hard ferrite materials, NdFeB powders and processing CMR perovskite type materials, Composites and compounds Process engineering Granulation processing, Processing for swelling and porosification Coating of granules, Development of glass and glass ceramics Services Materials characterization, Testing, Design and simulation, Information and patent services Semiscale-plant / Pilot plant
Machines Bulk ceramics and coatings with high - corrosion stability - mechanical stability - thermal stability Medicine Preforms and implants with high - biocompatibility - mechanical strength - purity Chemicals and Environment Membranes Catalysts Bio-immobilization Industries and Products Microengineering Sensors Actuators Microsystem engineering Electrical Engineering and Optics Magnetic ceramics Transparent ceramics Semiconductors Composites Construction Heat insolation Sound isolation Granules
Vision Nano Main emphasis on the field of Nano Technologies: Characterize and processing of sub-µm- and nano-powders Mixing, homogenizing and coating of nano-powders with organic temporary additives and development of surface modified powders Nanocomposites and sol-gel-coatings for special applications Industrial processing technologies for forming and thermal technology Ceramic materials with improved properties: strength, hardness, reliability, optical transmission, thermal and chemical resistance Surface area machining and structuring
1) The Base: Manufactoring processes for Nanopowders Top-down Technology Mean Particle Size (D 50 ) Dry ground Wet ground 300 nm - (> 1 mm) 30 nm - (> 1 mm) Bottom-up Liquid phase synthesis 1 nm - 10 µm (Sol-Gel-Technique, Precipitation Technique, Hydrothermal synthesis) Gas phase synthesis 1 nm - 2 µm (Flame synthesis, Laser Vapourization, Plasma Technique) Scientific definition: Nano = Particle sizes < 0,1 µm
Example 1: Alumina (Plasma Technique) Pictures from TEM 300 nm 200 nm
Example 2: Zirconia (Plasma Technique) Pictures from TEM 300 nm 200 nm
Example 3: Zirconia (Laser Vapourization) Pictures from SEM 300 nm
Example 4: Different Techniques Pictures from SEM Spinell by Chemical coprezipitation: Scale: -- 100 µm Spinell by Pulsation reactor technique :
Example 5: Different Producer Pictures from SEM Scale: -- 200 µm All Spinell by Chemical Coprezipitation
Summary - Powder characterization - Main emphasis Mean particle size Particle size distribution Giant particles Particle form Hard or weakly agglomerated grains - Importand to manufacture bulk nanostructured ceramics - Basic for R&D to manufacture fully dense nanostructured ceramics with improved properties