Adapting Cities to Climate Change Scenarios for the City of Essen J. Alexander Schmidt University Duisburg-Essen Germany

Adapting Cities to Climate Change Scenarios for the City of Essen J. Alexander Schmidt University Duisburg-Essen Germany

Adapting Cities to Climate Change Scenarios for the City of Essen ExWoSt Research funded by the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development J. Alexander Schmidt University Duisburg-Essen

Situation Sensitivity Sensitivity of the region regarding social, economic and biogeographic conditions Specific sectoral sensitivity within the RheinRuhr Metropolitan Area Schematic illustration Sealed surface Heat island potential Heat wave days Vulnerability Population density Sensitivity Share of pop. >65 yrs

Situation Climate change in the Metropolitan Ruhr Area Climate Change _Rise in summer days and decrease in freeze days _Rise in days with strong precipitation _Rise in natural hazards

Situation Climate change in the City of Essen Climate Change _Rise in summer days and decrease in freeze days _Rise in days with strong precipitation _Rise in natural hazards

Climate Change in the Metropolitan Ruhr Area Temperature _Modeling and Calculation by 4 regional climate models (STAR2, WETTREG, REMO10, CLM) _Analysis of the changes (Handbuch Stadtklima) Expected impacts for Ruhr Area: Increase of temperature and heat waves in the whole Ruhr Area _annual temperature: +1,5 K up to +2,1 K _max. temperature in summer: +1,5 K up to +1,9 K _Summer days (t max. 25 C) : + 80% up to +95% _Hot days (t max. 30 C) : +130% up to +150% _Tropical nights ( min.-temperature night 20 C): +300% Impacts for City of Essen: _Increase of the heat island effect in inner city areas urban climate _Increase of temperature on the outskirts of the city exposure by heat

Climate Change in the Metropolitan Ruhr Area Precipitation Modeling of precipitation not easy, but _more Precipitation in winter, less in summer _increase of extreme events like storms and intensive rains Low tide May 2011 Floodwater January 2011 Climate Change in the Ruhr Area Precipitation

Climate Change in the City of Essen Macro survey area Neighborhoods with distinct climate change phenomenas

Climate Change in the City of Essen Macro survey area Scenario Cool City _Measures regarding the urban form are only useful if whole quarters will be considered _Indicators for urban/ecological grievance are i.e. deprivation in the neighborhood, lack of green open spaces, high density, lack of air exchange corridors

Climate Adaptation in the City of Essen Micro survey area Scenario Altendorf General conditions: Urban quarter Altendorf: high density, socially deprived, lack of green open spaces but: manifold restructuring processes _pilot area close to the new Krupp-Park

Climate Adaptation in the City of Essen Micro survey area Scenario Altendorf Status Quo pilot area _100% of the area is sealed surface _Use: Super-Market (ca. 24.000m 2 ) with parking spaces _good connections to public transport and road net _Barrier to the Krupp Park _Bad access from the existing urban quarter Altendorf

Climate Adaptation in the City of Essen Micro survey area Scenario Altendorf Status Quo pilot area: Climatological analysis (envimet-modelling) _Assumption: hot summer day _High temperature on sealed surfaces without shading _High wind speed on the open space Krupp-Park (2 m/sec.) _Night: more cooling at the green open spaces _High thermal imposition on areas with a high density and sealed surfaces Daily situation: temperature Daily situation: thermic comfort Daily situation: wind

Climate Adaptation in the City of Essen Micro survey area Status Quo pilot area: Climatological analysis (envimet-modelling) Nocturnal situation: temperature Nocturnal situation: thermic comfort Nocturnal situation: wind Daily situation: temperature Daily situation: thermic comfort Daily situation: wind

Climate Adaptation in the City of Essen Micro survey area Guidelines for urban planning _NO closed building blocks avoidance of heat accumulation and providing of ventilation _Building orientation east-west (longside) cold air flow from the Krupp-Park _Adaptation of building height to the context (3-4 floors) _Shading of the south facades of the buildings in order to avoid heating up _Avoidance of extensive surface sealing _Accessibility of green open spaces _Create green open spaces plant trees for more shading areas

Climate Adaptation in the City of Essen Micro survey area Scenario Altendorf Urban planning _increased density in the western part _central green axis _max. 4 floors, different building heights _flat roofs with terraces, green roofs or solar panels _greening of south oriented facades _minimized sealed surfaces _narrow and small streets _water surfaces

Climate Adaptation in the City of Essen Micro survey area Scenario Altendorf Enviment simulation- urban planning _Reduction of temperature in the whole area (also in the parts with the existing buildings) _Detached high temperatures at south oriented facades without shading trees (existing buildings) _Low temperature in the areas with shading facilities. _highest reduction of temperature in the western part close to Krupp-Park (-5K) Daily situation: temperature Daily situation: thermic comfort Daily situation: wind

Climate Adaptation in the City of Essen Micro survey area Scenario Altendorf Status quo and planning Comparison of temperatures Daily situation status quo Daily situation planning

Climate Adaptation in the City of Essen Results for climate-adaptive planning PLANNING Not only high-tech measures, but also measures in urban form and structure >building typology >integration of green open spaces and buildings >open space planning: trees providing shade ENERGY >less air conditioning >less CO2 emissions QUALITIES >less climate stress in public space >more walkability >higher liveability for all ages >healthy city