SPATIAL URBAN CLIMATE AND URBAN PLANNING UNDER CONSIDERATION OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE. Prof. Dr. Lutz Katzschner University Kassel Germany

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1 SPATIAL URBAN CLIMATE AND URBAN PLANNING UNDER CONSIDERATION OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Prof. Dr. Lutz Katzschner University Kassel Germany

2 Urban Climatology and Global Climate Change - Air pollution aspect (health risks) - Thermal aspect (heat stress) Climate Protection Emissions (green house effect) Global effects Regional climate Climate Adaptation global climate change Regional effects Urban climate (buildings/orientations/density

3 Increasing heat stress throughout the world Tokyo/Japan mean air temperature increase, Kassel/Germany number of heat days, Stuttgart/Germany spatial heat stress situation

4 UHI in relation to global climate change in Hong Kong Hong Kong Observatory Evaluations

5 To find the balance

6 Mortality and mean air temperatures in different climates mean daily temperatures C Hong Kong Observatory research

7 Six physical basic factors determining human thermal comfort other factors? - personal factors - psychological factors - sociocultural factors - adaptation, acclimatisation,

8 Urban Climate Map for planning recommendations Frankfurt /Germany Urban Climatic Map recommendations improvement of the thermal situation improvement of the dispersion of air pollutants

9 Legend für recommendations Classific ation name Description Evaluation fresh air productions or air path fresh air production on slopes mixed climates with local circulation pattern minor roughness and minor heat capacity mainly agricultural areas Forests and trees parks, gardens very important for climate High protection important for circulation to keep and maintain important linkage areas, foresee the orientation and density 4 heat island potentials 5 heat island 6 heat island max Urban areas with roughness but vegetation links dense built up areas with considerable roughness and heat load Extremely dense areas nor vegetation (city centre) thermal importance ; vegetation improvement thermal and air pollution problems; mitigation through ventilation and vegetation; heat stress increasing! heavy thermal load should be mitigated, heat stress problems

10 Thermal and dynamical analysis Frankfurt / Germany

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12 GIS Database Hong Kong Buildings Landuse Topography Meteorological data Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer 5 Layer 6 Layer 7 Layer 8 Layer 9 Layer 10 + = Urban Heat Island Dynamical Potentials UC Analysis Map

13 Circulation patterns as criteria for regional recommendations

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16 Urban climatic maps as tool for planning: Urban development level 1: : Zoning plan level 1: Microclimatic open space level 1:2.000

17 [ C] Stra 絽 Stra 絽 Stra 絽 nach Welsch 1985

18 Measurements and interviews

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20 morning evening median mean minima maxima thermal sensations N okay 312 PET ( C) warm sehr warm heiß sehr heiß 37

21 Mittlere Strahlungstemperatur Kassel Opernplatz :00 Uhr PET-Wert ENIVMET Simulations with increasing heat load Figure 1 to 3 air temperatures ENIVMET Simulations with increasing heat load Figure 4 to 6 PET values Abb. 1 Abb C 60 C 90 C 30 C 50 C 70 C Abb. 2 Abb. 5 Abb. 3 Abb. 6

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25 Measurements of the mean radiation temperature Kassel

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27 Objectives Strategies Actions Planning Time Scale Spatial Scale Albedo Cool material-building & pavement; Cool roof & facade; Water retention paving; Short term Material & Surface Level Intervention Marco Effect UHI Thermal Comfort + Air Pollution Air Quality Vegetation Shading Ventilation Planting & greeneries; Parks & open spaces; Building geometric design; Shelter design; Street orientation; H/W ratio; Trees; Air paths; Building ground cover & building bulks; H/W ratio; Street orientation; Open spaces; Building disposition; Building Level Intervention Urban & Planning Level Intervention Long term Micro Effect

28 work will continue Thank you for your attention!