I-ROX Chemical Reduction-Oxidation (REDOX) Technology 1.0 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW The I-ROX remediation products and application technology represent a new innovative tool for in-situ and ex-situ remediation of a broad range of air, soil and groundwater LNAPL (Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids) and DNAPL (Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids) contaminants. I-ROX is based on an innovative chemical platform that employs the integrated chemical reductive-oxidative reaction mechanisms for the degradation of persistent organic pollutants (POP) to achieve the applicable regulatory clean-up standards internationally. This technology is scheduled to be patent pending in 2013. I-ROX Enhanced Chemical Reduction-Oxidation has either in-situ and ex-situ application processes to rapidly break down contaminants in hours to days versus weeks to months or years. The I-ROX chemical reactions for petroleum hydrocarbons and selected chlorinated solvents are shown below. Note: petroleum hydrocarbons include: BTEX, TPH (F1 to F4) and PAH. Note: selected chlorinated solvents (list being developed and expanded in 2013-2014) 1
I-ROX is a rapid and cost effective remediation technology that fulfills a niche treatment option for air, soil and groundwater contamination, where few other options presently exist. In addition to being well suited for small to large scale site applications, it will address client and site factors which often include: the need to limit and/or resolve environmental risks, limited time frame, limited space, and limited budget to achieving compliance with regulatory clean-up standards. 2.0 CASE STUDIES This technology has been successfully applied at both bench scale and field scale applications in Australia, Canada, Europe, North America and South America. Sample case studies from 2009 through 2011 are provided below. Additional site applications in 2012 and 2013 will be made public following presentation at environmental conferences. 2.1 Wastefund Sponsored I-ROX Soil PAH Treatment Pilot (MGP Site) Melbourne, AUSTRALIA: By way of an example, the following results are from a government funded (WASTE FUND) and Victoria EPA managed site application in Melbourne, Australia (September to November 2009). Understanding that Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are considered good representatives of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants, as present in gasoline, diesel, and heavy-oils, this peer reviewed application demonstrates the efficacy of this technology. The following pictures show the reagent soil application, mixing by the excavator, and subsequent stockpiling on a liner and covered for progress monitoring. 2
Ex-situ application Post-treatment soil placement on Liner As indicated in the graph below, the total PAH and Benzo(a)pyrene soil concentrations were significantly reduced in just 48 hours (> 60%), and the soils achieving the strictest clean-up objectives in less than 8 weeks. I-ROX treatment of PAH impacted soil at an EPA funded site undergoing site redevelopment for mixed use commercial residential land uses. The Total PAH and Benzo (a) pyrene concentrations were significantly reduced by 61.4% and 65.7% respectively. As such, these soils were treated to re-use standards in just two (2) days after treatment. Subsequent analysis at eight (8) weeks confirmed the soils were remediated (>99%) to 0.1 ppm to nondetectable for PAH contamination, and could 3
2.2 Oil & Gas Site Soil Remediation, Northern SK, CANADA: The following photograph shows an I-ROX spray application at a remote site in northern Canada (only accessible by ice roads in the winter) in early March, 2010. A total of 865 tons of soil impacted with diesel range petroleum hydrocarbons (>5000 ppm TPH) were treated using the ex-situ I-ROX treatment method to well within regulatory guidelines with soil samples showing trace to non-detectable levels for TPH components. Soils were processed using an Allu bucket and the I-ROX amendment being spray applied. I-ROX treatment of soil at remote site northern SK, Canada (- 15 to - 25 o C) Client Quote: We accessed the remote site by helicopter and sampled the soil pile in early August, 2010. The laboratory results confirmed that the soils were compliant with the Tier I regulatory clean-up standards, with several of the samples showing trace to non-detectable petroleum levels in the F1, F2, F3 and F4 hydrocarbon fractions. 2.3 Soil Remediation, Patagonia, ARGENTINA: The following photograph depicts soils before and after I-ROX Treatment. The soils were originally impacted heavy-end petroleum hydrocarbons 15 to 25% (150,000 to 250,000 ppm) from an oil field in Patagonia, Argentina. Following treatment, a significant colour change and reduction in petroleum hydrocarbons concentration was realized. 4
I-ROX pre and post treatment oil and gas impacted soil, Patagonia Argentina These results (< 1%) confirmed that I-ROX could be used as a stand along soil treatment technology, or that it could be used as a pre-treatment step for subsequent bioremediation treatment. 2.4 Soil Remediation, Andorra, EUROPE: In July 2010, Ivey international Inc. worked on a soil remediation project where soils were impacted with PCB (Poly-Chlorinated Biphenyls) transformer oils. The PCB residual concentration was non-detectable, the baseline soil TPH levels exceeded 11,000 ppm and was reduced to <1500 ppm in 21 days following ex-situ I-ROX treatment. I-ROX spray application to the soil Post-treatment soil stockpile 5
The soils were sampled by NOVATERRA before, during and after treatment with results platted in the graph below. I-ROX remediation of transformer oil contaminated soil. Based on these results, the I-ROX treatment achieved a greater than 85% reduction in just 24 days. With I-ROX the European Union (EU) Regulatory soil clean-up objective was achieved rapidly. 2.5 Bench Scale Treatment Jet Fuel Soil Treatment (Europe) Between December 2010, and January 2011, a bench scale treatment of Jet Fuel impacted soils was undertaken using I-ROX. The photograph below shows the samples being prepared for treatment and the graph shows the results, for the three different application rates, after just 7 days while maintained at 4 o C. 6
Soil samples being prepared for three I-ROX application tests 7
After the addition of I-ROX the corresponding reductions in F1, F2, F3 and F4, after just 7 days, while being stored at 4 o C (Cold) can be summarized as follows: 5.03 % Ivey-sol F1 23.54% F2 (5.31%)* F3 10.99% 10.12% Ivey-sol F1 71.33% F2 10.64% F3 23.08% 20.07% Ivey-sol F1 81.08% F2 39.36% F3 45.05% Note: Understanding reaction rates double with every 10 o C increase in temperature, the above results should be viewed as sluggish and conservative. As such impressive! 2.6 Bench Scale Treatment Drill Cuttings (South America) In May 2011, a bench scale efficacy treatment test was performed on Drill Cuttings form an oil and gas site in South America using I-ROX. The photograph below shows the drill cutting samples (approximately 250 g each) being treated in glass jars at three different application rates. Note bubbling intensity with increasing I-ROX concentration. Increasing % of I-ROX From left to right. 8
After the addition of I-ROX the corresponding reductions in F1, F2, F3 and F4, after just 7 days, while being stored at 4 o C, can be summarized graphically as shown below. The dotted portion of the graph extends the 7 day observations following the same degradation rate for the I-ROX III application which yielded the greatest rate of chemical degradation. The treatment objective for these wastes was top get below 1% (10,000 ppm). Based on the rate of degradation for I-ROX III in less than 21 days. Results after 7 days post treatment at 4 o C. 9
CLOSING Additional case studies are available upon request. I-ROX can be combined with Iveysol surfactants (SEC-Surfactant Enhanced Chemicalization), which can make the sorbed contaminants more Chemically Available for the associated chemical oxidation/reduction reactions of I-ROX. Anecdotal feedbacks from environmental consultants who have completed SEC applications have been quite positive. Due to client confidentiality, they are not always in a position to share site application information publicly. The application and use of this technology will continue globally in 2013-2014. Prospective clients will be provided with assistance to obtain regulatory application approvals and on-going technical support, both on or off-site, as this new innovative remediation tool has gained increased international market application. As indicated on page 1, this technology is scheduled to be Patent Pending in 2013. If you have any direct questions, please contact our office: Ivey International Inc. Tel: + 1 604 538 1168 Fax: + 1 888 640 3622 E-mail: budivey@iveyinternational.com Web: Ref: I-ROX/Info Sheet/130401-04 10