Renewable Energy as Share of Total Energy Cheryl Gomez, PE, MBA, LEED AP BD+C Source: US Energy Information Administration Fossil Fuels (Non-Renewable) Supply Availability - Reserves & Production Natural Gas Liquid Fuels Solid Fuels Price Volatility Forecast Environmental Stewardship Educational & Research Opportunities Faculty, Staff, Students Recruitment & Retention Leadership Jan 2005 Jan 2006 Jan 2007 Jan 2008 Jan 2009 Jan 2010
Thermal & Electric Generation Transportation Bioproducts
Fuel Type Heat Content Units Biodiesel 5.359 MMBtu/Barrel Ethanol 3.539 MMBtu/Barrel Waste Alcohol 3.800 MMBtu/Barrel Digester Gas 0.619 MMBtu/MCF Landfill Gas 0.490 MMBtu/MCF Agricultural Byproducts 8.248 MMBtu/Short Ton Black Liquor 11.758 MMBtu/Short Ton MSW Biogenic 9.696 MMBtu/Short Ton Paper Pellets 13.029 MMBtu/Short Ton Peat 8.000 MMBtu/Short Ton Railroad Ties 12.618 MMBtu/Short Ton Sludge Waste 7.512 MMBtu/Short Ton Sludge Wood 10.071 MMBtu/Short Ton Solid Byproducts 25.830 MMBtu/Short Ton Spent Sulfite Liquor 12.720 MMBtu/Short Ton Utility Poles 12.500 MMBtu/Short Ton Biodiesel What is it? Can it be used in existing diesel engines? Emissions Does it compete with food? Weather Issues Gasoline & Ethanol E85 (cars) & E95 (Heavy duty diesel vehicles) What is it? Can my car use it? http://www.e85fuel.com/e85101/flexfuelvehicles.php Can my car be converted? Availability Does it compete with food? And some water..
Power Plants Thermal (Geo-exchange): Heating & Cooling Hot Springs in Steamboat Springs, Nevada. Several geothermal power plants at The Geysers. Closed Standing Open to Loop Column Recycle Conductive Conductive & Advective Advective 50 1A SH RA E8 04-1 6
Cornell University Cornell, New York Cayuga Lake Enwave Energy Corporation Toronto, Canada Lake Ontario Open/ Recycle Standing Column Closed Efficiency 1 2 3 First Cost 1 2 3 Geology 3 2 2 Maintenance 2 2 2 Regulatory 3 2 2 Thermal 1 1 2
Advantages Disadvantages http://www.infoplease.com/dk/science/encyclopedia/energy-sources.html Image by Ontario Power Generation This diagram of a hydroelectric generator is courtesy of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. http://www.technologyreview.com/tomarket/410692/firsttidal-power-generator/ An inspector examines a large turbine designed for generating electricity from the flow of a river. Photograph courtesy Free Flow Power Corporation P B 150 Power-Buoy with peak-rated power output of 150 kw http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wave_power http://japantechniche.com/2008/09/28/power-generation-based-on-ocean-thermal-energy-conversion/
Solar Power: Concentrating & Photovoltaic Solar Thermal: Heating & Hot Water Passive Solar The Genesis Solar Energy Project, a 250-megawatt facility in California, will use parabolic solar troughs like these to generate power. Credit: DOI Stirling Energy Systems, Inc. (SES)/Boeing, 25 kw Dish Stirling system at sunset. Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Photographic Information Exchange.
Type Example Annual Carbon Payback Photovoltaic 300 kw 160 35 Years What can we buy for $1 million? Need 30,000 SF of Roof Space MTCDE Electricity Cost Increases at 3%/Year (60 Years w/ no escalation) Wind energy from turbines such as these could produce 20% of the world's power by 2030, according to a new report. Credit: Todd Spink
What are they? How do they work? How is ownership verified? What do they cost? Why buy them? Solar photovoltaic (PV) Wind Geothermal Eligible hydroelectric Eligible biomass Co-firing of eligible forms of biomass with non-renewable is accepted under certain conditions Biodiesel (B100) Fuel cells using the above eligible fuels
REC tracking map courtesy of Ed Holt & Associates, Inc. http://apps3.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/markets/certificates.shtml?page=5 http://apps3.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/markets/certificates.shtml?page=5 http://apps3.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/markets/certificates.shtml?page=5
How does this differ from buying RECs? What are the price premiums? (Cents/kWh) What is the ROI (payback)? Does it take care of all carbon emissions from the campus? How much should be spent? http://apps3.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/buying/buying_power. shtml http://apps3.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/mark ets/certificates.shtml?page=5 http://www.srectrade.com/ http://apps3.eere.energy.gov/greenpo wer/buying/buying_power.shtml
Risk Management Financial Supply Operational Educational Institutions and Organizations Environmental Stewardship Educational & Research Opportunities Faculty, Staff, Students Recruitment & Retention Leadership Greenhouse Gas Emissions GOAL: Reduce GHG emissions to 250,000 MTCDE, a 25% reduction or 80,000 MTCDE below 2009 levels MTCDE per MTCDE MTCDE Fuel MMBtu (Virginia) Compared to NG Compared to NG Natural Gas 0.0531 Base Base Electricity 0.1665 3.14 3.14 More Coal 0.0962 1.81 81% More Oil 0.0728 1.37 37% More
Type Solar** / Photovoltaic Example Annual MTCDE 300 kw 160 Payback 35 Years (electricity increases 3% per year) Efficiency Initiatives Retro- Commissioning 2950 <2 Years Re-lamp Plant Upgrades 270,000 lamps (T8 at 25 W v T8 at 28-32 W [10 hrs/day, 365 days] Chiller Plant Controls 2800 Green Power $0.013/kWh 44,000 3 to 6 Years (3 Years for electricity only. Can likely get price discount on lamps.) 2000 < 5 Years No payback Need to spend $1 million every year. ** Assumes $3.50/Watt total installed cost.