STP600-EB/Jun. 1976 Index Abrasion Due to crack closure, 228 On Mode II fractures, 240 AgaMg-AgMg alloys, 160, 166 AISI 1025 steel Hydrogen attack, 88 Microstructure of, 91 Tensile properties, 90 AISI 4340 steel, quenched and tempered Fractography and sectioning, 15 Fracture process, 17 Inclusions, 17 Void nucleation, 15 Void sheets, 19 Alpha + beta titanium alloys, 99 Alpha phase in titanium alloy microstructures, Aluminum base alloys Al-AlsNi eutectic composite, 154 2024-13,220,235 2124-1851,19 7075-T6,220 Al 2024-T3 Mode II fracture, 235, 244 A1-2124-T851 Fractography and sectioning, 19 Fracture process, 23 Second phase particles, 20 Void nucleation and growth, 20, 21 Void sheets, 21 Al 7075-T6 Atmosphere Effect on fatigue processes, 49, 200 Auger spectroscopy, 51 A533-B steel Mode II fracture, 235, 242 B Beta phase in titanium alloy microstructures, Brass, 70Cu-30Zn Bubbles, hydrogen in mild steel, 90 Cathodic cleaning, 251 Cementite, 17,91, 175 Cleaning methods, 251 Cleavage Fatigue in H2 and O2, 55, 58 Fatigue of 17-4 PH stainless steel, 213 Fibers in eutectic composites, 157 Low AK Fatigue of Ti-6A14V, 117 Matrix in eutectic composites, 162 sec of welds, 65 Vacuum fatigue of Ti-6A1-4V, 75, 78 Contiguity, 139, 143, 144 Copper base alloys Brass 70Cu-30Zn, 220 OFHC Cu, 193 Corrosion product removal, 251 Crack closure, 53, 227 Creep of eutectic composites, 154, 168 Crystallographic fatigue cracking Hydrogen environment, 55 257 Copyright 1976 by ASTM International WTVw.astm. org
258 FRACTOGRAPHY-MICROSCOPIC CRACKING PROCESSES Load interaction induced, 226 Oxygen environment, 59 Stainless steel 17-4 PH, 213 Ti-6A14VatlowA^, 117 Ti-6A14V in vacuum, 75 Cyclic frequency And hydrogen content, 81 Effect on fatigue of Ti-6A14V, 75, 77 Cyclic plasticity, 193 D Dimple size, 11,36,43 Dimpled rupture (see Microvoid coalescence) DTfracture test, 206, 213 Ductile dimples (see Microvoid coalescence) Ductile fracture Aluminum alloys, 19 Anisotropy in steel plate, 177 Maraging steel, 9 Mechanisms, 5, 30, 174 Quenched and tempered steel, 15 Ductile intergranular fracture, 133 Edge sliding mode fracture, 235 Electropolishing to remove fatigue damage, 195 Energy dispersive X-ray analysis, 11, 20,32,91,139,143,147 Environmental effects Fatigue crack propagation, 49 Fatigue in vacuum, 75 Stress corrosion cracking, 62 Surface strains, 200 Faceted growth (see Crystallographic fatigue cracking) Fatigue crack growth rate Stainless steel, 174 PH, 205, 209 Ti-6A14V, 78, 116 Ultra-low, 220 Fatigue crack propagation Environmental effects, 49, 163 Stainless steel 174 PH, 205 Titanium alloys, 99 Ti-6A14V containing hydrogen, 75 Ultra-low growth rates, 220 Fatigue fractures Eutectic composites, 165 Nickel base alloys, 49 Steels, 49, 205 Titanium alloys, 49, 75,99 Fatigue life, 195 Forging of Ti alloys, 99 Fracture anisotropy, 172 Fracture energy W-Agalloys, 139, 142, 145 Fracture sectioning, 5, 64, 179 Fracture toughness of AISI 4340 steel, 10 A12024-T851,10 A12124-T851,10 A17075-T7351,10 A17079-T651,10 Maraging steel, 10 Mode II, 235, 236 Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, 10 Ti-6A14V, 100, 114 Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, 100, 114 Ti-6Al-2Sn4Zr-6Mo, 100, 115 Galvanic coupling in SCC, 64 Ghde plane cohesion, 229 Grain size, 195, 199 H Heat treatment effects Stainless steel 17-4 PH, 206 Ti alloys, 99 Hydride formation, 54 Hydrogen attack, 88 Hydrogen content And cyclic frequency, 81 Effect on fatigue of Ti-6A14V, 75
INDEX 259 I Inclusion distributions, 30,40,44 Inclusions Cracking of, 11, 21 Influence on hydrogen attack, 91 Interface separation, 15 Interparticle spacing, 33,43 Mode II fracture of steel, 242 Size distributions, 40,44 Inhibited acid cleaning, 252 Interfiber spacing, 156 Intergranular fracture Fatigue in Hj Gas, 51 Hydride formation, 54 Hydrogen attack, 92 Stress corrosion cracking of welds, 65 W-Ag alloys, 146 Intergranular segregation, 52, 57 Interlamellar spacing, 156 Interphase boundary fracture Eutectic composites, 163 Titanium alloys, 128 Load interaction in fatigue, 226 M Macrostructure of welds, 62 Manganese oxide inclusions, 91 Manganese silicate inclusions, 32 Manganese sulfide inclusions, 173 Maraging steel Average dimple size, 11 Fractography and sectioning, 9 Inclusion cracking, 11 Void initiation and growth, 11, 13, 29 Matrix shear in eutectic composites, 161 Mean intercept length, 138, 139, 144 Mechanical properties AISI 1025 steel, 90 Martensitic steel plate, 175 Stainless steel 17-4 PH, 206 Titanium alloys, 99, 114, 115 Melting and heat treatment of 174 PH, 205 Microstructural effects on Ductile fracture, 5 Eutectic composite fracture, 154 Hydrogen attack, 91 Titanium alloy fatigue and fracture, 99 Tungsten-silver alloy fracture energy, 139, 144, 151 Weld fractures, 30, 62 Microstructure Effect of forging and heat treatment in Ti alloys, 99, 104 Hydrogen attack, 91 Martensitic steel plate, 180, 183 Tungsten-silver alloys, 139, 144 Welds in 5Ni-Cr-Mo steel, 67 Microvoid coalescence in Eutectic composites, 157 High growth rate fatigue, 222 Hydrogen attack, 92 Stainless steel 17-4 PH, 213 Steel plate, 174 Stress corrosion cracking, 65 Ti-6A14V, 117 Tungsten-silver alloys, 146 Microvoid coalescence mechanisms, 5, 174 Mild steel Hyrdogen attack, 88 Welds, 30 Mild steel welds Dimple sizes, 36 Fracture process, 37 Inclusion size distribution, 40,44 Inclusion spacing, 33 Mode II fracture Al 2024-T4,244 A533-B steel, 242
260 FRACTOGRAPHY-MICROSCOPIC CRACKING PROCESSES Ti-6A14V, 240 Mode II fracture toughness, 235, 236 N Nearest-neighbor interparticle spacing, 33 Nickel base alloys Monel 400, 50, 53 Monel K500, 50, 53 Ni-23Co, 50, 52 Ni41Co, 50, 52 Ni-60Co, 50, 52 TD-Ni, 50, 55 Ni-Cr-Mo steel weld stress corrosion Freely corroding, 65 Coupled to Mg, 66 Coupled to Zn, 66 O Ordered-disorder AgsMg-AgMg eutectic alloys, 160, 166 Oxidation of fractures, 251 Oxygen, fatigue in, 58 Parallel fracture markings Slip offsets, 231 see Pseudo-striations see Striations Phosphorus in steel Segregation effects on fatigue in H2, 57 Powder metallurgy W-Ag alloys, 140 Precision matching, 75, 79 Pseudo-striations, 75, 83 Quantitative fractography, 8, 30 Quantitative metallography, 8, 30, 139, 142, 144, 156, 185 Quasi-cleavage, 75, 80, 83 Ratio analysis diagram, 213 Rust removal, 251 Second phase particles in Al alloys, 20, 244 Sectioning of fractures, 5, 64, 179 Sectioning techniques, 7 Shear dimples, 240, 244 Slip bands, 53 Slip mode, 229 Stacking fault energy, 230 Stainless steels Fatigue crack growth AISI 305, 220 Fatigue crack growth 17-4 PH, 205, 209,214 Melting and heat treatment, 206 Ratio analysis diagram, 213 Steels AISI 1025,88 AISI 4340,15 A514-B,50, 57 A515,30,45 A533-B,235 Carbon-manganese steel welds, 30 HP-94-20, 50 HY180, 50, 55 Maraging(18Ni-200),9 Martensitic plate, 172 5Ni-Cr-Mo, 62 Stereofractography, 7, 23, 37, 79, 117,180,215 Strain range, cychc plastic, 193 Stress corrosion cracking 5Ni-Cr-Mo steel, 62 Stress corrosion cracking tests, 63, 65, 66 Stress intensity, critical (see Fracture toughness) Stress intensity range Applied AK, 53, 75, 205, 209, 220 Effective AK, 53, 220, 227 Stress intensity threshold for SCC, K ISCC,63
INDEX 261 Stress ratio, R value, 209, 217 Striations Intermediate fatigue crack growth ratio, 220,222 Stainless steel 174 PH, 213 Ti-6A14V,79, 123 Sulfide inclusions in steel, 15, 173 Sulfur segregation in Ni alloys, 52 Surface cyclic plastic strain range, 193 Tear ridges Thermal cycling in multipass welds, 69 Thin foil TEM studies, 18, 22, Titanium alloys Ti-5Al-2.5Sn,23 Ti-6A14V,75,99,220,235 Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn,99 Ti-6Al-2Sn4Zr-6Mo, 50, 54, 99 Titanium carbo-nitride, 11, 29 Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Fractography and sectioning 23, 24 Fracture process, 24 Iron stabilized beta phase, 24 Twinning, 24 Void nucleation, 24,29 Ti-6A14V Fatigue fracture, 75,99, 220 Forging and heat treatment, 99, 101 Fracture toughness, 114 Hydrogen content, effect of, 81 Microstructure, 101, 106-112, 119-126 Mode II fracture, 235, 240 Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn Fatigue fracture, 99 Forging and heat treatment, 99, 102 Fracture toughness, 114 Microstructure, 102, 106-112, 129-132 Ti-6Al-2Sn4Zr-6Mo Fatigue fracture, 99 Forging and heat treatment, 99, 103 Fracture toughness, 115 Microstructure, 103, 106-112, 134-136 Transgranular fatigue cracking Hydrogen environment, 55 Oxygen environment, 58 Ti-6A14V, 75 Tungsten-silver alloys, 139 Twinning, 24 Vacuum, fatigue of Ti-6A14V in, 75 Void coalescence, 12, 21,92 Voidgrowth, 14,37,179 Void nucleation, 12, 14, 15, 20, 24, 37, 176 Void sheets, 17,21, 178 Volume fraction, 139, 142, 144, 156, 185 W Weld fracture Impact, 30 Stress corrosion cracking, 62 Welds Mild steel (A515 SMA), 30 5Ni-Cr-Mo (SMA), 62