Building Partnerships for Technology Generation, Assessment and Sharing in Agriculture among West Balkan Countries

Building Partnerships for Technology Generation, Assessment and Sharing in Agriculture among West Balkan Countries Changes in EU Agricultural Policy and the Role of Extension Ciaran Gannon/ 27 June 2007

Workshop Objectives. To create awareness on new challenges and trends in agricultural research for development and extension To share success stories/ best practices for linking agricultural research, extension, policy makers and farmers To share experiences in ICT applications for strengthening agricultural service institutions and their linkages To identify gaps and opportunities for better investment of scarce resources through regional cooperation To identify potential partners and promoters for regional collaboration To formulate and outline of a framework for future regional collaboration.put in in the the context of of evolution of of EU EU policy and and the the changing role role of of extension.

My Presentation. What is Extension..? Evolution of the policy framework Rural Development measures New challenges: Targeting of Extension Resources to maximise outcomes Efficient knowledge transfer Summary points for the West Balkans First First a quick overview of of what extension means to to different people

Extension? Voorlichting: lighting the pathway ahead Penyuluhan: lighting the path with a torch Beratung: advice how to reach your goal Aufklärung: enlightenment Erziehung: teach people to solve it themselves

Förderung: Furthering Extension? Vulgarisation: Simplify message for the common man Дорадчі: To advise Extension: The targeted use of information and advice to influence changes in behaviour What is is involved in in delivering extension..

AGENT CUSTOMER INFORMATION:= items of fact or knowledge Know the facts ADVICE: + opinion given or offered as to future action Know the facts and have some recommendations EXTENSION: + techniques for influencing and disseminating Widespread change in attitude, behaviour and skills What about delivery mechanisms..? ACTION OUTCOME

LEAF National steering committee National technical committee Farmers R earch Gov ment SAC Landcare group Co-ordinator and group members Local steering committee Local technical committee Specil ts R earch Facilitator Adviser Regional CBSC Farmers Cotton farmers Client Clients Regional CBSC Farmers External sources of information a b So, we we understand the function, and recognise there FWAG are various models for delivery, but how does the policy framework influence extension? Main CBSC website Govern mt Research Private consultants

1957 Treaty of Rome agriculture a special concern: low incomes and declining rural areas high share of employment and of consumers expenditure food security Policy Evolution Domestic Domestic Support: Support: Intervention Intervention Buying Buying Market Market Access: Access: Import Import Tariffs Tariffs Supply Supply Management: Management: Export Export Subsidies Subsidies

CAP CAP Impact... Impact... farmers responded by intensifying production UK Average Wheat Yields 1945-1999 9.00 8.05 7.70 8.00 6.97 high cost of managing surpluses grain and butter mountains, wine lakes, cost of export refunds etc tonnes per hectare 7.00 6.33 5.88 6.00 5.00 4.41 4.00 3.00 3.64 2.60 3.88 4.19 4.34 2.86 2.00 1.00 0.00 1945 in some cases intensification of agricultural production led to environmental damage Increased focus on Rural Development. 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999

Evolution of CAP Pre MacSharry 1993 1992 31 bn ECU Post MacSharry 1999 40 bn Agenda 2000 2004 45 bn Direct Direct Payments Payments: Arable Area Market Aid, Livestock Support: Of course we want to Headage take away all Intervention, unnecessary burdens Payments here as well, but we Export Refunds, must preserve the main objective Import Duties underlying the Cross-Compliance system: Market Mkt Support the delivery of public Support goods and services. This is in the interest of all - Structural and particularly of Rural Dev. Structural, the farming inc sector, because Funds Cross-Compliance Agri-envirnmt will help us to win EU-12 broader support EU-15 for our policy in EU-15 future. Fischler 2003-201 2006-2013 50 bn inc. RD Direct Mkt Support Single Paym t: Decoupled Historic or Regional Average Rural Dev. EU-25/27 Post Fischler 2010 2013 onwards? 35 bn inc. RD? 1992 2013 Mariann Fischer Boel- EU Commissioner, Oct 2006 Farm Advisory System Single Payment: Regional Ave. http://agrifish.jrc.it/marspac/meetings/2006-10-02_ispra/index.htm Rural Dev. Agri-env. Hill farming, Diversification etc. EU-30?

Structure of of the Rural Development Regulation Axis 1: Improving the competitiveness of the agriculture and forestry sector Axis 2: Improving the environment and the countryside Axis 3: The quality of life in rural areas and diversification of the rural economy Axis 4: Leader

Rural Development 2007-2013 LEADER AXIS AXIS I Competitiveness AXIS II Environment and Land Management AXIS II Economic drivers and quality of life Single set of programming, financing, monitoring, auditing rules SINGLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT FUND

Axis 1 - Competitiveness Article 21: Vocational training, information actions, including diffusion of scientific knowledge and innovative practises, for persons engaged in the agricultural, food and forestry sectors Article 22: Setting up young farmers Article 23: Early retirement of farmers and farm workers Article 24: Use by farmers and forest holders of advisory services Article 25: Setting up of management, relief, and advisory services. Article 26: Modernisation of agricultural holdings Article 27: Improving the economic value of forests Article 28: Adding value to agricultural and forestry products Article 29: Cooperation for development of new products, processes and technologies in the agricultural and food sector and in the forestry sector Article 30: Improving and developing infrastructure related to the development and adaptation of agriculture and forestry Article 31: Meeting Standards based on Community Legislation Article 32: Participation of farmers in food quality schemes Article 33: Information and promotion activities

Axis 2 - Environment Article 37: Payments to farmers in mountain areas and other areas with handicaps, other than mountain areas Article 38: Natura 2000 payments and payments linked to Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) Article 39: Agri-environment payments Article 40: Animal Welfare payments Article 41: Support for non-productive investments Articles 43-49: Measures targeting the sustainable use of forestry land Article 43 First Afforestation of Agricultural Land Article 44 First Establishment of Agroforestry systems on agricultural land Article 45 First afforestation of non-agricultural land Article 46 NATURA 2000 Payments Article 47 Forest Environment Payments Article 48 Restoring Forestry potential and introducing prevention action Article 49 Support for Non-Productive Investments New New objectives --Adaptation to to Climate Change and and Resource protection

Axis 3 Quality of life Articles 53 55: Measures to diversify the rural economy. Article 53: Diversification into non-agricultural activity Article 54: Support for business creation and development Article 55: Encouragement of tourism activities Articles 56 57: Measures to improve the quality of life in rural areas. Article 56: Basic services for the rural economy and population Article 57: Conservation and upgrading of the rural heritage Article 58: Training and information measure for economic actors operating in the fields covered by Axis 3. Article 59: Measure for skills acquisition and animation with a view to preparing and implementing a local development strategy.

Article 61 Leader Area-based local development strategies intended for well-identified sub-regional rural territories Local public-private partnerships (Local Action Groups) Bottom-up approach with a decision making power for local action groups concerning the elaboration and implementation of local development strategies Multi-sectoral design and implementation of the strategy based on the interaction between actors and projects of different sectors of the local economy Implementation of innovative approaches Implementation of cooperation projects Networking of local partnerships Support measures for candidate and potential candidate countries reflect this model

Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance IPA 5 components.. 1. Transition assistance and institution building 2. Cross border co-operation 3. Regional development 4. Human resources development 5. Rural development IPARD Axis 1: Improving market efficiency Axis 2: Prep for implementation of AE and LEADER Axis 3: Development of the rural economy This This more more holistic holistic approach reflects reflects the the model model for for sustainable development and and presents new new challenges for for those those involved in in extension integration, targeting and and knowledge transfer some some illustrations..!

Integrating Advice to deliver multiple outcomes SSSI Distribution and Unit Conditions FA VO URABLE FA VO URABLE OTHER DES TRO YED P ART DESTRO YED UNFAVO URAB LE DECLINING UNFAVO URAB LE NO CHANG E UNFAVO URAB LE RECOV ERING Phosphates Crops 0 Low Risk 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 High Risk

Targeting extension resources? Rate of adoption of new technology Innovators recognising rates rates of of adoption, and and target target zones.. zones.. Early adopters Early Majority Late majority Laggards Using GIS to to target multiple outcomes and Time

Fostering Fostering collaborative collaborative activity.. activity.. to to share share knowledge knowledge and and understanding understanding

Summary Points for the West Balkans New policy framework for rural development will necessitate an integrated and joined-up approach to address the significant challenges of competitiveness, environmental enhancement and social development GIS and other technology can facilitate targeting of extension resources for optimum effect Trans-regional collaboration is encouraged by the EU for the multiple benefits accruing The pace of change will not ease up

Final Comment. when the world is changing very slowly, you don t need much information But when the change is rapid, then there is a premium on information to guide the process of change Lester Brown, Environmental Analyst

WWW references EU Agriculture and Rural Development http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/index_en.htm Rural Development Policy http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rurdev/index_en.htm Interreg Programme http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/interreg3/index_en.htm UK Defra: Rural Development http://www.defra.gov.uk/rural/default.htm Centre for Rural Innovation http://www.cfri.co.uk/index.php

Building Partnerships for Technology Generation, Assessment and Sharing in Agriculture among West Balkan Countries Changes in EU Agricultural Policy and the Role of Extension Ciaran Gannon 27 June 2007