International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012 1 Comparison of the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Two Lakes at Lodra and Nardipur under Biotic Stress 1 A. C. Patel, and 2 Dr. R. S. Patel 1 Department of Biology, Sheth L. H. Science College, Mansa-382845 2 Department of Biology, KKSJ Science College, Maninagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Abstract- Water is essential for living organisms especially like Flora and Fauna. The presented study deals with comparative study of the periodic and aperiodic variations of Physico-chemical status of two lakes belongs of Lodra Lake and Nardipur Lake of Gandhinagar District, Gujarat India. Both lakes having natural freshwater body. Different data are collected and observed through various field trips. A comparative study of the periodic and aperiodic variations of Physico-chemical status of two lakes were studied in year January to June 2011. Both the lakes are biotically affected by various anthropogenic activities. In the present study water characteristics of two lakes have been compared the water quality. Different Parameters like ph, Fluoride, COD, BOD, Chloride, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Calcium Hardness, Magnesium, Magnesium Hardness, DO, EC and TDS analyzed. The result indicates that the both lakes are in polluted condition. Index Terms- Water characteristics, physico -chemical status, biotic stress. F I. INTRODUCTION resh water habitats occupy a relatively small portion of the earth surface as compared to marine and terrestrial habitats, but their importance to man is far greater than their areas. Fresh water are the most suitable and cheapest source for domestic and industrial needs and they provide convenient waste disposal systems. The increased demand of water as a consequence of population growth, agriculture and industrial development building construction has forced environmentalists to determine the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of natural water resources (Regina & Nabi, 2003) Temporary ponds are found throughout the world. Though, there are considerable regional differences in their type and method of formation, many physical, chemical and biological properties are quite similar. The worldwide distribution of water body type leads to a large variety of temporary pond type due to climate and geological differences (Solanki et al., 2007) Stagnant water bodies have more complex and fragile ecosystems in comparison to running water bodies as they lack self cleaning ability and hence, readily accumulate greater quantities of populations. Increased anthropogenic activities in and around the water bodies damage the aquatic systems and ultimately the physicochemical properties of water. The man is abusing water resources at a large scale. The effort to conserve these resources is present need. Factors that influence the sustainability of such lentic systems are temperature, transparency, salinity, biogenic salts, dissolved gases etc. (Munawar, 1970; Misra and Yadav, 1978) Since, ponds are favourable habitants for a variety of flora-fauna and anthropogenic society, so its regular monitoring is necessary for control. Recently, lot of work has been done on changing ecological behavior of ponds(mahananda et al., 2005; Kanungo et al., 2006; Gupta et al., 2008; Banerjee and Mandal, 2009) In the present study, two important ponds of different district were chosen for comparing the impact of biotic activities on physicochemical characteristics of pond s water. The study was performed during Jan,2011 to June,2011.Study area: Lodra Lake is located between 72 0 42 46 E to 72 0 43 23 E latitude and 23 0 27 06 N to 23 0 28 01 N longitude. and Nardipur lake is located between 72 0 33 47 E to 72 0 34 03 E Latitude and 23 0 20 09 N to 23 0 20 11 N longitude. A study of the water quality of the lodra and nardipur Lake, which is man-made water body. The Lodra Lake situated in Mansa taluka and nardipur Lake situated in Kalol taluka, Dist: Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. The studies on physico-chemical and biological examinations of the water of both Lakes were carried out in Jan to June 2011. Analysis of water chemistry was carried out with changes in water chemistry. Sites were selected for sampling Water samples, were examined for various physico-chemical parameters as ph, Total Hardness, Chloride Content, Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Calcium and Magnesium Content, Calcium and Magnesium Hardness, Alkalinity, Nitrates and Electric Conductivity (EC) etc by standard APHA (2005 ) methods. Both lakes are having natural freshwater body.
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012 2 Location Map of Different Lakes Belongs To Mansa and Kalol Taluka and Surrounding Area
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012 3 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS Frequent field trips were carried out during January to June 2011. In Lodra and Nardipur lakes were selected because they are affected by domestic purposes, sewage, cleaning clothes by local people, bathing of cattles by rural communities, small scale industrial effluents and worshiping activities. The water sample were collected from surface near the margins of the pond between 9-00 A.M. to 11-00 AM. The analysis of physicochemical parameters was done by following the standard methods (APHA,2005). The plate 1 shows Lodra lake in different views, Plate 2 shows Nardipur lake in different views. Table 1, is shown various parameters of Lodra lake and Table 2, is shown various parameters of Nardipur lake. Table-1: In mg Physico chemical analysis of water sample from Lodra Lake during January to July 2011
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012 4 LODRA LAKE Fig. 2 Fig.3 Fig. 4 PLATE 1
Values of different parameters International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012 5 Sr. No. Test Parameters Year-2011 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. june. Unit 1 ph 7.6 7.8 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.6 2 Dissolved Oxygen 5.6 5.8 6.2 6.4 6.8 6.8 mg / lit. 3 Total Dissolved Solid 236 246 264 272 282 280 mg / lit. 4 Electric Conductivity 350 364 391 403 418 414 mg / lit. 5 Chloride 15.2 15.8 17.04 17.5 18.2 18.02 mg / lit. 6 Alkalinity 92 96 104 106 110 108 mg / lit. 7 Total Hardness 106 111 120 122 127 125 mg / lit. 8 Calcium 22.6 23.7 25.6 26.2 27.2 26.6 mg / lit. 9 Calcium Hardness 57 59 64 65 68 67 mg / lit. 10 Magnesium 12.2 12.5 13.6 13.8 14.4 14.1 mg / lit. 11 Magnesium Hardness 49 52 56 57 59 58 mg / lit. 12 Fluoride 1.61 1.7 1.84 1.87 1.93 1.91 mg / lit. 13 Nitrate ND ND ND ND ND ND mg / lit. 14 C. O. D. 17.5 18.2 19.6 20.1 20.9 20.7 mg / lit. 15 B.O.D.(3 Day 27 C) 0.85 0.88 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.65 mg / lit. Parameters of Nardipur Lake 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. june. 50 0 ph Dissolved Oxygen Total Dissolved Solid Electric Conductivity Chloride Alkalinity Total Hardness Calcium Calcium Hardness Magnesium Magnesium Hardness Various parameters as mg/lit except ph Fluoride Nitrate C. O. D. B.O.D.(3 Day 27 C)
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012 6 NARDIPUR LAKE Fig.1 Fig.2 Fig.3 Fig.4 PLATE 2
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012 7 of domestic used like sewage, drainage, cleaning clothes, cattle and vehicle washing and run-off high amount of nutrients lead to eutrophication. The result also indicate that the lodra lake is a comparatively more polluted due to greater biotic stress. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The physico-chemical parameters of both the lake were analyzed from January to June 2011. And are presented Lodra Lake in table -1 and figure 1 to 4. And NardipurLake in table -2 and figure 1 to 4. The ph of both the ponds indicate the alkaline nature of lake and its various from 7.6 ph to 8.3pH of lodra lake and 7.6 ph to 8.6 ph of nardipur lake. The dissolved Oxygen various from 5.8mg /l. to 6.6mg/l of lodra lake and 5.6 mg/l to 8.6 mg/l of nardipur lake. Low content of dissolved Oxygen assign of organic pollution, its also due to inorganic reductants like Hydrogen sysulphide, Ammonia, Nitrates, Ferrous ions and other such oxidisable substances ( Ara et al., 2003) The alkalinity in the both lake various forms 76mg/l to 88mg/l of lodra lake and 92 mg/l to 110 mg/l of nardipur lake respectively. The high alkalinity is a function of ions exchang, that is calcium ions are replaced by Sodium ions and later contributed to alkalinity (Sharma and John 2009). Alkalinity may also cause due to evolution of Co2 during decomposition of organic matter. The Chloride contents in lake-1 and lake-2 various from 17.04 mg/l to 19.8mg/l of lodra lake and 15.2 mg/l to 18.2 mg/l of nardipur lake respectively. The chloride is one of the important indicators of pollution (Khare et al,. 2007) The Nitrate in a both lake is not indicate. The main source of Nitrate is the run-off and decomposition of Organic matter. The higher inflow of water and consequent land drainage cause high value of Nitrate. ( Thilanga et al. 2005). The variation in Calcium was found to be 16.8 mg/l to 21.6 mg/l of lodra lake and 22.2 mg/l to 27.6 mg/l of nardipur lake respectively. Calcium is linked with the Carbon dioxide and is an important constituent of the skeletal structure of organisms. Calcium forms the most abundant ions in fresh water. ( Thilaga et al. 2005). the variation in total dissolved solid was found to be 56 mg/l to 64 mg/l of lodra lake and 5.6 mg/l to 6.8 mg/l of nardipur lake. The variation in Electric conductivity was found to be 78 mg/l to 110 mg/l of lodra lake and 350 mg/l to 418 mg/l of nardipur. From the result obtained it can be concluded that both lake are polluted. Fresh water bodied due to the continuous discharge REFERENCES [1] APHA and AWWA (1985). Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. 16 th American Public Health Association, Washigton, DC. [2] Ara, S.,M.A. Khan and M.Y.Zagar(2003). Physico-chemical characteristics of Dal lake water. In : Kumar(Ed.) Aqu.Env.Toxicol., Daya Publishing House, Delhi, 128-134 [3] Banejee, D. and S.Mandal (2009). Water quality aspects of some pounds in asansol. Ecol.Env & Cons., 15(1) : 145-152. [4] Gupta, S.K., N.P. Tiwari and Mohd. Noor Alam (2008). Studies on Physco- Chemical status of two ponds at Patan in relation to growth of fishes. Nat.Env & Poll. Tech., 7(4) : 729-732. [5] Kangugo, V.K., J.N. Verma and D.K.Patel (2006). Physico-Chemical Characteristics of doodhadahri pond of Rainpur, Chattisgarh. Eco.Env.& Cons., 12(2) : 207-209 [6] Khare, S.L., S.R. Paul and Anita Dubey (2007). A Study of water quality of Khomph-Niwari lake at Chhatarpur, M.P. Nat.Env.& Poll.Tech.,6(3) : 539-540. [7] Mahananda, H.B., M.R. Mahananda B.P. Mohanty (2005). Studies on the physcio-chemical and biological parameters of a fresh water pond ecosystem as an indicator of water pollution. Eco.Env. & Cons., 11(3-4) : 537-541. [8] Munawar,M. (1970). Limnological studies of freshwater ponds of Hyderabad, India. I Biotope. Hydrobiol., 35 : 127-162. [9] Sharma, G. and R.V. John (2009). Study of Physcio-Chemical Parameters of waste water from dyeing units in Agra city. Poll, Res., 28(3) : 439-442. [10] Solanki, V.R., S.Murthy, S.Samba, A.Kaur and S.S.Raya(2007). Variations in dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand in two fresh water lakes of Bonhan, A.P., India. Nat.Env. & Poll. Tech., 6(4) : 623-628. [11] Thilaga, A.,Subhashini, S.Sobhana and K.L.Kumar (2005). Studies on nutrient content of the Ooty lake with reference to pollution. Nat.Env. & Poll. Tech.,4(2) : 299-302. AUTHORS First Author A. C. Patel, Department of Biology, Sheth L. H. Science College, Mansa-382845, E. mail: acpatel111@gmail Second Author Dr. R. S. Patel, Department of Biology, KKSJ Science College, Maninagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India., Email: rspbotany72@yahoo.co.in