Hydrogen Production Conventional and Renewable EU-Sustainable Energy Week Brussels, s, 09.02.2009, 0 009, Pascal Meyvaert
Hydrogen Market Ammonia (NH3) production (~ 50% of worldwide demand) Oil Industry (~ 45% of worldwide demand) Semi-conductor production Glass Industry (Shielding gas) Hydrogenation of fats and oils Methanol production Production of HCL Plastics Recycling Rocket fuel Welding, cutting New application: Fuel Cells and H2 internal combustion engines 2
The Entire Hydrogen Value Chain Automotive Compression/ Liquefaction Distribution Filling Station H2 - ICE Fuel Cell H2 Production New Market Linde Competence Fossil Energy (Natural Gas) Renewable Energy 3
Hydrogen Production Today: Hydrogen as Industrial Gas - from Fossil Feedstocks 99% from fossil feedstocks thereof ~ 70% from natural gas Source: ECOFYS 2004 & DWV 4
Conventional Hydrogen Production Steam Methane Reforming CH 4 + 2 H 2 O 4 H 2 + CO 2 5
Renewable Hydrogen Production Options H 2 as Energy Storage for Renewable Energy Systems Very high potential - still high electricity acquisition costs (PV) or high distances from H2 demand centres (SOT) ENERGY RENEWABLE Very high potential due to a fluctuating availability, combined energy storage & H2 production seems promising Potential has been made available geographically limited able to provide base load High potential - in particular the use of biogenous residues seems very promising Technology is not yet commercially available - very high potential - able to provide base load 99% aus fossilen Quellen The use of bio feedstocks in particular bio-residues offers an economical viable option for renewable H2 production in the short- to mid-term 6
BioHydrogen Possible Pathways Product BioHydrogen Technology Steam Methane Reforming Gasification (Synthesis Gas & CO-Shift) Pyrolysis, Gasification/ Reforming, Intermediate Anaerobic exposure Biomethane from Biogas Feedstock E.g. Organic Residues, Energy Crops, Lignocellulosic Biomass Biogenous residues (e.g. (Straw, wood, ) organic industrial waste) 7
Process Scheme Steam Methane Reforming Demin Water ess Steam Waste Heat Recovery H2-Recycle Export Steam Feed Feed Pretreatment Proc Steam Reforming CO-Shift Conversion Pressure Swing Adsorption Hydrogen Purgegas Fuel 8
Biomass Formation Photosynthesis Solar Energy Photosynthesis 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 Biomass = Stored Solar Energy 9
Worldwide Biomass Potential (IEA Scenario) 2008 Biomass Coal Commercial Biomass 2000 2010 2020 2020 1Mtoe =11.630GWh = 4,1868 10 4 TJ (Mtoe = metric tons equivalent of oil) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL): Potential of Biomass: 15% of the world s energy by 2050 Source: World Energy Outlook, International Energy Agency, 2005 10
765.000 Sustainable Hydrogen Production Classification of Potential Net Cruising Range 380.000 475.000.000 410.000 480.000 750.0000 260.000 160.000 800.000 2010 H2 140.000 600.000 2020 H2 2010 Alt. Biofuels 120.000 400.000 2020 Alt. Biofuels 100.000 000 [km / mio. ha*a] 200. PV - LH2 - FC PV - CGH2 - FC Wind donshore - CGH2 - FC Rape Seed - RME Wind Onshore - LH2 - FC Entire Wheat Plant 80.000 60.000 40.000 20.000 0 11 Ener ergy Maize - LH2 - FC Energy Maize - CGH2 - FC Energy Maize - BioMethane Poplar - LH2 - FC Poplar - CGH2 - FC Poplar - BtL Source: Own Calculations; Concawe/EUCAR Well to WheelStudy 2007;
Steps into a Hydrogen Infrastructure Transportable Equipment - Mobile Equipment Stationary-, and public Filling stations Hydrogen Infrastructure 12
Climate Neutral Hydrogen A first step, The TrailH2 mobile fuelling station 13
Climate Neutral Hydrogen A second step, Linde demo fuelling station Munich 14
Stationary/Public Filling Station A third step, Demo projects CEP Berlin
Nothing beats practical experience Total / BMW fuelling station LH2 Brussels 16
Nothing beats practical experience Opel HydroGen4 sales team Berlin (02/09) 17
Nothing beats practical experience Tourist FC boat project Amsterdam (04/09) 18
Nothing beats practical experience Belgian Hydrogen and FC Club (05/09) 19
Thank you for your attention EU-Sustainable Energy Week Brussels, 09.02.2009, Pascal Meyvaert Mobile : +32.476.622.347 Mail : Pascal.meyvaert@linde.com