Watershed and Water Quality Modeling to Support TMDL Determinations Lake Oologah 26 th Annual Conference Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds Association (OCLWA) April 5-6, 2017 Stillwater, Oklahoma
Lake Oologah Watershed-Lake Model Verdigris River Basin Pollutant Sources Designated Uses Water quality impairments Watershed Model Lake Model Model Results Model Application
Lake Oologah Verdigris River Basin Area upstream of lake is 4,339 sq-miles (23% in OK) 31,040 acre USACE reservoir Public water supply for Tulsa, Public Service of OK; Collinsville, Chelsea, Claremore; RWDs Rogers, Nowata, Washington Co. Point source wastewater Nonpoint source runoff from urban/rural areas
Designated Uses 303(d) Impairments and WQ Targets Flood control, water supply, recreation, navigation, fish and wildlife propagation Impaired for Warm Water Fish and Wildlife Propagation Classified as eutrophic lake by Trophic State Index (TSI) Annual 90 th percentile Turbidity < 25 NTU Surface DO > 5 mg/l Lake volume DO: < 50% can be < 2 mg/l during stratified season
EFDC HSPF Management Scenarios Flow, Loads Watershed Hydrodynamics Sediment Transport Water Quality Sediment Bed & Flux Water Quality Targets
HSPF Watershed Model Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran Sub-watersheds Rainfall/meteorology Topography Land uses/soil types Stream channels Overland flow Infiltration/groundwater Flow (Q) and WQ (TSS, Wtemp, DO, BOD, N, P, Algae)
HSPF Watershed Model Middle Verdigris 59 Sub-Watersheds 2 Yrs Calibration, 2004-2005 2 Yrs Validation, 2006-2007 2006 drought year Flow (USGS) WQ (EPA, OWRB, USACE) State variables are Flow, TSS, Water Temperature, DO, BOD, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Algae
Flow and TP: Middle Verdigris R Flow (cfs) USGS 07171000 2006-2007 Lenapah, OK TP (mg/l) USACE VR-2 2006-2007 TP (mg/l)
Lake Oologah Conceptual Model Mass balance causeeffect watershed flow, loading & lake WQ response Riverine, transition, lacustrine zones affect transport and WQ in reservoir Summer stratified Winter well-mixed Hypolimnetic DO depletion controlled by stratification/sod Internal source of nutrients from sediment bed
Boeckmann (2010) Nowata Star, Jun 18,2003
Chlorophyll a (ug/l) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) WQ Impact of Zebra Mussels? 16 14 Legend OOL-1-Data Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary Bottom DO OOL_1 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days) 40 30 Legend OOL-1-Data Jan 2006-Dec 2007 Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary Sfc Chl-a OOL_1 20 10 0 Dec-05 Feb-06 Apr-06 Jun-06 Aug-06 Oct-06 Dec-06 Feb-07 Apr-07 Jun-07 Aug-07 Oct-07 Dec-07 Time (days)
Chlorophyll a (ug/l) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) WQ Impact of Zebra Mussels? 16 14 12 Legend OOL-1-Data OOL-1-Model (Layer 1) OOL-1-Data Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary Bottom DO OOL_1 10 8 6 4 2 0 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days) Model without Zebra Mussels 40 Legend OOL-1-Data OOL-1-Model (Layer 5) OOL-1-Data 30 Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary Sfc Chl-a OOL_1 20 10 0 Dec-05 Feb-06 Apr-06 Jun-06 Aug-06 Oct-06 Dec-06 Feb-07 Apr-07 Jun-07 Aug-07 Oct-07 Dec-07 Time (days)
EFDC Surface Water Model Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code EFDC Model Hydrodynamics Water Quality Sediment Transport Toxics Sediment Diagenesis
Lake Model Data Data Set Lake bathymetry, water level, dam releases Watershed flow/loads Wastewater flow/loads Meteorology WQ (T,DO,TSS,N,P,Chl, Secchi, Turbidity) Sediment bed (TP, TKN, TOC, solids) Data Source USACE Tulsa District & City of Tulsa Oologah Lake Watershed Assessment Study (2012) HSPF watershed model NPDES DMR records Oklahoma Mesonet USACE WQ and Sediment Bed Chemistry, 5 sites
EFDC Lake Model Oolagah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Bottom Elev (m) 173.609 2006-01-01 00 194.535 888 Cells 5 Layers OOL_1 OOL_3 OOL_2 OOL_5 OOL_4 External Load: HSPF & WWTP (Flow, WQ), AtmDep (N,P) Hydro: Lake level, Temp Sediment: TSS, BedSolids WQ: Chl, DO, C, N,P Internal Load: SOD, N,P fluxes, Bed C,N,P Cal/Val: 4 sites, 2 yrs, 1/2006-12/2007
Turbidity (NTU) Turbidity Storm: July 1-2, 2007 225 Oolagah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model 200 175 Turbidity: Sfc OOL_3 Legend Turbidity Model (NTU) OOL_3 (Sfc) Turbidity Obs (NTU) OOL_3 (Sfc) 150 125 100 TSS vs Turbidity 75 50 25 0 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days)
Flow (m 3 /s) TSS, Storm: July 1-2, 2007 Flow (cms) Verdigris R, Lenapah, OK 4500 4000 3500 Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Boundary Condition Time Series Legend Flow, Series:Verdigris River 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 Animation Bottom TSS 0 20-Jun-2007 25-Jun-2007 30-Jun-2007 05-Jul-2007 10-Jul-2007 15-Jul-2007 Time (days) Storm: July 1-2, 2007
Chlorophyll a (ug/l) Secchi Depth (m) Secchi Depth and Chlorophyll 2.5 2.0 Legend i=43,j=33, OOL_3 Obs Data OOL-3 Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Secchi Depth Secchi: OOL_3 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days) 40 30 Legend OOL-2-Model (Layer 5) OOL-2-Data Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary Chl-a: OOL_2 20 10 0 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days)
Dissolved Temperature Oxygen ( C) (mg/l) Dissolved Oxygen 40 16 35 14 Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary Legend Legend OOL-1-Model OOL-1-Model (Layer 5) (Layer 5) OOL-1-Data (Sfc) OOL-1-Data (Sfc) OOL-1-Model OOL-1-Model (Layer 1) (Layer 1) OOL-1-Data (Bottom) OOL-1-Data (Bottom) Sfc & Bot DO: OOL_1 30 12 25 10 208 156 104 52 0 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days)
Storm: July 1-2, 2007 Anoxic Volume 2006-2007 Jun-July-Aug 2007 Storm Event July 1-2, 2007
Anoxic Volume Jun-July-Aug 2007 Animation Jun 9-Jul 27 Storm Event July 1-2, 2007 Animation
Total Phosphate (mg/l) Total P (mg/l) Nutrients (TP and PO4) 0.5 0.4 Legend OOL-2-Model (Layer 5) OOL-2-Data Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary TP: OOL_2 (Sfc) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days) 0.5 0.4 Legend OOL-2-Model (Layer 5) OOL-2-Data Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Calibration Results: Time Series Summary PO4: OOL_2 (Sfc) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days)
EFDC Sediment Flux Model POM Biological Production Detritus Deposition Internal Loading SOD Benthic Flux N Benthic Flux P Particulate Organic C,N,P Water Sediment Bed Decay Burial Dissolved Inorganic C,N,P
Sediment Bed Chemistry USACE Survey in Aug- 2000 TP, TKN, TOC Bulk density; % Solids; % Sand, Silt, Clay Initial conditions for Sediment Flux Model based on USACE bed chemistry data, 5 sites
Phosphate Flux (g/m 2 /day) 0.016 0.012 Sediment Flux PO4: Model & Observed 16 mg P m -2 day -1 Legend i=48,j=4 OOL_1 i=43,j=33 OOL_3 i=41,j=43 OOL_4 Oologah Lake Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Benthic Phosphate Flux OOL_4 0.008 OOL_3 0.004 OOL_1 0.000 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06 Sep-06 Nov-06 Jan-07 Mar-07 May-07 Jul-07 Sep-07 Nov-07 Time (days) Jan 2006-Dec 2007 (Dzialowski & Carter, OSU) N=17 Central Plains reservoirs
How Well Did Model Perform? Hydrodynamics: Simulated seasonal trends of water temperature and stratification Water Quality: Matched seasonal trends of DO, nutrients, chlorophyll, and secchi depth Sediment Flux: Internal benthic flux of phosphate comparable to observations from other mesotrophic and eutrophic Central Plains reservoirs
Zebra Mussels WQ in 2006 (ZM present) vs. 2007 (ZM absent)? WQ change not detected in USACE station data WQ impact of ZM in Lake Oologah may be localized? ZM in Lake Hefner (2016) Recommend monitoring of ZM to track density and WQ over the years 2016 Distribution https://nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/mollusks/zebramussel/
Summary HSPF watershed and EFDC lake model provides DEQ with a defensible tool for WQ assessments Water quality targets are DO and turbidity Model will be used by DEQ to support TMDL determinations for Lake Oologah (TN, TP, TSS)
Lake Oologah Watershed-Lake Model Questions & Discussion Andy Stoddard Dynamic Solutions, LLC www.dsllc.com astoddard@dsllc.com (540)338-3642