POTATO ECOLOGY AND MODELLING OF CROPS UNDER CONDITIONS LIMITING GROWTH

POTATO ECOLOGY AND MODELLING OF CROPS UNDER CONDITIONS LIMITING GROWTH

Current Issues in Production Ecology VOLUME 3 The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.

Potato Ecology And modelling of crops under conditions limiting growth Proceedings of the Second International Potato Modeling Conference, held in Wageningen 17-19 May, 1994 Edited by A.J. HAVERKORT DLO-Research Institute for Agrobiology and Soil Fertility, Wageningen, The Netherlands and D.K.L. MacKERRON Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, UK * Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.

Librar y of Congres Cataloging-in-Publication Data Potat o Ecolog y and Modellin g o f Crops under Condition s Limitin g Growth / edite d by A.J. Haverkor t and D.K.L. MacKerron. p. cm. (Curren t Issue s I n productio n ecolog y ; v. 3 ) Papers fro m a conferenc e hel d i n Wagenlngen, th e Netherlands, May 1994. ISBN978-94-010-4028- 0 ISBN978-94-011-0051- 9 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0051-9 1. Potatoes Growth Computer simulation Congresses. 2. Potatoes Physiology Computer simulation Congresses. I. Haverkort, A. J. II. MacKerron, D. K. L. (Donal d K. L. ) III. Series. SB211.P8E338 1995 635'.2 1 '011 dc2 0 95-7370 ISBN 978-94-010-4028-0 Printed on acid-free paper All rights reserved 1995 Springer Science+Busines s Media Dordrecht Originall y published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1995 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informatio n storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owners.

Contents Preface ix l. Models in research and education, planning and practice F.W.T. Penning de Vries & R. Rabbinge 2. Crop physiology of potato (Solanum tuberosum): Responses to photoperiod and temperature relevant to crop modelling P.C. Struik & E.E. Ewing 19 3. Modelling development and growth of the potato crop influenced by temperature and daylength: LINTUL-POTATO P.L. Kooman & A.J. Haverkort 41 4. Physiology of crop response to drought R.A. Jefferies 61 5. Modelling water and nitrogen uptake of a potato crop growing on a ridge P. de Willigen, M. Heinen & B.J. van den Broek 75 6. Physiological effects of changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on growth and water relations of crop plants S.e. van de Geijn & P. Dijkstra 89 7. Simulated effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on the productivity of potato. Interaction with cultivar differences for earliness A.H.C.M. Schapendonk, e.s. Pot & J. Goudriaan 101 8. Nitrogen and the growth of potato crops J. Vos 115 v

VI Contents 9. Modelling to optimize the use of both water and nitrogen by the potato crop D.K.L. MacKerron & G.J. Lewis 129 10. Simulation of nitrogen uptake from soil and partitioning in potato plants: Model description and sensitivity analysis S. Fishman & B. Bar-Yosef 147 11. Crop physiological responses to infection by potato cyst nematode (Globodera spp) A.J. Haverkort & D.L. Trudgill 167 12. Modelling the interaction between potato crops and cyst nematodes M. van Oijen, F.J. de Ruijter & R.J.F. van Haren 185 13. A growth model for plants attacked by nematodes C.H. Schomaker, T.H. Been & J.W. Seinhorst 197 14. Factors involved in the development of potato late blight disease (Phytophthora infestans) J.G. Harrison 215 15. Simulation models of potato late blight M. van Oijen 237 16. Life cycle and ecology of Verticillium dahliae in potato L. Mol & A.J. Termorshuizen 251 17. Modelling the dynamics of Verticillium dahliae A.J. Termorshuizen & L. Mol 265 18. Use of a crop-growth model coupled to an epidemic model to forecast yield and virus infection in seed potatoes T. Nemecek, J.O. Derron, A. Fischlin & O. Roth 281 19. Prescriptive crop and pest management software for farming systems involving potatoes W.R. Stevenson, J.A. Wyman, K.A. Kelling & L.K. Binning 291 20. An advisory system for the management of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera spp) T.H. Been, C.H. Schomaker & J.W. Seinhorst 305 21. Handling qualitative and uncertain information B. Marshall, J.W. Crawford & J. McNicol 323

Contents Vll 22. The use of models in potato breeding D. Ellisseche & J. Hoogendoorn 341 23. Agro-ecological zonation for potato production H. Van Keulen & W. Stol 357 24. Future focus of physiology and modelling of potatoes C.D. van Loon 373

Preface Potato is the fourth major staple food in the world and is still rapidly gaining importance, especially in the tropics. In May, 1994 the second international potato modelling conference was held in Wageningen, the Netherlands, as a summerschool of the C.T. de Wit Graduate School. The conference was sponsored by DLO, SCRI, SSCR, W AU and the LEB-Fund. Over 80 scientists participated, coming from 16 countries. Of each crop physiological and modelling subject, a leading scientist was requested to write a review of the most recent developments in his or her field. The reviews, with highlights from the authors' own work, are such that the physiological work described is of interest to the modeller and the modelling work to the crop physiologist. Applications of the quantitative approach are also reviewed in the concluding chapters that deal with decision support systems, breeding and agro-ecological zoning. An outstanding point of this book is that both the crop ecology and the modelling of a broad range of biotic and abiotic factors are treated by scientists representing groups which are specialized in the subject. The two related disciplines met during the conference and thus wrote the chapters with each other's interest in mind. The book highlights the limitations for potato growth and development from the viewpoints of both the crop physiologist and the crop-systems analyst. The abiotic factors influencing potato growth include environmental factors such as temperature, solar radiation and carbon dioxide which increasingly affect potato crops in tropical climates and as a result from the global change. Air-borne diseases and pests of which the ecological effects on crop production are treated, are late blight and aphids and soil-borne organisms include potato wilting and potato cyst nematodes. Although the potato crop is used as an example, this book highlights recent advances in knowledge of both the crop ecology and modelling of a field grown crop and as such is of interest to any scientist dealing with field grown arable and vegetable crops. IX

x Preface We hope that the book is relevant to those who apply quantitative approaches in crop physiology, crop ecology, breeding, decision support systems, modelling sustainability and agro-ecological zoning in agricultural production. Anton J. Haverkort AB-DLO, Wageningen, the Netherlands Donald K.L. MacKerron SCRI, Dundee, United Kingdom