CAMBODIA: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM & E-GOVERNMENT 1-3 DECEMBER, SEOUL, REPUBLIC OF KOREA Presentation by: THUN Bunthoeun Council for Administrative Reform (CAR), Cambodia
Content Introduction Administrative Reform Public Service Delivery & ICT Promotion E-government Policy Challenges JICA & NiDA Survey Report (2009) Conclusion 2
Introduction General Status Information Area (Sq.Kms): 181,035 Population (2010 est.): 14,453,680 Pop. growth rate (2010 est.): 1.7% Pop. Below poverty (2004): 31% Literacy (read &write): 73.6% (male: 84.7%, female: 64.1% 2004est.) GDP (2009): USD10.8 billion GDP Per capita (2009): USD1,900
The mass destruction and genocide of the Pol Pot regime have destroyed the human and institutional capacity of the Country. The present Administration is the results of peace and reconciliation imperatives and a direct consequence of the Win-Win strategy to unify the Administration in early 1999. Various administrations were unified into one Public Administration. The Royal Government wants to deepen and widen the Administrative Reform building on significant and sustainable achievements to date to transform public administrators into service providers. 4
Administrative Reform 2004-2008 Service Delivery Improvement Enhance Pay & Employment PMG Promote ICT Capacity Development Serving People Better 5
Administrative Reform 2009-20132013 Goal: Serving People Betterfor the wellbeing of citizens and the prosperity of the Nation Target: The Public Administration becomes an effective Public Service provider Through: Transparency Responsiveness Motivation Efficiency Loyalty Professionalism Culture of Service 6
The National Program for Administrative Reformis designed to: Gradually change attitude and behavior Enhance human and institutional performance and accountability Develop human and institutional capacity to implement and sustain Mobilize and deploy requisite resources for implementation National Program for Administrative Reform is not involving directly with E-government, but it partly contributes to E-government through the promotion of ICT in delivery of public services 7
Public Service Delivery and ICT Promotion The objective of promoting ICT is to rapidly enhance the responsiveness and efficiency of service delivery processes both in the back office and the front office, and also to enhance transparency and accountability of those processes 8
Situation ICT is powerful instrument of reform, both by enhancing efficiency (doing more with less) and changing the way government delivers services ICT enhances capacity improving access to information related to service delivery systems To date, Administrative Reform has focused on Improving delivery of public servicethrough developing and implementing HRMIS (Human Resource Management through the Information System); Computerized delivery of public services: Automated Payroll, Compendium of Information on Public services 9
HRMIS HRMIS functionality and accessibility to manage and control the establishment enhancing online access, improving budgetary control and skills management, and streamlining HR processes e.g. retirement; extended information field for new application e.g. training needs (on the way) HRMIS center allowing access and manipulation by ministries (still under-construction) For maintenance and operation of HRMIS, train system administrators and end users across government (in the plan) 10
Computerizing Delivery of Public Services 1. Automated payroll for all public servants computerization is efficiency tool in compiling statistics, processing large quantities of data, facilitating access and ease of use accurate and on time 2. Compendium of information on public service (at first stage): set information standards on public services as document for service users and providers (underway), then pose on CAR website, and other ministries websites 11
E-government policy Within Cambodia, NiDA(National ICT Development Authority) is the authority making ICT policy and strategies to promote ICT for all public institutions, private sector and government ministries, especially to organize and administrate the e-government. The Cambodian government has already launched e- government for all ministries. This e-government initiative allows to share information and exchange documents within and between ministries, and to create the national database for the country. However, Cambodia is just in the early stage of ICT development 12
National ICT policy In 2003, the government adopted a policy to use ICT as a potential enabler for national socio-economic and social development. Promoting the use of modern technologies to enable to respond to the current needs in all the sectors. In the short run, ICT is used to serve and to meet the day-to to-day needs of the people. Promote the use of ICT in public sector to provide quick response, efficiency, transparency and good governance. Cambodian ICT policy follows with the digital divide opportunity which focuses on 5 core development agendas. 13
E-Government development plan e-government System: Vertical Enhancement D-WAN P-WAN Pr-WAN Towards Entire e-government System Towards Entire G-WAN C-WAN V-WAN Network Infrastructure: Horizontal Expansion Keys P-WAN: Phnom Penh WAN (existing) (1) Pr-WAN: Provinces WAN (23) D-WAN: Districts WAN (185) C-WAN: Communes WAN (1,622) V-WAN: Villages WAN (13,866) 14
Objectives To improve productivity and efficiency of clerical work at governmental offices (Back Office Service) To provide better services to private enterprises and citizens (Front Office Service) To create data bases containing various types of information that people need and can get access at any place and at any time To promote development of industry To strengthen the legal system and law enforcement To strengthen Good Governance and broaden citizen participation Most importantly is to generate revenues 15
Two e-government projects have been adopted and implemented Government Administrative Information System (GAIS) to computerize the administrative processes made through concession loan from the govt of the Republic of Korea for 2 years development in 2002 & 2 years maintenance in 2004 Provincial Administrative Information System (PAIS) extended from GAIS to provinces in which 10 provinces are under pilots 16
Key applications for GAIS: Electronic Approval System:to allow ministries to exchange document internally and externally, paperless office, fast & easy administrative affairs electronic approval, electronic mail, online posting information, storing & managing documents Real Estate Registration:to keep track real estate transaction including price & tax paid Resident Registration:to keep track of resident, family composition & jobs for compulsory education for school age children & collecting income tax Vehicle Registration:to keep track of vehicle ownership, tax paid & safety inspection Presence of government on the World Wide Web:govt. national homepage provides information about govt., Cambodia, King, PM, Senate, National Assembly, govt. organizations, and other news E-visa application via Ministry of Foreign Affairs 3 working days processing Initial revenue generation and better govt image and services achieved, as compared to before that was inconsistent and unable to control or verify report, losing documents, time spent(according to report of HE Phu Leewood, Secretary General of NiDA) 17
Challenges Competent public administration to meet constantly evolving needs of the people, and international competitiveness The change of behavior and attitude of public servants Rule of law in the framework of effective public service provider and accountability Coordinating sectoral reforms with national reforms Harmonizing and aligning development partner support Increasing salary for civil servants and career progression perspective Financial resource mobilization, and management, development and deployment of human resources to sustain implementation 18
JICA & NiDA survey report (2009) Survey on ICT development in some ministries shows mixed results (widened gap) some stayed or reached score level of advanced, average, behind Low score level due to: unawareness of use of ICT, no nomination of high rank officer for responsibility, and less budget allocation for ICT development 19
Some challenges can be drawn from the survey: ICT management unit/personnel: unready (understanding concept, retaining skilled ICT personnel, salary & incentives, women engagement) Leadership in ICT promotion: long-term commitment & cooperation (negative attitude towards ICT usage, inadequate authority of ICT personnel (empowerment), lack collaboration across govtagencies (duplication), information sharing on personal relationship) ICT literacy(half of govt staff basic skills, unwilling practice) Lack of basic infrastructure: National Information Infrastructure is needed for safe, secure and cost benefit Lack of expertise: for Local Area Network & Wide Area Network for inter-ministry, ICT equipment procurement to ensure quality control and standards Difficulties internal and external resources funding in ICT promotion low capacity to create proposals 20
Conclusion Though there re some challenges, Cambodia s moving slowly on the right direction Changing behavior and attitudes need time, and reform need cautious analysis on the impact Though there s gap across govtagencies, but the notion of ICT development is penetrated & spreading The Government should take a lead in infrastructure and the related utilities development to pave the way forward Private sector should play a key partnership role in building the information society, and should be encouraged To assure the sustainability of reform and implementation, necessary measurements, regulations, and laws should be in place. 21
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION! 22