OLGA Flexible tar removal for high efficient production of clean heat & power as well as sustainable fuels & chemicals Presentation held at the international conference on thermochemical conversion sience (),, Corresponding paper published in Environmental progress & sustainable energy, October 2009, volume 28, number 3 R.W.R. Zwart ECN-M--09-120 September 2009
OLGA Flexible tar removal for high efficient production of clean heat & power as well as sustainable fuels & chemicals www.ecn.nl
Content of the paper Environmental progress & sustainable energy / October 2009 / Volume 28 / Number 3 The tar problem The OLGA technology The development Step 1: Demonstration of high-efficient production of clean heat and power Step 2: Developing high-efficient production of sustainable fuels & chemicals Step 3: Demonstrating the flexibility of the OLGA tar removal technology Commercial gasification projects Conclusions and outlook References -2-
Content of the presentation The tar problem The OLGA technology The development Step 1: Demonstration of high-efficient production of clean heat and power Step 2: Developing high-efficient production of sustainable fuels & chemicals Step 3: Demonstrating the flexibility of the OLGA tar removal technology Commercial gasification projects Conclusions and outlook References -3-
Excluded from the presentation THE TAR PROBLEM COMMERCIAL PROJECTS -4-
The OLGA technology: philosophy -5-
The OLGA technology: principle -6-
Step 1: Heat and power -7-
Step 1: Heat and power Dioxins Dioxins is a common name for a group of 210 compoundsisomers of polychlorinated-dibenzo-para-dioxins and -dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) -8-
Step 1: Heat and power Cl 3 2 4 6 1 Cl O O O Cl polychlorinated-dibenzo-para-dioxins and -dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) 3 2 1 9 7 8 4 6 9 7 8 Cl -9-
Step 1: Heat and power dioxins are toxic at low concentrations (already at 0.000000001 g/m 3 ) I-TEQ = International Toxicity Equivalent = measure for dioxins toxicity European emission limit (flue) = 0.1 ng I-TEQ/m 3 n (at 6% O 2 in flue gas) Viktor Yushchenko (Ukraine) -10-
Step 1: Heat and power carbon source residual carbon on ash gas-phase Products of Incomplete Combustion (PICs, TAR) (fly) ash/char-adsorbed PICs elevated temperature 700-900 C gas-phase reactions 250-400 C catalytic reactions (surface = wall/ash catalysed) chlorine source organic/inorganic chlorides free Cl 2 (e.g. Deacon s reaction from HCl) Only a (proper) combination of all three factors yields dioxins... -11-
10 Step 1: Heat and power 9 75 Presented concentrations = raw producer gas Gasifier = air-blown, direct PCDD/Fs concentration [ng I-TEQ/m3] 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Chlorine/ash-rich fuels = increased levels High conversion temperature = low levels 0 RDF A 725 C RDF B 725 C sewage sludge 750 C RDF A 820 C sewage sludge 850 C clean wood pellets 850 C -12-
Step 1: Heat and power 0.45 PCDD/Fs concentration [ng I-TEQ/m3] 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 Fuel = clean wood pellets 0 raw prod. gas (upstream OLGA) clean prod. gas (downstream OLGA) -13-
Step 1: Heat and power 0.5 0.45 1.9 PCDD concentration [ng I-TEQ/m3] 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 EU emission limit (flue gas): 0.1 ng I-TEQ/m n3 [@ 6% O 2 ] 0 boiler (no OLGA) boiler (with OLGA) gas engine (with OLGA) gas turbine (with OLGA) -14-
Step 2: Sustainable fuels & chemicals Fischer-Tropsch diesel Substitute Natural Gas (SNG) Chemicals -15-
Step 2: Sustainable fuels & chemicals Component Downstream MILENA Downstream OLGA CO vol% 30.1 30.6 H2 vol% 32.0 32.5 CO2 vol% 19.2 19.4 O2 vol% 0.0 0.0 CH4 vol% 12.2 12.4 N2+Ar vol% 0.1 0.1 C2H2 vol% 0.2 0.2 C2H4 vol% 3.9 3.9 C2H6 vol% 0.2 0.2 C6H6 vol% 1.0 0.5 C7H8 vol% 0.1 0.0 Tar g/mn3 52.1 0.2-16-
Step 3: Flexibility Lab WOB BFB at ECN MILENA Indirect at ECN Pilot BIVKIN CFB at ECN MILENA Indirect at ECN Commercial PRMe Fixed Bed at Moissannes BIVKIN CFB in Portugal MILENA Indirect at HVC -17- Note that existing lab and pilot OLGA at ECN hardly changed!
Step 3: Flexibility RDF High chlorine content together with high amounts of PE/PP/PB/PS Formation of a unusual thermoplast inbetween 150 and 200 C Upstream chlorine removal applied OLGA operation without problems Chicken manure (new project) High ash content -18-
Step 3: Flexibility polar tar non-polar tar -19-
Step 3: Flexibility -20-
Conclusions & outlook The OLGA technology development started in 2001 and OLGA was launched to the market by Dahlman in 2007 OLGA always showed to be a very efficient, flexible and reliable gas cleaning technology. This accounts not only for tar removal, but also for (dioxin) emission control Although OLGA can be considered as proven technology for many applications and downstream different gasifiers, for some applications (e.g. low temperature gasification or bad feedstock) some additional testing work on lab and pilot scale at ECN is advised and can be performed though to ensure successful commercial operation ECN continues its work on the sustainable production of fuels and chemicals, with OLGA having shown to be successful as well as efficient cleaning upstream processes for FT-diesel or SNG production -21-
References -22-
References catalytic cracking plasma RPS and ESP gasreip A to C OLGA the tar problem solved though remaining an enduring challenge -23-
Contact information Robin Zwart e: zwart@ecn.nl PO Box 1 t: +31 224 56 4574 NL 1755 ZG Petten w: www.ecn.nl the Netherlands publications: www.ecn.nl/publications fuel composition database: www.phyllis.nl tar dew point calculator: www.thersites.nl IEA bioenergy/gasification: www.ieatask33.org Milena indirect gasifier: www.milenatechnology.com OLGA tar removal: www.olgatechnology.com SNG: www.biosng.com and www.biocng.com Dahlman: www.dahlman.nl and www.renewableenergy.nl -24-