A Pocket Guide For Inspectors Firestopping Inspection Manual For Through Penetr enetrations. Fire Resistive e Joints, Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems and Fire Rated Duct EnclosuresSy essystems. stems. Third Edition www.firestop.org
Contents Scope..... 3 Fire Test Standards..... 4 Testing Laboratories...... 5 Building Code Requirements... 6 Products Overview.... 7 Inspection Process... 8 Firestopping and the Codes 14 Inspection Guidelines for Through Penetration Firestop Systems... 15 Inspection Guidelines for Fire Resistive Joints Systems... 17 Inspection Guidelines for Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems (Curtain Walls)... 20 Inspection Guidelines for Fire Rated Duct Enclosures... 25 Engineering Judgments.... 28 Glossary... 29 UL System Approach.. 32 Seismic Considerations... 35 Systems Listing Table. 36
Scope The following pocket manual is designed as a reference tool for governmental inspectors, third-party inspectors and other personnel with a need for a simplified, yet thorough approach to the firestopping inspection process. This pocket manual is intended as a tool and not as an all-encompassing source book. This booklet is separated into two parts. The first section is intended to provide guidelines for a successful inspection process. The second section of the booklet will go more in depth on the guidelines for specific firestopping systems in categories of Through Penetrations, Fire Resistive Joints, Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems (Curtain Walls) and Flexible Rated Duct Enclosures. Key words are listed in the glossary for clarification purposes. Scope The term Firestopping, in this manual, will refer to: (1) the sealing of holes and gaps within a rated assembly, commonly referred to as Through-Penetration Firestops, (2) the sealing of linear gaps between rated assemblies, referred to as Fire- Resistive Joint Systems and (3) the sealing of the linear gap between or along rated floors and rated or non-rated curtain walls, referred to as Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems. The term Fire Rated Duct Enclosure will refer to protective systems used to enclose duct systems penetrating a rated assembly. The Firestopping Systems are tested to specific test standards. Through-Penetration Firestops are tested to ASTM E814 or UL 1479, Fire-Resistive Joint Systems to ASTM E1966 or UL 2079 and Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems to ASTM E2307. Firestopping Systems must be tested to the above criteria by certified independent third party testing agencies. The Testing Agencies usually publish the results in proprietary directories, which are readily available. Some of the more common and well known testing and approval agencies are Underwriters Laboratories, Intertek Testing Services, Factory Mutual and Southwest Research Institute. Fire Resistive Duct Enclosure Systems, are tested alternatives to fire resistive shaft enclosures which function to contain fires that occur inside the duct, prevent fire spread into the ductwork from an external fire and allow for zero, or reduced clearance to combustible construction. A tested through penetration firestop system is required when the duct enclosure system penetrates a rated floor or wall assembly. 3 3
For Firestopping Systems INSPECTION GUIDELINES 4 INSPECTION GUIDELINES For Firestopping Systems Applicable Standards The Test Standards relevant to Firestop Systems are: 1. ASTM E 814 (ANSI/UL 1479) Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Fire Stops 2. ASTM E 1966 (ANSI/UL 2079) Standards Test Method for Fire-Resistive Joint Systems 3. ASTM E 1399 Cyclic Movement and Measuring the Minimum and Maximum Joint Widths of Architectural Joint Systems 4. ASTM E 2174 Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection of Installed Fire Stops 5. ASTM E 2307 Standard Test Method for Determining the Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems Using the Intermediate Scale, Multi-Story Test Apparatus 6. ASTM E 2393 Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection of Installed Fire Resistive Joint System and Perimeter Fire Barriers 7. ASTM E 2336 Standard Test Methods for Fire Resistive Grease Duct Enclosure Systems 8. ISO 6944 Fire Resistance Tests Ventilation Ducts 9. ICC ES AC179 Acceptance Criteria for Metallic HVAC Duct Enclosure Assemblies The fire testing of penetration firestop and perimeter barrier systems require a demonstration that the system is able to stop the passage of flame (F Rating) and withstand a hose stream test. Fire tests also include provisions for measuring the T Rating and the L Rating. The fire testing of fire resistive joint systems require a demonstration of the ability to stop the passage of
both flame and thermal transmission (assembly rating). Fire tests of firestop systems are conducted using positive furnace pressures. For dynamic joint systems, a specific number of expansion and contraction cycles precede the fire test in order to measure the movement capabilities of the joint systems. The movement capability of a joint is expressed as a % of the installed (nominal) width of the joint system. The fire resistance rating of the firestop system must equal the fire resistance rating of the penetrated fire separating assembly or floor assembly in which the firestop system is installed. With a few exceptions, the methods and materials used in the penetrations, joints and duct enclosures are tested as a system to demonstrate the methods and materials function as fire containment for the required fire resistance rating. A modification to a tested system voids the rating of the system. Testing Laboratories There are several independent testing laboratories, also referred to as third party testing agencies, which conduct the fire testing of firestop and duct enclosure systems. The fire test results are usually included as design listings in the fire resistance directories published by the testing laboratory. These Directories are an important source of information during the plan review process and inspection process. The details, system numbers, manufacturer installation recommendations, and other design listing information are often referred to on the plan submittals. A thorough knowledge of the design listing information is critical to the inspections of firestops and duct enclosures. The following are some of the recognized independent laboratories conducting tests of firestop systems: 1. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL (847) 272-8800 www.ul.com 2. Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX (210) 522-2311 www.swri.com 5
3. Factory Mutual, Norwood, MA (781) 762-4300 www.fmglobal.com 4. Intertek Testing Services, Antioch, CA (925) 756-6606 www.intertek.com Check Points: Do your building and fire department plans examiners and inspectors routinely use Testing Laboratories Directories? These directories can be ordered directly from the testing laboratories. Are you unsure of the compliance of a specific firestop assembly with the listed design? Check out the latest design listings on the Laboratories websites, e.g. www.ul.com/database, www.swi.com, www.fm.com, www.intertek.com Building Code Requirements The Building Codes have very clear requirements on passive fire protection. Fire investigative reports have consistently shown that unprotected or improperly protected penetrations and joints cause millions of dollars in property damage and contributed to the loss of life and injuries due to the uncontrolled migration of fire, smoke and toxic gases. In order to promote life safety and property protection, the national building codes include fire testing and performance requirements for penetration firestop and fire resistive joint systems and rated duct enclosures. These provisions are included in Chapter 7 Fire Resistance Rated Construction of the current model codes, which are: ICC s International Building Code (IBC) NFPA 5000 6 Whenever required by Code, the fire resistance ratings of floors, walls, floor/ceiling, roof/ceiling assemblies or rated duct enclosures must be restored when an opening is made to accommodate penetrations for mechanical, electrical, plumbing, communication systems and ventilation ducts. Joints between floors, walls, floors and walls, etc, must have the same fire resistance ratings as the adjacent construction.
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, NFPA 70, National Electric Code, and IAPMO s Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC), also include provisions related to protection of penetrations. The IBC and NFPA 5000 have explicit requirements for inspection of firestop systems before they are concealed. The IBC requires that evidence be submitted to the local official showing that the materials and methods of construction used to protect penetrations, joints and ventilation ducts in fire resistance rated building elements shall not reduce the required fire resistance rating. The International Fire Code has requirements for periodic inspection of firestop systems throughout the life of the building. Check Point: Have you checked your local code requirements? The IBC, NFPA 5000 and the Life Safety Code, NFPA 101, include different requirements for firestop systems to meet certain performance and testing criteria specific to various construction assemblies. Check out the IFC website www.firestop.org for latest updates on firestop systems regulations. Products Overview There are four categories of Firestop materials: - Fill, Void or Cavity Materials: o Intumescent Sealants/Caulks; o Silicone Sealants/Caulks; o Acrylic Sealants/Caulks; o Urethane Sealants/Caulks; o Ceramic Sealants/Caulks; o Moldable putties; o Pillows/Bags; o Sheets/Boards/Blocks; o Mortars; o Intumescent Wrap Strips; o Silicone Foams; o Coatings/Sprays. - Factory and Field Assembled Devices: o Sleeves/Collars; o Mechanical Joint Systems. 7
- Forming/Backing Materials: o Mineral Wool Batts; o Ceramic Fiber Blankets/Boards; o Non-Ceramic Insulation Blankets; o Foam Packing/Backer Rod. - Duct and Pipe Covering Materials Inspection Process The following is a recommended inspection process based on interviews across the country with building departments inspectors who have successfully implemented such a program. These jurisdictions require that the protection of penetrations, joints and ventilation ducts not be concealed from view until inspected and approved. Similar requirements are found in the IBC (Section 109.3.6, 2006 Edition). Some building departments collaborate with the fire department to conduct the firestop systems inspections. ASTM published ASTM E 2174 Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection of Installed Fire Stops and ASTM E 2393 Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection Fire Resistive Joint System and Perimeter Fire Barriers. These standards shall be referenced when third party inspections are conducted for penetration firestop, fire resistive joint and perimeter barrier systems. Part I Inspection Process: Plans Examination/Review 8 The local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) must approve Firestop system details and Firestop products and Rated Ducted Enclosures. Hence, Firestop systems details and materials should be included on the plans and specifications. Manufacturer s cut sheets are often accepted if they are generated by an approved testing agency. If details, products and specifications are not sufficient to provide clear directions to the general contractor and firestop installer, the submittals should be noted as incomplete and returned to the designer to be resubmitted with the required information. When the plans
and specifications are clear and complete, most field problems with firestop systems can be avoided. Check Points: - Do the specifications include what test method the materials or firestop systems shall be tested to? - Which sections of the architectural plans contain the firestop systems details? - Are the specific firestop system and rated duct enclosures details included on the plans? - Has the local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) approved the products used in these systems? - Are the firestop products appropriate for the field conditions? Refer to the design listings and manufacturer data sheets. - Are the specified fire resistive joints tested for the amount of movement and type of movement required? - Is the firestop system or duct system listed? (e.g. by Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Factory Mutual (FM), Intertek Testing Services (its). - Do the specific firestop systems comply with the standard testing requirements for the in-place conditions? Part II Inspection Process: Engineering Judgments It is not unusual to find, in construction projects, uncommon designs or unique conditions that require special consideration. The protection of these conditions will necessitate Engineering Judgments (EJ s) since they have not been tested and do not comply with a published design listing. The International Firestop Council has published Recommended IFC Guidelines for Evaluating Firestop Systems Engineering Guidelines to assist designers, plan reviewers and inspectors in addressing nonconforming construction details. Tested systems should always be specified unless EJ s are the only option. Engineering Judgments should be developed using sound engineering practices to ensure that life safety is not compromised. The plan submittals should always indicate which system details are 9
based on EJ s and the pre-approved details must be made available for the field inspector. The IFC guidelines can be obtained from the IFC website: www.firestop.org. Part III Inspection Process: Pre- Construction/Pre-Planning Meeting The perfect opportunity to initiate discussion on the coordination of work among the trades, the general contractor and building inspector is during the pre-construction meeting. This discussion is important since the application of firestop protection systems is affected by the work of many trades including mechanical, plumbing, electrical, walls and ceilings, fire protection, etc. An early discussion of who is going to be responsible for restoration of the fire resistance ratings will eliminate aggravation and expense later in the construction. If there is no clear delegation of responsibility for the installation of firestop systems for the penetrations, joints and ventilation ducts, it is vital that the general contractor understand that it is his responsibility to ensure the fire resistance ratings of the structure. 10 The pre-construction meeting should also be used to: - Agree on all the penetrations, joints and ducts to be protected in accordance with the approved construction plans; - Schedule the trade s work in conjunction with the firestop installation work; - Schedule the firestop inspections and coordinate with the firestop contractor work; - Agree on whether the building or fire inspector will be conducting the inspections. Check Points: - Do the general contractor and subcontractors understand that the protection of penetrations, joints and ducts will be inspected?
- Who is going to be responsible for the protection of all penetrations, joints and ducts? - Who is going to conduct the inspections and when? - What are the qualifications/experience of the firestop installer indicating expertise in that field? Part IV Inspection Process: Conduct of Inspection The ability of penetration firestop systems, fire resistive joint and ventilation systems to perform their intended function of fire containment is directly related to the quality of their installations. Thorough inspection is an integral component of any passive fire protection quality control program. It is usually feasible to visually inspect each penetration and the entire length of every joint and ventilation duct. How many inspections are enough? This is a judgment call by the inspector. Example: It would be reasonable if there were 20 or 30 penetrations, to observe 2 or 3 representative installations. 2 or 3 representative installations out of hundreds, or thousands, of penetrations would not provide reasonable verification, particularly if different subcontractors were involved in their installations. Major elements of quality firestop inspections are: - Firestop systems must not be concealed from view before being inspected and approved; - Walk through visual inspections should be made during the firestop installation; - When necessary or required, destructive evaluation will be made on various types of firestop systems; - Flashlights, coring device and other appropriate tools make a proper inspection easier; - Proper depths, annular space, proper attachments and spacing and product types are critical to the effectiveness of the system; - Construction documents detailing the firestop locations and systems must be kept on site to assist in the conduct of the inspection; 11
- Observe that empty containers, wrappings or boxes of the specified materials are in sufficient quantity to have been installed correctly; - Observe that the actual products, containers, wrappings or boxes are labeled with the approved testing agency marks and are as specified in the submitted details; - Measure the depth and width of materials as indicated in the details (sometimes density measurements are also required for products such as thermal insulation); - Observe that joints have been installed in such manner that the required movement can be achieved (temporary screws used to hold studs to ceiling runners must be removed); - Compare the installed firestop system with the approved submitted details; - Observe a reasonable degree of workmanship, which would indicate compliance with the specified designs; - Deficient installations must immediately be corrected and then re-inspected before concealment. Check Points: - Are random and timely inspections conducted to make sure that corrections can be made before the completion of firestop installations? - Is the building or fire inspector familiar with the code requirement for penetration firestop systems, fire resistive joint and ventilation duct systems? How many destructive inspections will be conducted? - What is your building inspection policy and procedure for making firestop inspections? - Is the inspection report for all firestop systems included in the final inspection report? 12
The Inspection Process The time allocated for inspections can be drastically reduced if the proper paperwork is present in advance of the field inspection. Planning and communication between the building designer and the installer prior to construction will save time, costs and resources in assuring the application of the proper systems. Verification of system testing and listings with a nationally recognized laboratory, prior to installation in the field, is key to a smooth inspection process. The costs and time associated with removing improperly applied materials can be drastically reduced if the respective through penetration firestop systems, fire resistive joint systems and flexible rated duct enclosure documentation is confirmed prior to installation. Use of applicable ASTM practices will provide guidelines for inspection of installed systems. 13
Firestopping And The Codes INSPECTION GUIDELINES INSPECTION GUIDELINES Firestopping And The Codes Penetrations and Joints Firestopping is a form of passive fire protection that is required in all penetrated rated assemblies and the joints between them. The International Code Council specifies firestopping within Chapter 7 of their International Building Code. The National Fire Protection Association also specifies firestopping requirements in its Life Safety Code, NFPA 101, National Electric Code publications and in its NFPA 5000 Building Code. Fire Resistive Duct Enclosures for grease and HVAC ducts are tested protection systems which provide 1 and/or 2 hour fire ratings. The systems are utilized as an alternative to fire resistive rated shaft construction and also permit zero, or reduced, clearance to combustible materials. The International Code Council specifies fire resistive duct enclosures in Chapter 5 of their International Mechanical Code (IMC). Requirements are also contained in NFPA 96, and IAPMO (UMC). A duct enclosure system penetrating a rated assembly should also be properly firestopped. 14
INSPECTION GUIDELINES For Through Penetration Firestop Systems Step One: Verify the documents and submitted drawings reference applicable through penetration assemblies containing sealants, devices and/or other materials tested to ASTM E814 or UL 1479 by accredited testing agencies. These systems should be published and readily available via the internet or other means. Such listings are found in section XHEZ within Volume 2 of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Fire Resistance Directory or Warnock-Hersey and OPL Mark Product Directory. Reason: There are many different types and combinations of through penetrations, coatings, sealants and devices that have not been proven to maintain or restore the rating of the assembly through testing to ASTM E814 or UL 1479. For Through Penetration Firestop Systems Step Two: Verify that the Through-Penetration System being used has been tested to the hourly rating necessary ie. 1 hr., 2 hr., etc., and with the type of assembly being penetrated. INSPECTION GUIDELINES Reason: The building codes require that the rating of a firestop system shall not be less than the fire resistive rating of the penetrated assembly. Concrete, gypsum and wood assemblies all behave differently in a fire. 15
Step Three: As an overview of these steps, verify the parameters indicated in the system are the same as those installed in the field: (Download checklist form from the IFC web site www.firestop.org). A. Is the through penetration system rated for the type and nature of assembly (thickness of concrete, stud width, etc.)? B. Is the rating of the through penetration system equal or greater than the assembly penetrated? C. Do the supplied products have labels from a recognized quality assurance agency? D. Does the field installation follow the listing? a. For the size of opening prior to firestopping? b. Nature and quantity of penetrant(s), (material, size, diameter, insulation type & thickness, etc.)? c. Annular space requirements, (minimum, maximum, nominal, etc.)? d. Specified forming, packing or backing material, (when required)? e. Specified sealant, coating, device or firestopping product indicated, (type, amount, depth, location, etc.)? f. Specified accessory items, (anchors, fasteners, securing devices, plates, etc.)? Reason: Deviations from a listed and labeled design will likely result in a failure of the installed system. Consult manufacturer for validation. 16
INSPECTION GUIDELINES For Fire Resistive Joints Systems: Including Mechanical Fire Barrier System Step One: Verify the documents and submitted drawings reference legitimate, fire resistive joint systems tested to ASTM E1966 or UL 2079 by accredited testing laboratories or certified third party testing agencies. These systems should be published or readily available via the internet or other means. Such listings can be found in section XHBN within Volume 2 of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Fire Resistance Directory or Omega Point Laboratories Directory of Listed Building Products, Materials & Assemblies. Reason: Many coatings, sealants and configuration of materials have never been tested in joint systems and should not be applied to such applications. Step Two: Verify the documents and submitted drawings reference whether the joint is static (not subject to movement) or dynamic, (subject to movement). Virtually all joints are intended to be dynamic. For Fire Resistive Joints Systems: Including Mechanical Fire Barrier System INSPECTION GUIDELINES Reason: A static joint design, (e.g. FF-S, HW-S, FW- S) should not be applied to a dynamic joint condition. A dynamic joint design, (e.g. FF-D, HW-D, FW-D), however, may be applied to a static condition. 17
Step Three: If the joint is dynamic, as in most cases, verify the documents and submitted drawings reference systems that have been tested for the required amount of movement. A system listing a nominal 1 inch joint width with 25% compression or extension, actually allows for a movement of ¼ of compression and ¼ of extension. Reason: Building code language requires that joint systems be capable of handling expected building movement. Joint systems not tested for the required movement will likely fail after installation. Step Four: If the joint is dynamic, verify the documents and submitted drawings reference joint systems that have been tested for the class/type of movement. Class I - Thermal (500 cycles at 1 CPM) Class II - Wind Sway (500 cycles at 10 CPM) Class III - Seismic (100 cycles at 30 CPM) Combined (100 at 30 CPM & 400 at 10 CPM) Reason: The installed joint shall be cycle tested for the appropriate application. Step Five: Verify the rating of the joint system is greater than or equal to the rating of the assemblies it is connecting. 18 Reason: The building codes require that the rating of a joint system shall not be less than the fire resistive ratings of the adjacent assemblies.
Step Six: As an overview of these steps, verify the parameters indicated in the system are the same as those installed in the field: (Download checklist form from the IFC web site www.firestop.org) A. Is the joint system tested and listed? B. Is the joint static or dynamic? C. If dynamic, is the joint system tested for the amount of movement required? D. Is the joint system tested for the class & type of movement required? E. Is the rating of the joint equal to or greater than the assemblies it is adjacent to? F. If a mechanical system, are the specified tracks installed in the installation? G. Do the supplied products have labels from a recognized quality assurance agency? H. Does the field installation follow the listing? a. Specified forming, packing or backing material? b. Specified type of sealant, coating or device? c. Specified amount, depth, location of sealant, coating or device? d. Specified accessory items cover plates, bond breaker tape, and specified deflection track? Reason: Deviations from a listed and labeled design will likely result in a failure of the installed system. Consult with manufacturer for validation. 19
INSPECTION GUIDELINES For Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems ( Curtain Walls) INSPECTION GUIDELINES For Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems (Curtain Walls) Step One: Verify documents and submitted drawings reference legitimate Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems such as Underwriter Laboratories, Inc. CW-S or CW-D or Intertek Testing Services CEJ designations. Reason: Documents referencing only fire resistive joint systems such as FF, FW, or HW should not be accepted for curtain wall applications. The behavior and testing of a curtain wall in a fire is significantly different from standard joint tests. Step Two: Verify the rating of the system is greater than or equal to the rating of the floor. Reason: The continuity requirements within the building codes state that the rating of a floor assembly must extend to and be tight against an exterior wall. 20
Step Three: Verify firestop material to be used is classified and listed for use in Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems. Such listings can be found in Section XHDG within Volume 2 of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Fire Resistance Directory or Omega Point Laboratories Directory. Reason: Many materials, coatings and sealants have never been tested in perimeter fire containment systems and should not be substituted in listed and labeled systems. Step Four: Verify documents reference systems that have been tested with windows or vision glass if the building has glazing close to the safing area. Reason: Some systems were tested with glazing within 6" of the safing area while other systems were for structures with limited glazing such as storage and warehouse facilities. Step Five: Verify a stiff steel reinforcement member, if required, has been placed behind exposed curtain wall panel insulation. Typical stiffening members can be steel hat channels, L or T angles. Reason: A stiffener is needed to maintain the compression fit of the safing insulation. Without it, the safing insulation may fail to perform as tested. 21
Step Six: Verify insulation type and brand used is listed within the tested system. Mineral wool is the typical insulation of choice. Reason: Fiberglass insulation melts at 1050 F, well below the 2000 F temperature range of a typical fire. Step Seven: If required by the tested system, verify insulation panels are securely fastened with mechanical fasteners per the system, instead of just friction-fitted in place. Reason: The lower transoms and mullions may degrade and melt during a fire situation causing the curtain wall insulation to fall out prematurely if it is not fastened correctly. Step Eight: Verify that exposed mullions, if required by the system, are covered with the proper insulating barrier securely fastened with mechanical fasteners per the system design. Reason: Exposed mullions may degrade prematurely in a fire. Step Nine: Verify safing clips or Z clips have been used if the system requires it. 22 Reason: Some systems allow for the safing insulation to be friction fitted in place, others require clips to support the safing insulation.
Step Ten: Verify coating or sealant has been applied to the proper depth. A common inspection practice is to be on site just prior to the addition of the sealant to verify the correct application thickness is being followed. The inspector may request samples from the installing contractor after which the installing contractor shall make the necessary repairs to the destructively sampled area. A scale or caliper is sufficient for measuring the sealant depth. Reason: Minimum sealant depths are required by the system designs to assure the rating is met and to prevent smoke, fumes or hot gases from seeping into the non-fire area. Step Eleven: As an overview of the above steps, verify the parameters indicated in the system are the same as those installed in the field: (Download checklist form from the IFC web site) A. Is the perimeter fire barrier system tested for the type and nature of assembly, (minimum thickness of concrete, transom spacing, etc.)? B. Is the rating of the perimeter fire barrier system equal or greater than the floor assembly? C. Do the supplied products have labels from a recognized quality assurance agency? D. Does the field installation follow the listing? a. Width of gap between floor edge and curtain wall at time of installation. b. Design detail includes vision glass if applicable. c. Specified curtain wall spandrel insulation, (type, thickness, density, etc.). d. Specified spandrel panel perimeter angles, (gauge thickness, dimensions, fastener spacing). 23
e. Specified framing and/or mullion covering, (type, thickness, density, etc). f. Support clips for safing insulation, if specified. g. Specified forming or safing insulation, (type, % compression, depth, etc). h. Specified sealant, coating, device or firestopping product, (type, depth, location, etc). Reason: Deviations from tested, listed & labeled design will likely result in a failure of the installed system. Consult with manufacturer for validation. 24
INSPECTION GUIDELINES For Fire Rated Duct Enclosure Systems Step One: Verify the documents and submitted drawings reference legitimate fire resistive duct enclosure systems tested by accredited testing laboratories or certified third party testing agencies. These systems and insulation components should be listed, labeled, published and readily available via the internet or other means. Listings can be located in Intertek Testing Services (formerly Omega Point Laboratories) Directory of Listed Building Products, Materials & Assemblies and in the Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Fire Resistance Directory. Reason: There are generic insulating materials that have not been tested as a fire resistive duct enclosure system to verify their performance when installed in a duct configuration under fire conditions. Generic insulating materials do not meet code requirements and should not be used for this application. Step Two: Verify the duct enclosure system is tested to the appropriate Standard for the specific type of duct system. Grease duct enclosure systems are tested per ASTM E2336, which includes a full scale ASTM E 119 engulfment test. HVAC duct enclosure systems are tested per ISO 6944, Type A for closed duct systems and Type B for duct systems that contain openings. Additional evaluation of ventilation duct enclosure systems for compliance to the pertinent Mechanical Code can be conducted per AC 179. An ASTM Standard for Fire Resistive Ventilation Duct Enclosure Systems is under development, but not published at this time. For Fire Rated Duct Enclosure Systems INSPECTION GUIDELINES 25
Reason: Various type duct systems present different fire threats. Duct enclosure systems need to be tested using the appropriate Standard to ensure the fire exposure and performance criteria are representative of conditions expected for that type duct system when installed in the field. Step Three: Verify the fire resistance rating of the duct enclosure system and corresponding firestop system are equal or greater than the required fire resistive rating for the building construction assembly penetrated. Reason: The mechanical code requires the fire resistance rating of the duct enclosure system be at least equivalent to the surrounding building construction. The F and T ratings for the corresponding duct firestop system must also be at least equivalent to the duct enclosure system and the surrounding assembly. Step Four: Verify the parameters indicated in the system are the same as those installed in the field: 26 A. Duct System Type kitchen grease exhaust, hazardous material exhaust, ventilation, supply/ return, etc; B. Duct Construction dimensions, material, gauge, reinforcement, connections, vertical or horizontal orientation; C. Enclosure System labeled components, number of layers, fire rating, required clearance to combustibles, thickness and density of material, material joints (overlap of material, taping of cut edges or seams), etc;
D. Enclosure System Attachment mechanical method of attachment to duct (typically steel banding and/or capacitor discharge insulation pins), components, spacing, gauge, etc; E. Duct Supports hanger system components, frequency of location, clearance to enclosure system, protection requirements; F. Access Door field fabricated or pre-fabricated door construction and protection with enclosure system material must match design listing; G. Firestop System refer to design listing for fire rated assembly construction, annular space, packing material type and depth, and firestop material type and depth. Reason: Deviations from a tested, listed and labeled design nullifies compliance and could result in a failure of the installed system. Consult with manufacturer for validation of any aspects that do not match the specified design. 27
Engineering Judgments Although there are many listed systems, there are some firestopping configurations that fall outside the envelope of tested designs. It is impossible to anticipate every field condition and these situations should certainly not be ignored by the firestop industry. Testing agencies and manufacturers, usually handle these unusual occurrences with the issuance of an Engineering Judgment. An Engineering Judgment is not a substitute for a tested system, and an available tested system should always take precedent over a judgment. An Engineering Judgment is a solution based on the interpolation of data done by a testing agency s qualified technical personnel, a manufacturer, or by a knowledgeable registered Professional Engineer or Fire Protection Engineer. The issuer of an Engineering Judgment shall be responsible for answering any questions pertaining to data, source or limits of the judgment. Judgments should be developed by following sound practice to ensure that life safety issues are not compromised. A useful publication for evaluating engineering judgments called Recommended IFC Guidelines For Evaluating Firestop Systems Engineering Judgments (EJ s) is available from the International Firestop Council. 28
Annular - Space Document Glossary The region between penetrants or between penetrants and the periphery of the opening. Also referred to as the annulus. Glossary Curtain - Wall CPM - Engineering - Judgment Fireblocking - Either a rated or non-rated, non-load bearing exterior wall assembly secured and supported by the structural members of the building. Cycles per minute. An engineering evaluation of non- typical conditions which do not conform to existing tested systems. The evaluation may be in the form of a letter or drawing. Building material installed to resist the free passage of flame and gases to other areas of the building through concealed spaces. Firestopping - The sealing or materials used to seal gaps, holes, or voids within or between assemblies to regain the initial rating of the breached assemblies. F Rating - The amount of time that a firestop system remains in tact and does not permit the spread of fire and hot gases when tested in accordance with ASTM or UL test standards for specified systems. Fire Resistive - A tested protection system for enclosing duct Duct Enclosure systems that penetrate a fire rated assembly. Typically used as an alternative to fire resistive shaft enclosures. 29
Glossary Fire - A tested firestop joint design that has met the Resistive requirements of ASTM E1966 or UL 2079. Joint Sometimes referred to as a Joint System or a System Mechanical Fire Barrier System. Joint - The linear void located between juxtaposed fire separating elements. Joint systems include construction joints, expansion joints, seismic joints but do not include control* joints. Dynamic joint systems are designed to allow independent movement of the building of the building caused by thermal, wind, seismic or any other loading. Cyclic movement of joints is tested in accordance with ASTM E 1399. * Control joints are incorporated in construction assemblies for the purpose of controlling cracks. L Rating - A measurement of the air leakage rate through a penetration joint system without fire exposure, tested under a differential pressure of 0.30 inches water column (75 Pa) at 75 F and at 400 F. It is expressed as a volumetric flow rate, with units of CFM/Sq Ft for penetrations, and CFM/Lin Ft for joints. 30 Mechanical Fire -A rated system product that is used in Barrier System expansion joint gaps in structures. The system normally includes two components, namely a rated mechanical fire barrier product and a metal joint system, installed between rated substrates. The system is attached to the substrates using fasteners.
Glossary Mullion - Membrane - Nominal - Joint Width Penetrant - Perimeter - Perimeter - Barrier The vertical supportive member(s) within acurtain wall assembly. An opening for a penetrant which is only on one side of an assembly. The penetrant changes directions upon entering the assembly and may exit at another location. The joint width at the time of installation and not the movement capability. This differs from thejoint Width gap between substrates at the time the gap is constructed, e.g. concrete poured in the floors. This dimension, that the Joint Gap is constructed is critical to the selection of the systems specified and used. The gap width should be formed using temperature data and the engineer s total design movement expected at the joint lines and then refer to them Temperature/Adjustment Table. Widths then will be assigned width based on temperature. The tems(s) which breaches a rated assembly. Usually pipes, conduits, wires, ducts, or cable trays. The combination of the non-structural exterior wall assembly, perimeter joint protection, and floor assembly That provides fire resistance to prevent the passage of fire from floor to floor at the building s exterior. The linear gap located between juxtaposed Joint exterior wall assembly and floor assembly designed to accommodate various degrees of movements induced by thermal differentials, wind loads and seismicity. Tested in accordance with ASTM E1399. 31
Glossary Safing - Area Splice - Through - Penetration Another term used to refer to the gap between a rated floor and a curtain wall. The connection or junction within the length of a joint system. An opening and/or penetrant that passes fully Penetration through a rated assembly. Through - A tested firestop design that has met Penetration the requirements of ASTM E814, or UL 1479. Firestop System Transom - T Rating - Void - W Rating - References: The horizontal supportive member(s) within a curtain wall assembly. The amount of time that a firestop system prevents the temperature on the nonfire side from rising 325 F above ambient when tested in accordance with ASTM E-814 or UL 1479. An opening or region of a space within a linear gap which is considered static in nature. These areas include the region within the flutes of a steel deck, the region above a steel top track, and irregularities in the gap spacing. Measures resistance of a firestop product to standing water in buildings. The test simulates water on a firestop system for 72 hours under a 3 head of water. Annual Book Of ASTM Standard 32
The System Approach: UL Approved - No Such Thing (Only AHJ Approves Products/Systems) UL Classified - Lab has used the country requirements to evaluate the product for specific hazards or properties UL Listed - Passes the standard test and is in the lab s directory Navigating UL: Example 1: UL Classified Through Penetratrarion Firestop Systems o First Alpha Character Signifies what is being penetrated F = Floors W = Walls C = Walls and Floors C-AJ-1079 Combination Floor or Wall o Following Alpha Characters(s) - Wall or Floor Construction Type A = Concrete Floors <_ 5 inch thick B = Concrete Floors _> 5 inch thick C = Framed Floors D = Steel decks in marine Vessels E-I = Reserved for future use J = Concrete or masonry walls _< 8 inch thick K = Concrete or masonry walls >_ 8 inch thick L = Framed walls M = Bulkheads in marine Vessels N-Z = Reserved for future use C-AJ-1079 Construction Type of Floor or Wall The System Approach: 33
34 o Numeric Component First digit identifies the type of penetrant, next three are sequential system numbering C-AJ-1079 Penetrant Type C-AJ-1079 Individual system number o 0000-0999 = No penetrant o 1000-1999 = Metallic pipe, conduit or Tubing o 2000-2999 = Nonmetallic pipe, conduit or tubing o 3000-3999 = Electric Cables o 4000-4999 = Cable trays with electrical Cables o 5000-5999 = Insulated pipes o 6000-6999 = Busways o 7000-7999 = HVAC ducts o 8000-8999 = Mixed multiple Penetrations o 9000-9999 = Reserved for future uses Example 2: UL System Joint Systems HW-D-0034 Barriers that form the join First Two Alpha Characters identify the type of joint system FF = Floor-to-Floor WW = Wall-to-Wall FW = Floor-to-Wall HW = Head-of-Wall D = Dynamic (movement capabilities) S = Static (no movement capabilities) HW-D-0034 Movement: Static or Dynamic HW-D-0034 Joint Width Numeric Component first digit identifies the width of the joint system, next three are numbering sequential system HW-D-0034 Individual System Number o 0000-0999 = joint <_ 2 inch o 1000-1999 = joint > 2 inch < _ 6 inch o 2000-2999 = joint > 6 inch < _ 12 inch o 3000-3999 = joint > 12 inch < _ 24 inch o 4000-4999 = joint > 24 inch
Movement In Construction Joints and Curtain Wall Systems: Joint systems with movement capabilities are noted through the appearance of a Class I, II and/or III designation included as part of the heading information. The definitions of the movement class are as follows: Class I: Minimum 500 cycles @ a minimum of 1 cycle/minute; Class II: Minimum 500 cycles @ a minimum of 10 cycles/minute Class III: Minimum 100 cycles @ a minimum of 30 cycles/minute 35
FIRESTOP SYSTEMS IDENTIFICATION GUIDE - PENETRATIONS WOOD OR STEEL FRAMED FLOOR CONCRETE FLOOR CONCRETE WALL GYPSUM WALL Penetrants U L I T S U L I T S U L I T S UL ITS Blank Openings CAJ 0### FS500- CAJ 0### FS500- WL 0### FS100- FC 0### 699FG WJ 0### 699WG 299WG FE 0### FS100-299FG Metallic CAJ 1### FS500- CAJ 1### FS100- WL 1### FS100- FC 1### 699FA WJ 1### 299WA 299WA FE 1### FS100-299FA Nonmetallic CAJ 2### FS500- CAJ 2### FS100- WL 2### FS100- FC 2### 699FB WJ 2### 299WB 299WB FE 2### FS100-299FB Cables CAJ 3### FS500- CAJ 3### FS100- WL 3### FS100- FC 3### 699FD WJ 3### 299WD 299WD FE 3### FS100-299FD Cable Trays CAJ 4### FS500- CAJ 4### FS100- WL 4### FS100- FC 4### 699FD WJ 4### 299WD 299WD FE 4### Insulated Metal CAJ 5### FS500- CAJ 5### FS100- WL 5### FS100- FC 5### 699FC WJ 5### 299WC 299WC FE 5### FS100-299FD FS100-299FC Bus Duct CAJ 6### FS500- CAJ 6### FS100- WL 6### FS100- FC 6### 699FE WJ 6### 299WE 299WE FE 6### FS100-299FE Metal Ducts CAJ 7### TBD CAJ 7### TBD WL 7### TBD FC 7### TBD w/o Dampers WJ 7### FE 7### Mixed Multiple CAJ 8### TBD CAJ 8### TBD WL 8### TBD FC 8### TBD WJ 8### FE 8###
FIRESTOP SYSTEMS IDENTIFICATION GUIDE - FIRE RESISTIVE JOINTS Floor to Wall to Floor to Head of Perimeter Floor Wall Wall Wall Fire Barrier Joint Width < 2" FF-S/D*-0### WW- S/D*-0### FW-S/D*-0### HW-S/D*-0### CW-S/D*-0### > 2"; < 6" FF-S/D*-1### WW-S/D*-1### FW-S/D*-1### HW-S/D*-1### CW-S/D*-1### UL >6", < 12 FF-S/D*-2### WW-S/D*-2### FW-S/D*-2### HW-S/D*-2### CW-S/D*-2### >12", < 24" FF-S/D*-3### WW-S/D*-3### FW-S/D*-3### HW-S/D*-3### N/A > 24" FF-S/D*-4### WW-S/D*-4### FW-S/D*-4### HW-S/D*-4### N/A ITS CEJ###F CEJ###W CEJ###WF CEJ###H CEJ###P *S=Static / D=Dynamic 37
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IFC Membership List For a full list of membership including nonvoting members such as contractors, code officials, architects, engineers, and related associations, check the IFC website at: www.firestop.org Inspection Manual For Firestopped Through Penetrations, Joints and Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems Copyright 2007, International Firestop Council. All Rights Reserved. This document may not be reproduced in any form or by any means without the advance written Permission of the: International Firestop Council www.firestop.org (877) 241-3769