HCLTP Hybrid Cross Laminated Timber Plates Iztok Šušteršič, University of Ljubljana
What and why? 2007 7 storey SOFIE project, Ivalsa, IT 2009 8 storey STADHAUS, Waugh Thistleton Arch., GB 2006 3 storey SOFIE project, Ivalsa, IT 2013 9 storey POLARIS project, MAK Holz, IT 2013 10 storey FORTE building, KLH, AU 2014 14 storey TREET building, NOR 2016 17 storey BROCK COMMONS CAN 2018 24 storey HOHO AT
SOFIE project, Ivalsa, IT SOFIE project, Ivalsa, IT STADHAUS, Waugh Thistleton Arch., GB MAK Holz, IT KLH, AU NOR CAN HOHO AT WoodWisdom-Net Seminar Edinburgh 4-5 April 2017 What and why? 2007 7 storey 2009 8 storey 2006 3 storey 2013 9 storey POLARIS project, 2013 10 storey FORTE building, 2014 14 storey TREET building, 2016 17 storey BROCK COMMONS 2018 24 storey
Price comparison SOFIE project, Ivalsa, IT SOFIE project, Ivalsa, IT STADHAUS, Waugh Thistleton Arch., GB MAK Holz, IT KLH, AU NOR CAN HOHO AT WoodWisdom-Net Seminar Edinburgh 4-5 April 2017 What and why? 120% 110% 100% Log price in Germany (2016 benchmark) Spruce Pine 90% 80% 70% 60% 2006 3 storey 2007 7 storey 2009 8 storey 2013 9 storey POLARIS project, 50% 2013 10 storey FORTE building, 2014 14 storey TREET building, 2016 17 storey BROCK COMMONS 2018 24 storey 40% 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016
SOFIE project, Ivalsa, IT Price comparison SOFIE project, Ivalsa, IT STADHAUS, Waugh Thistleton Arch., GB MAK Holz, IT KLH, AU NOR CAN HOHO AT WoodWisdom-Net Seminar Edinburgh 4-5 April 2017 What and why? The aim of this project was to develop new types of cross laminated (Xlam) timber plates, so called hybrid Xlam plates, that are optimised for specific conditions on one hand (loadings, spans, fire resistance, seismic resistance, acoustic, etc.) and less straining on the forest on the other. Log price in Germany (2016 benchmark) 120% 110% Spruce 100% Pine 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2007 7 storey 2009 8 storey 2006 3 storey 2013 9 storey POLARIS project, 2013 10 storey FORTE building, 2014 14 storey TREET building, 2016 17 storey BROCK COMMONS 2018 24 storey
What and why? The aim of this project was to develop new types of cross laminated (Xlam) timber plates, so called hybrid Xlam plates, that are optimised for specific conditions on one hand (loadings, spans, fire resistance, seismic resistance, acoustic, etc.) and less straining on the forest on the other. + - Low material consumption - Robustness - Fire safety - Seismic safety - Versatility OPTIMAL CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT
What and why? The aim of this project was to develop new types of cross laminated (Xlam) timber plates, so called hybrid Xlam plates, that are optimised for specific conditions on one hand (loadings, spans, fire resistance, seismic resistance, acoustic, etc.) and less straining on the forest on the other. The first type of plates developed were Xlam plates with glued-in timber ribs. They ensure a rational use of material for bridging larger spans besides being optimal for use as building s outer walls, allowing for insulation and a façade system to be installed easier and at lower costs. Their development was complemented with a full production line process which keeps production costs on the same level as conventional Xlam.
What and why? The aim of this project was to develop new types of cross laminated (Xlam) timber plates, so called hybrid Xlam plates, that are optimised for specific conditions on one hand (loadings, spans, fire resistance, seismic resistance, acoustic, etc.) and less straining on the forest on the other. The first type of plates developed were Xlam plates with glued-in timber ribs. They ensure a rational use of material for bridging larger spans besides being optimal for use as building s outer walls, allowing for insulation and a façade system to be installed easier and at lower costs. Their development was complemented with a full production line process which keeps production costs on the same level as conventional Xlam. In addition, combinations of the newly developed ribbed Xlam plates with a concrete layer coupled via an affordable connection system were developed and tested. These plates ensure an even higher bending stiffness and strength.
Who? University of Ljubljana, Faculty for Civil and Geodetic Engineering Slovenia, UNIVERSITY, lead partner, PM, FEM CBD Contemporary Building Design d.o.o. Slovenia, SME, FEM, implementation MPA University of Stuttgart Germany, RESEARCH INSITUTE, experimental testing, certification Department of Structural Design and Timber Engineering, Vienna University of Technology Austria, UNIVERSITY, architectural engineering Stora Enso Wood products GmbH Austria, INDUSTRY, production, consulting LEDINEK Engineering Slovenia, SME, production line development Černivšek Jože s.p. Slovenia, SME, small scale production, consulting
Project highlights and final results Prototype elements - 30 small scale specimens - 39 timber ribbed elements - 4 timber-concrete specimens
Project highlights and final results Prototype production line - Enables the production of ribbed elements up to 1.5 x 4.0 m with 28 cm high ribs - Allows vertical and side pressing
Timber consumption [%] WoodWisdom-Net Seminar Edinburgh 4-5 April 2017 Project highlights and final results The ribbed Xlam plates - allow up to 50% material reduction in roof decks, - 40% reduction in floor decks and - over 30% reduction in wall elements compared to standard CLT plates. COMPARISON OF TIMBER CONSUMPTION - FLOOR 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 3.3 4.1 5.6 6.5 6.9 7.3 7.9 Span [m] 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Wall system comparison [%] 100 100 100 70 53 55 35 30 10 Timber consumption Load bearing capacity Load bearing capacity FIRE CLT XR-LAM Light timber frame CLT XR-lam
total force [kn] WoodWisdom-Net Seminar Edinburgh 4-5 April 2017 Project highlights and final results The ribbed Xlam plates The bending tests showed the elements exhibit an almost ductile behaviour with a gradual damage development and are in general much more redundant than in glulam or Xlam systems. 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 CALCULATED 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 midspan deflection [mm] 3.1.a 3.1.b 3.1.c 6.1.a 6.1.b 6.1.c
Vertical deflection [mm] Horizontal deflection [mm] Force [kn] WoodWisdom-Net Seminar Edinburgh 4-5 April 2017 Project highlights and final results The ribbed Xlam plates The buckling tests showed a controlled buckling behaviour with a very high load resistance ( 0.9 MN/m) and low material consumption. 1200 1000 Force 800 600 400 200 0 00:00.0 01:30.0 03:00.0 04:30.0 06:00.0 07:30.0 Time [mm:ss] 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 45 40 35 Vertical deflection 30 Horizontal deflection, midspan 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Force [kn]
Project highlights and final results The ribbed Xlam plates The ribbed elements reduce outer building envelope costs.
Project highlights and final results The ribbed Xlam plates The fully automated production line (with a capacity of 300 000 m 2 /year) ensures the new element production costs remain practically equal to conventional crosslam. STANDARD CLT PRODUCTION LINE (fingerjointer, CNC, etc. not shown in large scale) RIBBED CLT PRODUCTION ADDITION
Project highlights and final results The ribbed Xlam plates The fully automated production line (with a capacity of 300 000 m 2 /year) ensures the new element production costs remain practically equal to conventional crosslam. STANDARD CLT PRODUCTION LINE (fingerjointer, CNC, etc. not shown in large scale) RIBBED CLT PRODUCTION ADDITION
total force [kn] WoodWisdom-Net Seminar Edinburgh 4-5 April 2017 Project highlights and final results The ribbed-concrete Xlam plates Provide a much higher stiffness Allow substantial point loads on the concrete side Could form the finalised roof elements for larger spans 180 160 9.1 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 3.1.a 3.1.b 3.1.c 6.1.a 6.1.b 6.1.c 7.1 9.1 7.1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 midspan deflection [mm]
Project highlights and final results A building element catalogue Wall elements Floor Elements Roof elements
Project highlights and final results An ETA procedure backbone Ease the process for potential producers What needs to be done Which standards have to be used Check of grading acc. to EN 14081 Split or delam. tests acc. 16351 Block shear or delamination tests acc. to EN 14080 Check of grading acc. to EN 14081 Bending tests acc. to EN 15497
Expected impact and target groups Environmental and economical: With the increasing demand for Xlam on the market it is necessary we try to reduce its strain on the forest. The newly developed hybrid elements ensure just that, by reducing the material consumption at equal production price as well as reducing building envelope cost. Target groups: We are mainly addressing existing Xlam producers, however also aiming for current glulam producers. People with knowledge of timber industry are of prime interest, however more general investors are also being sought. A wish to establish production in Slovenia remains despite the lack of investors. Future plans: Talks about establishing a production line are currently being held with three Xlam producers. At the same time we are aiming for a H2020 SME project with the aim to build a smaller scale production line.
Lessons learnt and open questions WoodWisdom in general: An international project with national financing can be problematic in terms of mutual start and finish of the project as well as different reporting demands. Larger industry partners may try to shape the project to suit their needs more, regardless of the initially planed project aims. Larger industry partners may take a long time to give approvals if their internal decision making chain is long, causing delays on the project. HCLTP project: More setups with beech ribs would be interesting. More detail testing of components in different setups (i.e. shear for unsupported ribs) and more bending tests with ribs on the upper side. Acoustic setups need to be further analysed in detail and optimised. The feasibility study was not fully optimised as the Xlam producers are not keen on sharing their financial backgrounds (material prices, production costs etc.).
Thank you for your attention! WoodWisdom-Net Seminar Edinburgh 4-5 April 2017 www.hcltp.com