Structural Timber Systems

Transcription

1 BUILDING SOLID! UTILIZING NEW WOOD TECHNOLOGIES San Francisco Wood Solutions Fair March 16, 2011 The Wood Products Council is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates t of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. J ERIC KARSH, Pi Principali MEng, PEng, StructEng, MIStructE, ing Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Learning Objectives At the end of this program, participants will be able to: Structural Timber Systems 1. Learn about the different solid wood panel products, their advantages and disadvantages. 2. Get an update on the status of the joint Canada/US CLT code committee work. 3. Learn how solid wood panels are used in actual projects. 4. See numerous solid wood panel project examples. POST AND BEAM Centuries old STICK FRAME Last Century SOLID CONSTRUCTION Last 15 years

2 2007 Passivhaus Conference Bregenz, Austria What is a Passivhaus? Building must use 15 kwh/m 2 or less per year in heating energy. The building must not leak air at more than 0.6 house volume per hour (n / hour), when de-pressurized to 50 Pa below atmospheric pressure by a blower door apparatus. The total primary energy consumption (primary energy for heating, hot water and electricity) must not exceed 120 kwh/m² per year.

3 Solid Wood Panel Types Cross laminated Edge laminated (stacked) Nailed Aluminum Dowelled Glued Engineered wood panels

4 Dowelled Edge-Laminated Panels Dowelled Cross-Laminated Panels Nailed Cross-Laminated Panels

5 Cross-laminated Timber (CLT s) - glued Wood Concrete Composites Principle of the HBV System Prof. Leander Bathon, Dr.Ing.

6 Glued vs Nailed/Dowelled Panels Glued vs Nailed/Dowelled Panels Glued CLT s are Focus of most research in Europe and North America They are four (4) times stiffer than nailed/dowelled panels They distribute point loads much better The glue film layers in CLT s provide an air tight layer, critical in Passivhaus design Not o as susceptible e to water exposure e Glued CLT s are Focus of most research in Europe and North America They are four (4) times stiffer than nailed/dowelled panels They distribute point loads much better The glue film layers in CLT s provide an air tight layer, critical in Passivhaus design Not o as susceptible e to water exposure e Glued CLT s dubbed The concrete of the 21 st Century Architecturally Good acoustic & vibration performance (with proper detailing) Fire resistance - Qualifies as heavy timber (alternative solutions) High level of quality from prefabrication Beautiful helps heal, learn & reduce stress

7 From a Passivhaus / sustainable standpoint Heat bridges Good thermal mass (double that of concrete by weight) Good R value lowers effects of heat bridges Helps control interior humidity Air tightness Sustainable and renewable / carbon sink 1m 3 CLTs sequesters about 1 ton CO 2 RValues Wood: per inch Concrete: per inch Steel: per inch 26 Often used in Passivhaus projects CLT s are airtight but are diffusion open CONNECTIONS & DETAILING 28

8 Acoustic and airtight gasket Carbon emissions Airline industry 1% of world carbon emissions Shipping industry 3% of world carbon emissions Concrete industry 5-8% of world carbon emissions Timber: Sequesters 1 ton of carbon per m 3 Structurally Shallow (10 to 15% shallower than concrete) ¼ of the weight of concrete (red. seismic + foundations) High level of accuracy & reliability from shop fabrication No cross grain bearing issues Typical spans: Non composite - spans of 5 to 7 Composite spans of 8 to 12m

9 Particular structural characteristics Very light vibration often governs Rolling shear affects strength, deflection and creep Bearing perp. to grain 30 to 50% higher Check punching shear Seismic characteristics Seismically: Panels are very strong and rigid High shear capacity ( 4.5 MPa vs 1.5 MPa for RC) Ductility governed by connections Vertical (lap) joints in panels add to ductility R d = 2.0; R o = 1.5 recommended by FP Innovations (equivalent to R = 3.75 and Ω = 2.0 T.B.C.)

10 Connectors Shear wall test at UBC Dr. Ario Cecotti, professor, IVALSA, Italy Full-scale shaking table tests on 3-storey CLT building at NIED, Tsukuba, Japan After 20 cycles Screws perform better

11 Full-scale shaking table tests on 7-storey CLT building E-Defense, Miki, Japan Construction Economically compares well to concrete construction Prefabrication reduces on-site trade demands mechano set Shorter schedule - fast erection / M & E and finishes installation Accurate In Europe Nearly 25 years of research Numerous publications but no standard (working on unifying) Products are essentially proprietary Over a dozen large suppliers and several smaller ones Dozens of built projects Market quickly developing - going overseas (Australia, Quatar)

12 In North America 5 years of research at 3 Canadian Universities and FP Innovations First design handbook issued by FP Innovation at the first North American CLT conference in Vancouver February 8th & 9th, 2011 In North America, cont d 3 Canadian suppliers 1 US supplier (importing from Europe) 2 CLT projects completed/ in construction in BC with Austrian panels 2 projects in construction in BC with Canadian panels 2 CLT projects in construction in North Carolina with Austrian panels Several projects in design

13 The Standard for Performance Rated CLT European examples Joint Canada US standard for the fabrication of glued, crosslaminated timber panels Product standard - not a design code 80% draft received February 28th Final version due this July Apartment building Vevey - Switzerland Concrete-wood composite floors and walls Nailed, edge-laminated 2x12 panels spanning 11m 5-storey - 60 Units Built 1995

14 Austrian Forest Ministry Outskirts of Vienna

15 High School Chêne-bourg, Switzerland (Outskirts of Geneva) 2-storey m 2 2 storey, 25,000 m Walls and roof: CLT panels Floors: CLT panels on glulam beams

16 Residence

17 Brückenbau_Parkdeck Murray Grove Building, London, GB World s tallest modern wood building

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20 Canadian examples

21 Discovery Park Office Building BCIT Burnaby Campus 2007

22 Austria House Whistler First registered Passivhaus in Canada First CLT building in North America 2008

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25 Dowling Residence West Vancouver 2008 Dowling Residence West Vancouver

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27 UBC Gasification Building Vancouver 2009

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29 UBC ESSB Vancouver 2009 Section - Typical Office Floors

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31 Tall Wood Going for 20 or more! 2011 Structural Timber Systems Peck Building Montreal POST AND BEAM Centuries old STICK FRAME Last Century SOLID CONSTRUCTION Last 15 years

32 Horyu-ji Temple Nara, Japan Tall Wood Structures In BC Tall Wood Buildings in BC Date: 603 to m tall Leckie Building Date: 1903 Gastown, Vancouver 7 Storeys Heavy timber structure Typical Post + Beam Date: British Columbia Post + Beam 6 Storey Mid-rise Allowable by code (BCBC) Date: 2009 British Columbia Building Height and the BC Building Code Tall Wood Structures Throughout History Pre Pres sent Future e?? Horyu-ji Temple Date: Nara, Japan 32.5 Meters Heavy Timber Stave Church Date: 1130 Norway Post + Beam Murray Grove Waugh Thistleton Architects Date: 2008 London, England KHL CLT Barenthouse Kirkenes Reiulf Ramstad Architects Date: Unrealized Norway Lifecycle Tower CREE Date: Unrealized Austria Glulam beams Wood-concrete composite floors

33 International Perspective on the Building Regulation 3 Storeys 4 Storeys <18m Escape level 6 Storeys 6 Storeys Wood frame <22m Escape level No Limit No Limit Russia Finland Germany Switzerland BC Austria UK Norway y