Linde warehouse technology with fuel cells Hannes Schöbel LMH Int. Press Days 21./22. May 2012
Outlook to 2030 Development of drive systems Fuel cell Alternative fuels Hybrid and Lithium-ion technology IC trucks, electric trucks Year 2007 2015 2030 03/05/2012 / 2
Review of CeMAT 2008 H35D Hybrid P250 Fuel Cell H30 H2 03/05/2012 / 3
CeMAT 2011 E25 Lithium- Ion T16 Lithium- Ion P30C Fuel Cell E30 Fuel Cell 03/05/2012 / 4
Outlook for 2030 Conventional drives Innovative drives PB-Batterie PB battery 30% 10% Fuel Brennstoffzelle cell 10% * Others* Andere Diesel/LPG 30% 20% Li-Ionen * (Bio-fuels/methanol/hybrid/H2 combustion/gel batteries/nimh batteries) 03/05/2012 / 5
Fuel cell drive concept What is the motivation for LMH? Unique energy efficiency concept Advantages Very high level of efficiency The only waste product is pure water Fuel cells work cleanly and quietly We have developed practical solutions together with experienced partners Hydrogen generation with regenerative energies offers an excellent ecological balance Renewable energy Fermentation, conversion into gas Water Compression/liquefication 03/05/2012 / 6
Anode Cathode Fuel cell drive concept High level of efficiency with zero emissions What is a fuel cell? The chemical element hydrogen (H2) is used as the fuel Fuel cells consist of two electrodes that are supplied with hydrogen and oxygen Electrical energy is released by splitting hydrogen molecules The generated electricity powers an electric motor The only waste product is pure water Electric motor Electrolyte (membrane) 1 Water supply 3 Excess water 2 Oxygen supply 4 Electric motor 03/05/2012 / 7
Linde warehouse technology with fuel cells Project approach Truck type, e.g. Customers/industrial test environment Gas supplier H2 infrastructure Fuel cell technology supplier System supplier/ service and maintenance 03/05/2012 / 8
Linde warehouse technology with fuel cells Project description Feasibility analysis Prototype development and installation Fleet test 10 trucks Production and marketing M1 feasibility M2 industrial prototype M3 pre-series production 03/05/2012 / 9
Linde warehouse technology with fuel cells Project objective CeMAT 2008 EnergyCell 2.0 In the future 03/05/2012 / 10
Measured value in g Application requirements for a fuel cell drive in the industry as key factor Industries: Food industry Third Party Logistics Automotive industry Low Resistance to environmental factors High Humidity Customer requirements: Vibration Thermal resistance/shocks Humidity/corrosive substances 0 C Temperature External influences: Fleet applications Performance/energy consumption Service life etc. Time Resistance to vibrations Time 03/05/2012 / 11
Linde warehouse technology with fuel cells Performance as usual, without any restrictions Technical data (target) Continuous output: 2.6 kw Energy content of electrical energy: Equivalent to a battery H2 tank: 350 bar Indoor tank refuelling: <3 min Buffer battery: High Power LiFePO4 System nominal voltage: 26.4 V IP protection class: IP53 Dimensions L/H/W: 786/310/630 mm (4PzS Tray) Weight: 100 kg 03/05/2012 / 12
Linde warehouse technology with fuel cells Framework conditions ( /kwh) Energy costs H 2 price Service life of stack ( /kwh) ( /kg) ( /Nm 3 ) (op.hrs) 0.03 0.16 0.40 36.00 0.36 3.27 Service life of system (op.hrs) Stack costs to end customer ( ) System costs to end customer Fleet size Shift operation (at 8 hours each, 6 hours drive time) Storage space ( 8.50 m 2 /month) Time savings when refuelling ( ) (Truck) (-) (m 2 ) (min.) 1 1 2 0 0 30 50 100 200 5 12 3 Sales figures (Units p.a.) Worst case scenario Best case scenario 03/05/2012 / 13
The future of hydrogen technology Summary The fuel cell is considered to be the drive of the future, but according to current expertise, it will not completely substitute conventional drive technologies The significant technical demands of this technology currently still require high levels of investment The hydrogen infrastructure is not yet in place, and this is one of the greatest barriers to the commercial use of hydrogen However, hydrogen technology has enormous development potential, particularly in the fields of tank technology and hydrogen generation Linde MH sees a potential market for fuel cell technology in the long term, and continues to gather experience in field trials 03/05/2012 / 14
Linde warehouse technology with fuel cells Hannes Schöbel LMH Int. Press Days 21./22. May 2012
Back up 03/05/2012 / 15
Assessment of drive systems Energy costs Total costs Range Rapid fuelling Zero emissions CO 2 balance IC trucks Diesel Hybrid Lead-acid battery Electric trucks Fuel cell Lithium-ion battery