A Comparison of Two Engines. Benefits of an Electric Motor
|
|
- Rolf Alban Cunningham
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Fuel Cells ( Lecture prepared with the able assistance of Ritchie King, TA 1
2 A Comparison of Two Engines Internal-combustion engine Electric motor Only 33% efficient at best 80-90% efficient Air emissions Zero direct emissions Peaky torque-rpm curve Broad torque-rpm curve (needs a transmission) (does not need a transmission) Power loss in idle No idle Irreversible energy conversion Regenerative braking Big and heavy Small and light (50 hp in 600 lbs = 0.7 kw/kg) (75 kw in 13 kg = 5.8 kw/kg) Noisy Quiet So, why don t we have electric motors in our automobiles today? Because we do not have good enough batteries to store the electricity on board of the vehicle! Benefits of an Electric Motor No idling Direct drive No driveline losses More efficient This number is smaller
3 Hydrogen Fuel Cells A fuel cell is a way to generate electricity on board to power an electric motor Catalytic Electrochemical Process catalyst itself does not change, so unlike batteries, fuel cells don t go bad. However, hydrogen is only a carrier of energy, not an energy source. This means that fuel cells are only as clean as the ultimate energy source used to create the hydrogen. A typical fuel cell ( 3
4 How do fuel cells work? All fuels cells have an anode (+) a cathode ( ) an electrolyte separating the two. A fuel flows to the anode and an oxidant to the cathode the resulting chemical reaction produces electricity. Fuel cells are typically classified according to the type of electrolyte used. Fuel Cell Types Fuel Cell Type Phosphoric Acid Molten Carbonate Solid Oxide Proton Exchange Membrane Alkaline Electrolyte H 3 PO 4 (Na,K,Li) CO 3 YSZ Sulfonated Polymers Aq. KOH Operation Temperature ( o C) ( 4
5 Comparative Advantages of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells Higher Power density (fewer cells needed in stack) No electrolyte corrosion or safety concerns Lower operating temperature allows for instant start-up How do PEM fuel cells work? 5
6 How do PEM fuel cells work? circuit e - e - H air Pressure forces H into catalytic membrane Electronegativity of O attracts electrons water N Technical characteristics 6
7 The complete fuel-cell system is more than the cell stack Examples of PEM fuel-cell vehicles: ( ( 7
8 ( GM s concept 8
9 ... and there even exists a fuel-cell motorcycle! This motorcycle is not just quiet, it is silent! ( Remember Hydrogen is not a source of energy, but rather a carrier of energy. In other words, it takes energy to produce hydrogen fuel. To understand how much energy is needed, we need to look at a little chemical thermodynamics. 9
10 Thermodynamics of Hydrolysis and Water Formation A B 1 H O + energy H + O 1 H + O H O + energy The splitting of water (Reaction A) is an endergenic (endothermic) reaction, meaning that it requires a net input of energy because the products are inherently more energetic than the reactants. Conversely, Reaction B is exergenic (exothermic), meaning that it creates a net release of energy to the environment. However, the energy terms in Reaction A and Reaction B are not equal due to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The Second Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law of Thermodynamics has been expressed in many different ways over the years. Perhaps the most well known form is the following: The entropy of the universe is always increasing. 10
11 The Second Law of Thermodynamics This means that the universe is becoming more disordered with every chemical reaction. The splitting and recombination of H O is no exception. 1 H O H + O Water, being a single compound, is more ordered than two-component compounds, H and O. It takes some energy to cleave the more ordered water to create the more disordered H and O. The energy associated with creating the disorder, or entropy, ultimately dissipates and cannot be recovered to do useful work. Enthalpy and Gibbs Energy The enthalpy change of reaction ( H) captures the notion of energy and entropy changes for chemical reactions. In contrast, the change in Gibbs energy ( G) of reaction accounts only for the change in usable energy and not the change in entropy. The two are related by the following equation: G = H T S where T is the temperature in Kelvin and S is the change in entropy. Because absolute temperature is always positive and entropy increases with every reaction, the above equation tells us that the change in Gibbs energy is always less than the change in enthalpy, which is precisely what we would expect. 11
12 Back to Water 1 H O H + O For the above reaction, we have: H = 86 kj/mol H O G = 37 kj/mol H 98 K = 5 o C Now, if it takes H to cleave water into hydrogen and oxygen, and we can only get G back through using hydrogen as fuel, then the maximum efficiency we can possibly attain for the entire process, from hydrogen production to automobile propulsion, is: η thermal = kj/mol kj/mol = 0.83 = 83% As you ve probably guessed, actual efficiencies are much smaller. Hydrogen Production Remember: Hydrogen is only as clean as the fuel source used to produce it. Basically, hydrogen can be produced in one of two ways: Through a series of high-temperature chemical reactions By using electricity to split water (electrolysis) In this presentation, we ll be looking at using renewable resources, specifically wind, to generate electricity to be used for electrolysis. 1
13 Chemical reactions for hydrogen production: Steam reforming ( o C) CH 4 + H O (steam) 3H + CO Water gas shift (00 or 350 o C) CO + H O (steam) H + CO Dry reforming ( o C) CH 4 + CO H + CO Partial oxidation of methanol (50 o C) CH 3 OH + H O (steam) 3H + CO An interesting question: What is the minimum number of windmills it would take to produce enough hydrogen to power the US automobile fleet? What would that number be for New Hampshire alone? ( 13
14 What we ll need to know Rate of electrolytic hydrogen production per unit power Fuel economy of hydrogen fuel cell cars Number of miles driven annually in the US Typical capacity of a windmill Note: Often, this kind of information can be found on the Energy Information Administration website: eia.doe.gov Electrolytic Hydrogen Production A typical value for the amount of energy needed to produce hydrogen by electrolysis is 367 kj/mol. (Note that this is appreciably higher than the H value, 86 kj/mol). This means that 1 kw of electricity can produce 1/367 = mol/s or g/s of H. Equivalently, 1 MW can produce kg/s. (Berry, Gene D. Hydrogen Production Encyclopedia of Energy, 6 th ed. Elsevier 004) 14
15 Fuel economy of a hydrogen fuel-cell car: Experience with existing prototypes reveals that a hydrogen fuel-cell car has a fuel economy of 199 km/kg This means that a fuel-cell car can go 199 km (= 14 miles) on 1 kg of hydrogen. Put another way, to have a range of 600 km (= 400 miles), it needs a tank that can hold 600/199 = 3.0 kg of hydrogen. Miles driven/year In 003, US personal vehicles traveled a total of,594 billion miles (4.17 x 10 1 km) 1, equivalent to 8,750 miles per person in the US (everyone, including children, who don t drive). NH residents drove a total of 14,51 million miles (.9 x km) in the same year, equivalent to 10,880 miles per person in the state (including children). 1 Vital Signs 006: Economic and Social Indicators for New Hampshire, Economic & Labor Market Information Bureau. Jan
16 Capacity of average wind turbine Typical wind turbine has nameplate capacity of about 1 MW Nameplate capacity is max capacity of course, average production will be less than this and will depend on local wind patterns. Meeting the US driving demand 1 windmill 1MW 1 MW kg H 1kg H /s 199 km 1year = 11,90 windmills s km 1 year 16
17 Is this possible? 1,000 windmills have a collective capacity of 1 GW. The EPA estimates that the US has over,500 GW of potentially available wind resource, meaning that 5% of total available capacity would be used to power the US automobile fleet. 1 Remember, however, that the value for miles traveled used here was for 003. The EIA projects that by 05, annual vehicle miles traveled will be 3,791 billion, which would require about 178,00 windmills and 7.1% of total available wind resource Is it going to happen? Not without a huge push. The EPA estimates that by 05, the US will have developed a total wind power capacity of 47 GW. If the EIA projections prove accurate, this capacity will only account for 6% of the energy needed. ( 17
18 Meeting NH demand 1windmill 1MW 1 MW kg H 1kg H /s 199 km 1year = 670 windmills s km 1 year Does this make sense? According to the US census, in July 005, the population of the US was about 96.4 million while the population of NH was about 1.31 million. If everybody were driving the same amount everywhere in the States, we would expect New Hampshire to need about 540 windmills. ( 18
19 Some Good Sources Nagamoto, H. Fuel Cells: Electrochemical Reactions. Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology. 006, Pgs Appleby, Anthony J. "Fuel cell", in DOI / , last modified: February 8,
Module 9: Energy Storage Lecture 34: Fuel Cell
Module 9: Energy Storage Lecture 34: Fuel Cell In this lecture the energy storage (fuel cell) is presented. The following topics are covered in this lecture: Fuel cell Issues in fuel cell Hydrogen fuel
More informationOutline. Determining Equivalence Factors II. Fuel Cell Stack. Fuel Cell Basic Principles. Overview of Different Fuel Cell Technologies
Vehicle Propulsion Systems Lecture 8 Fuel Cell Vehicles Lars Eriksson Professor Vehicular Systems Linköping University May 3, 8 / 4 / 4 Deterministic Dynamic Programming Basic algorithm N J(x ) = g N (x
More informationAdvanced Analytical Chemistry Lecture 10. Chem 4631
Advanced Analytical Chemistry Lecture 10 Chem 4631 What is a fuel cell? An electro-chemical energy conversion device A factory that takes fuel as input and produces electricity as output. O 2 (g) H 2 (g)
More informationCH2356 Energy Engineering Fuel Cell. Dr. M. Subramanian
CH2356 Energy Engineering Fuel Cell Dr. M. Subramanian Associate Professor Department of Chemical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering Kalavakkam 603 110, Kanchipuram(Dist) Tamil
More informationIntroduction Fuel Cells
Introduction Fuel Cells Fuel cell applications PEMFC PowerCell AB, S2 PEMFC, 5-25 kw Toyota Mirai a Fuel Cell Car A look inside The hydrogen tank 1. Inside Layer of polymer closest to the H2 gas 2. Intermediate
More informationFUEL CELLS: Types. Electrolysis setup
FUEL CELLS: Types History of the technology The fuel cell concept was first demonstrated by William R. Grove, a British physicist, in 1839. The cell he demonstrated was very simple, probably resembling
More informationTrends in the Use of Fuel
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trends in the Use of Fuel Wood Coal Oil Natural Gas Hydrogen Percentage of hydrogen content in fuel 19 th century: steam engine 20 th century: internal combustion engine 21 st century:
More informationENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY HYDROGEN GAS AS FUEL IN FUEL CELL AND ITS CHALLENGES
ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY HYDROGEN GAS AS FUEL IN FUEL CELL AND ITS CHALLENGES Hydrogen is the simplest and lightest element. Storage is one of the greatest problems for hydrogen. It leaks very easily from
More informationJason C. Ganley. Howard University Department of Chemical Engineering Washington, DC
Intermediate Temperature Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells Jason C. Ganley Howard University Department of Chemical Engineering Washington, DC 1 Ammonia for Fuel Cells CH4 103 (1.5 H2)! Very mild enthalpy of reforming!
More informationFuel Cells 101. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Educational Outreach Workshop Presented by David Cooke October 21 st, 2013
Fuel Cells 101 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Educational Outreach Workshop Presented by David Cooke October 21 st, 2013 1 Why are hydrogen and fuel cells important? Hydrogen and fuel cells are technology solutions
More informationHOW IT WORKS w w w. f u e l c e l l p a r t n e r s h i p. o r g
HOW IT WORKS w w w. f u e l c e l l p a r t n e r s h i p. o r g FUEL CELL ENERGY POWERS THE CAR! Electrical Current ELECTRONS The movement of electrons generates electricity to power the motor. OXYGEN
More informationChemistry 2000 Lecture 16: Batteries and fuel cells
Chemistry 2000 Lecture 16: Batteries and fuel cells Marc R. Roussel February 27, 2018 Marc R. Roussel Batteries and fuel cells February 27, 2018 1 / 12 Batteries Cells and batteries We have already seen
More informationThermal Hydrogen : An Emissions Free Hydrocarbon Economy. by: Jared Moore, Ph.D. October 17 th, 2017
Thermal Hydrogen : An Emissions Free Hydrocarbon Economy by: Jared Moore, Ph.D. jared@meridianenergypolicy.com October 17 th, 2017 Peer reviewed and published, please cite as: Moore, J, Thermal Hydrogen:
More informationBy janaka. Copyrights HIMT
By janaka Copyrights HIMT 2016 1 In container trade alone the equivalent of 125 million twenty-foot containers being shipped worldwide. It is these quantities that make shipping such a significant contributor
More informationNew Energy Conservation Technologies
Queensland University of Technology & University of Queensland Jan 2004 New Energy Conservation Technologies By Julian Dinsdale Executive Chairman, Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited ABSTRACT During the next one
More informationZn(s) Zn 2+ (aq) + 2 e - Oxidation Anode Cu 2+ (aq) + 2 e - Cu (s) Reduction Cathode
Zn(s) Zn 2+ (aq) + 2 e - Oxidation Anode Cu 2+ (aq) + 2 e - Cu (s) Reduction Cathode Anode: H 2 (g) 2 H + (aq) + 2 e - Cathode: ½ O 2 (g) + 2 H + (aq) + 2 e - H 2 O (l) Net: ½ O 2 (g) + H 2 (g) H 2 O (l)
More informationWet Cells, Dry Cells, Fuel Cells
page 2 page 3 Teacher's Notes Wet Cells, Dry Cells, Fuel Cells How the various electrochemical cells work Grades: 7-12 Duration: 33 mins Program Summary This video is an introductory program outlining
More informationHYDROGEN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY
HYDROGEN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY Vikash, Vipin Yadav, Vipin Badgaiyan Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon Abstract: - Whereas the 19th century was the century of the steam engine and the 20th century
More informationAlternatives to Alternative Energy - FUEL CELLS. C.J. Kobus Oakland University
Alternatives to Alternative Energy - FUEL CELLS C.J. Kobus Oakland University Take Home Lesson Fuel cells can help us generate cleaner power from conventional sources more efficiently and can be conveniently
More informationAC : DESIGN OF AN EXPERIMENTAL POWER SOURCE USING HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS
AC 2007-2870: DESIGN OF AN EXPERIMENTAL POWER SOURCE USING HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS Esther Ososanya, University of the District of Columbia Samuel Lakeou, University of the District of Columbia Abiyu Negede,
More informationSustainable Energy Science and Engineering Center. Fuel Cell Systems and Hydrogen Production
Fuel Cell Systems and Hydrogen Production Fuel Cell Type < 5kW 5-250kW < 100W 250kW 250kW - MW 2kW - MW Electrochemical Reactions 11 Efficiency Efficiency Source: Hazem Tawfik, Sept 2003 Pressure Effects
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam 2 CHEM 1100 Summer School 2017 PRACTICE EXAM Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The heat of combustion of ethane, C 2 H
More informationNLP optimization of a methanol plant by using H 2 co-product in fuel cells
17 th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering ESCAPE17 V. Plesu and P.S. Agachi (Editors) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1 NLP optimization of a methanol plant by using H 2 co-product
More informationAn experimental study of kit fuel cell car to supply power
An experimental study of kit fuel cell car to supply power Mustafa I. Fadhel Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Jalan Ayer Keroh Lama, 75450, Melaka, Malaysia. mustafa.i.fadhel@mmu.edu.my
More informationLow Temperature PEM vs. High Temperature PEM fuel cells
Hochschule Ulm presentation seminar EPS (ECPS2) Low Temperature PEM vs. High Temperature PEM fuel cells Aaron Fesseler EE2 3126581 Tim Kistenfeger EE2 3126534 supervisor: Dr. Joachim Scholta WS 2017/2018
More informationFuel Cell Technology
Fuel Cell Technology 1. Technology overview 2. Fuel cell performance 3. Fuel cell systems 4. Sample calculations 5. Experiment using PEM cell Goal: To provide a better understanding of the fuel cell technology,
More informationHyCentA 10 Years of Hydrogen Success Story
HyCentA 10 Years of Hydrogen Success Story Assoc.Prof. DI Dr. Manfred Klell HyCentA, A3PS, Vienna 9 th November 2015 1. Spatenstich 2005 03 11 Slide 2 Eröffnung 2005 10 11 Slide 3 Slide 4 Hydrogen Center
More informationEnergy Transfer, Conversion and Storage Toolbox 5
Energy Transfer, Conversion and Storage Toolbox 5 Sustainable Energy J.W. Tester 1. Multiple scales of energy 2. Energy sources and properties 3. Energy flows and balances 4. Chemical reactions and kinetics
More informationFuel cells, myths and facts. PhD candidate Ole-Erich Haas
Fuel cells, myths and facts PhD candidate Ole-Erich aas 1 Outline Fuel cell, history and general principle Fuel cell types and chemical systems PEM fuel cells for transport sector Polymer membranes Electrodes
More informationDirect Energy Conversion: Fuel Cells
Direct Energy Conversion: Fuel Cells References: Direct Energy Conversion by Stanley W. Angrist, Allyn and Beacon, 982. Fuel Cell Systems, Explained by James Larminie and Andrew Dicks, Wiley, 2003. Fuel
More informationDESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF OXY-HYDROGEN ENGINE
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF OXY-HYDROGEN ENGINE S. Mohanavellan 1, R. Dhanasekar 2, V. Gokulraj 3, K. Hariraj 4, S. Jagdeshwaran 5 1Assistant professor, Dept.of Mechanical Engineering, KSR Institution for
More informationSTEPWISE. FUEL CELLS Case Method.
STEPWISE http://www.stepwiser.ca FUEL CELLS Case Method The case method provided here is based on the STEPWISE curriculum and instructional framework provided below. This and other case methods provide
More informationFuel Cells Introduction Fuel Cell Basics
Fuel Cells Introduction Did you know that the appliances, lights, and heating and cooling systems of our homes requiring electricity to operate consume approximately three times the energy at the power
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY
APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY SPONTANEOUS REDOX REACTIONS APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS BATTERIES A galvanic cell, or series of combined galvanic cells, that can be used as a source of direct
More informationYour partner for sustainable hydrogen generation siemens.com/silyzer
Hydrogen Solutions Your partner for sustainable hydrogen generation siemens.com/silyzer Renewable energy Growth Renewable energy is playing an increasingly important role worldwide. It s the backbone of
More informationEnergy - What are the Technical, Economic, and Political Implications of Meeting our Basic Energy. Needs?
Energy - What are the Technical, Economic, and Political Implications of Meeting our Basic Energy Eric M. Stuve Needs? Department of Chemical Engineering University of Washington http://faculty.washington.edu/stuve/
More informationStatus and Trends for Stationary Fuel Cell Power Systems
Status and Trends for Stationary Fuel Cell Power Systems Dan Rastler Technical Leader, Distributed Energy Resources Program drastler@epri.com 650-855-2521 Discussion Topics Review Technical and R&D Status
More informationCarbon Dioxide Zero-Emission Hydrogen System based on Nuclear Power
Carbon Dioxide Zero-Emission Hydrogen System based on Nuclear Power Yukitaka Kato Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors Tokyo Institute of Technology Paper #51, 2B2 Innovative Energy Transmutation COE-INES
More informationApplicability of Dimethylether to Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
17 Nov. 2011, 7th Asian DME Conference Applicability of Dimethylether to Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ~ Reforming and Cell Performance in Anode Off-gas Recycle ~ Yohei Tanaka, Katsutoshi Sato, Akihiko Momma,
More informationHYDROGEN FUEL CELL POWERTRAIN LEVELIZED COST OF ELECTRICITY
HYDROGEN FUEL CELL POWERTRAIN LEVELIZED COST OF ELECTRICITY Mario Valentino Romeri Independent Consultant, Italy, Valentino.Romeri@Alice.it Overnight Costs and Levelized Costs of Generating Electricity
More informationPreliminary evaluation of fuel cells
TR Preliminary evaluation of fuel cells Nils Arild Ringheim December 2000 TECHNICAL REPORT Energy Research SINTEF Energy Research Address: NO-7465 Trondheim, NORWAY Reception: Sem Sælands vei 11 Telephone:
More informationFeatures and Benefits of Hydrogen Powered Transit. Andrew A. Rezin, Ph.D., Director Midwest Hydrogen Center of Excellence
Features and Benefits of Hydrogen Powered Transit Andrew A. Rezin, Ph.D., Director Midwest Hydrogen Center of Excellence FUELING OUR EVERYDAY LIFE 2 Current primary fuel sources: Methane (CH 4 ) + oxygen
More informationRENEWABLE OPTIONS OF FUTURE MOBILITY: BEYOND OIL
RENEWABLE OPTIONS OF FUTURE MOBILITY: BEYOND OIL Dr. Sanjay Kaul Professor Fitchburg State University Fitchburg, MA Conventional Oil reserves are concentrated in OPEC areas (>70%). The production maximum
More informationHydrogen production via catalytic water splitting. Prospects of reducing greenhouse emission by hydrogen powered energy technologies
Hydrogen production via catalytic water splitting Prospects of reducing greenhouse emission by hydrogen powered energy technologies Increasing molecular weight Mass energy densities for various fuels Fuel
More informationBioGas and Fuel Cells BioGas 2020 Skandinavias Biogaskonferanse 2018, Fredrikstad, April Crina S. ILEA Contact:
BioGas and Fuel Cells BioGas 2020 Skandinavias Biogaskonferanse 2018, Fredrikstad, 25-26 April 2018 Crina S. ILEA Contact: crina@prototech.no Christian Michelsen Institute (CMI) Founded in 1988 Two departments:
More informationBrief Introduction to Fuel Cells, Hydrogen Production and Storage
Brief Introduction to Fuel Cells, Hydrogen Production and Storage Production Outline Intermediate Conversion Electrolysis Jens Oluf Jensen Energy Reforming Microbial Thermal Transmission Storage Fuel cells
More informationI. INTRODUCTION. II. OBJECTIVE OF THE EXPERIMENT. III. THEORY
I. INTRODUCTION. Chemical pollution is a serious problem that demands the attention of the scientific community in the early 21 st century. The consequences of pollution are numerous: heating of the atmosphere
More informationFuel Cell Technology: A Review
Fuel Cell Technology: A Review Omkar Yarguddi 1, Dr. Anjali A. Dharme 2 Senior Undergraduate student, Dept. Of Electrical Engg, College of Engg, Pune, Maharashtra, India 1 Associate Professor, Dept. Of
More informationFuel of the future. HafenCity hydrogen station
Fuel of the future HafenCity hydrogen station Energy future becomes a reality Electromobility with hydrogen At the entrance to Hamburg s HafenCity you can find a piece of the future: one of the biggest
More informationElectrolysis for energy storage
Electrolysis for energy storage Mogens B. Mogensen and Christodoulos Chatzichristodoulou Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Denmark Acknowledgements to colleagues at DTU
More informationProceedings of the 14th International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON 10), Cairo University, Egypt, December 19-21, 2010, Paper ID 217.
Proceedings of the 14th International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON 10), Cairo University, Egypt, December 19-21, 2010, Paper ID 217. Modeling and Analysis of a PEM Fuel cell for Electrical
More informationMICRO FUEL CELLS for MOBILE POWER Thermal Management in Fuel Cells
Thermal Management in Fuel Cells Jennifer Brantley Mechanical Engineer UltraCell Corporation 2/29/08 2/29/08 MEPTEC Thermal Symposium Session 4: Green 1 Agenda What is a Fuel Cell? Why Fuel Cells? Types
More informationMECA0500: FUEL CELLS - Part 1: Fuel Cell
MECA0500: FUEL CELLS - Part 1: Fuel Cell Pierre Duysinx LTAS-Automotive Engineering University of Liege Academic year 2018-2019 1 References C.C. Chan & K.T. Chau. Modern Electric Vehicle Technology. Oxford
More informationEnergy From Electron Transfer. Chemistry in Context
Energy From Electron Transfer Chemistry in Context Energy Types Batteries Hybrid Cars (Electrical) H 2 (and Other) Fuel Cells Solar Fuel Cell Car Demo H 2 Fuel Cell Reactions Step 1: H 2 (g) 2H + (aq)
More informationBasic Thermodynamics and System Analysis for Fuel Cells
2 nd Joint European Summer School on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology Crete, 17 th 28 th Sept. 2012 Basic Thermodynamics and System Analysis for Fuel Cells Prof. Dr. Robert Steinberger-Wilckens Centre
More informationInfluence of Pressure Drop in PEM Fuel Cell Stack on the Heat and Mass Balances in 100 kw Systems
Influence of Pressure Drop in PEM Fuel Cell Stack on the Heat and Mass Balances in 100 kw Systems Outline Introduction Motivation Methodof Analysis Results and Discussion Conclusions PEM Fuel Cell Introduction
More informationImages from readings will be provided as a hard copy or an electronic form to help in the presentation.
Renewable Energy Fuel Cell Technology Project/LAB Task One: Create a poster, power point, or any other computer based technology to present one of the sections below. Once completed, your job will be to
More informationFMI ENERGY CONFERENCE. Orlando September 2008
FMI ENERGY CONFERENCE Orlando September 2008 FUEL CELL ORIGINS Sir William Grove invented the fuel cell in 1839 Demonstrated that reaction was reversible Fuel cell term introduced by Ludwig Mond and Charles
More informationAmmonia as Hydrogen Carrier
Hydrogen ü Primary fuel source for fuel cell ü Low volume density ü Difficulty in storage and transportation Ammonia as Hydrogen Carrier Ammonia ü High H 2 density ü Carbon-free ü High boiling point ü
More informationP21 WHITE PAPER FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION PREMION T FUEL CELL SYSTEM. Copyright 2006 P21 GmbH. All rights reserved.
P21 WHITE PAPER FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION PREMION T FUEL CELL SYSTEM Copyright 2006 P21 GmbH. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose
More informationTitanium coatings deposited by thermal spraying for bipolar plates of PEM electrolysers
1> Titanium coatings - A73 > A. S. Gago et al. ECFC 213 > July 4, 213 Titanium coatings deposited by thermal spraying for bipolar plates of PEM electrolysers A. S. Gago, A. S. Ansar, N. Wagner, J. Arnold,
More informationTitanium coatings deposited by thermal spraying for bipolar plates of PEM electrolyzers
1 > Titanium coatings - ise13147 > A. S. Gago et al. ISE 213 > September 9, 213 Titanium coatings deposited by thermal spraying for bipolar plates of PEM electrolyzers A. S. Gago, A. S. Ansar, N. Wagner,
More informationCoupling Carbonless Electricity and Hydrogen Transportation
Coupling Carbonless Electricity and Hydrogen Transportation 9 July 2003 Gene Berry & Alan Lamont (berry6@llnl.gov) Energy and Environment Directorate Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA
More informationHYDROGEN FUEL. When I think of hydrogen fuel, a certain picture pops into my head: cars driving
HYDROGEN FUEL When I think of hydrogen fuel, a certain picture pops into my head: cars driving around dripping water, no exhaust, no smog, green grass, nice trees, blue sky, puffy white clouds, smiling
More informationProblem specification
1 of 6 pages University of Rochester Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering ECE227/427 Take-home Exam due: 4-30-10 You are to work entirely alone on this take-home exam. NO COLLABORATION IS ALLOWED.
More informationESSENCE - International Journal for Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation
ESSENCE - International Journal for Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation Volume VIII: No. 1 2017 [108 119] [ISSN 0975-6272] [www.essence-journal.com] Hydrogen Fuel Cell Saini, Richa Received:
More informationAnalysis of Residential Fuel Cell System
Analysis of Residential Fuel Cell System Raju Kumar 1, Avinash Kumar 2, Dr. K. B. Waghulde 3 Students, Department of Mechanical Engineering, J. T. Mahajan College of Engineering, Faizpur, Maharashtra,
More informationOUTLINE OF PRESENTATION P RE AM BLE 1.
HYDROGEN ECONOMY Promoted by UTM OTEC Solutions Sdn Bhd With the Support of UTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre (UTM OTEC) Prepared and Presented by Dato Ir Dr A. Bakar Jaafar, FASc Professor & Director of
More informationCapture the Energy 2012 Conference and Annual Meeting March 7 & 8, 2012 Troy, New York
Capture the Energy 2012 Conference and Annual Meeting March 7 & 8, 2012 Troy, New York Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Perspective & Update on the State-of-the-Art Arkady Malakhov 771 Elmgrove Road, Rochester,
More informationPotential of thermally integrated high-temperature electrolysis and methanation for the storage of energy by Power-to-Gas
International Gas Union Research Conference 14 Potential of thermally integrated high-temperature electrolysis and methanation for the storage of energy by Power-to-Gas Stephan Anger TU Bergakademie Freiberg,
More informationP1: a/b P2: c/d QC: e/f T1: g c01 JWBK310-O Hayre November 3, :11 Printer: Yet to come PART I COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL FUEL CELL PRINCIPLES
PART I FUEL CELL PRINCIPLES COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL 1 2 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION You are about to embark on a journey into the world of fuel cells and electrochemistry. This chapter will act as a roadmap for
More informationFuel Cell Systems: an Introduction for the Engineer (and others)
Fuel Cell Systems: an Introduction for the Engineer (and others) Professor Donald J. Chmielewski Center for Electrochemical Science and Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Presented to the E 3
More informationEnergy from Renewables: Envisioning a Brighter Future. Fuel Cells Charles Vesely
Energy from Renewables: Envisioning a Brighter Future Fuel Cells Charles Vesely Who are we? Cummins Power Generation (AKA Onan) World Headquarters, Central Engineering, and Manufacturing for the Americas
More informationAdvanced Fuel Cell Technology for Co-Production of Electric Power and Carboxylic Acids Using Coal-Derived Alcohols
Advanced Fuel Cell Technology for Co-Production of Electric Power and Carboxylic Acids Using Coal-Derived Alcohols Advent of the practical coal-fired fuel cell John M. Pope, Ph.D. Chairman NDC Power Cheyenne,
More informationFuel Cell A Future Powerhouse Dr Sudhir Kumar, Chief Executive, Green Energy Solutions, Pune Fuel Cell History
Fuel Cell A Future Powerhouse Dr Sudhir Kumar, Chief Executive, Green Energy Solutions, Pune Fuel Cell History The principle of the fuel cell was discovered by German scientist Christian Friedrich Schönbein
More informationNel Group. Jon André Løkke Chief Executive Officer
Nel Group Jon André Løkke Chief Executive Officer Three business segments Nel ASA Global pure-play hydrogen company facilities in Norway, Denmark and the U.S. Significant foothold in fast-growing markets
More informationPhysics 100 Lecture 24. Fusion Energy and Fuel Cells April 30, 2018
1 Physics 100 Lecture 24 Fusion Energy and Fuel Cells April 30, 2018 2 Class quiz Chs 16-18: What is the key advantage of using biofuels? A. They are non-polluting. B. Burning them releases no CO 2 C.
More informationFuel Cells in Energy Technology (9) Werner Schindler Department of Physics Nonequilibrium Chemical Physics TU München summer term 2013
Fuel Cells in Energy Technology (9) Werner Schindler Department of Physics Nonequilibrium Chemical Physics TU München summer term 2013 - Source - Distribution - CO poisoning - Emissions (true zero, CO
More informationNuclear Hydrogen Production in Saudi Arabia: Future and Opportunities
Nuclear Hydrogen Production in Saudi Arabia: Future and Opportunities Abdullah A. AlZahrani University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Canada. Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
More informationHydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle The newly invented hydrogen car is a vehicle that uses hydrogen as its main source of fuel. These cars convert the chemical energy of hydrogen to mechanical energy either by
More informationFuel Cell Science & Technology
446.671671 Fuel Cell Science & Technology Instructor: Suk Won Cha Course Introduction Office: 301-1417, 1417, Phone: 880-1700, Email: swcha@snu.ac.kr, Office Hours: A/O TA: Sanghoon Ji Office: 314-311,
More informationTHE FUTURE OF SOLAR FUELS. When could they become competitive? Remko Detz
THE FUTURE OF SOLAR FUELS When could they become competitive? Remko Detz WHAT ARE SOLAR FUELS? AND THEIR COSTS? 2 The future of solar fuels Source: Detz et al., 2018. TNO 3500 employees 3 The future of
More informationProposal by the CEG Group for Fuel Cell Equipped Scooters in Taiwan
Proposal by the CEG Group for Fuel Cell Equipped Scooters in Taiwan North Carolina A & T State University Proposal Team Proposal #119101 Michelle Smith msmichellemd@yahoo.com November 19, 2001 Johnny S.
More informationHydrogen as an energy carrier: production and utilisation
Hydrogen as an energy carrier: production and utilisation Dr.-Ing. Roland Hamelmann D-23611 Bad Schwartau Vita Dr.-Ing. Roland Hamelmann TU Clausthal, chemical engineering (PhD on continous production
More informationProf. Mario L. Ferrari
Sustainable Energy Mod.1: Fuel Cells & Distributed Generation Systems Dr. Ing. Mario L. Ferrari Thermochemical Power Group (TPG) - DiMSET University of Genoa, Italy Lesson IV: fuel cells (PEFC or PEM)
More informationAlejandro Avendaño Friday April 21, 2006
FUEL CELLS AND DISTRIBUTED GENERATION Alejandro Avendaño Friday April 21, 2006 Introduction Distributed Generation The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) defines distributed generation as the integrated
More informationAn Anion Exchange Regenerative Fuel Cell System for Energy Storage
An Anion Exchange Regenerative Fuel Cell System for Energy Storage S. Szymanski, K. Ayers: Proton OnSite, Wallingford, CT G. Coates, P. Mutolo: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY NY-BEST Energy Storage Technology
More informationFigure 8: Typical Process Flow Diagram Showing Major Components of Direct Hydrogen PEFC System. Lecture No.8 Page 1
PEFC Systems PEFC stacks require tight control of fuel and air feed quality, humidity level, and temperature for sustained high-performance operation. To provide this, PEFC stacks must be incorporated
More informationTo Hydrogen or not to Hydrogen. Potential as a Ship Fuel. Dr. John Emmanuel Kokarakis. Emmanuel John Kokarakis University of Crete
To Hydrogen or not to Hydrogen. Potential as a Ship Fuel Dr. John Emmanuel Kokarakis Emmanuel John Kokarakis University of Crete THE VISION "I believe that water will one day be employed as fuel, that
More informationSecond Generation PEM Fuel Cells and the Indirect Reduction of Oxygen
Second Generation PEM Fuel Cells and the Indirect Reduction of Oxygen Trevor Davies, University of Chester FCH2 2015, 21 st May 2015 PEM Fuel Cell Market Predictions Outline Conventional PEM fuel cells
More informationQuestions and Answers about Hydrogen and Fuel Cells. Here are answers to the top questions expressed about hydrogen and fuel cells.
Questions and Answers about Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Recent articles have identified the challenges the nation faces in pursuing a hydrogen economy. These articles and comments generally support hydrogen
More informationThe Hydrogen Society A National Feasibility Study
The Hydrogen Society A National Feasibility Study [Hydrogensamfunnet en nasjonal mulighetsstudie] May 2000 A report prepared by SINTEF Energy Research, Trondheim Institute for Energy Technology, Kjeller
More informationHTR Process Heat Applications
HTR Process Heat Applications Training Course on High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Technology October 19-23, Serpong, Indonesia Japan Atomic Energy Agency HTR Heat Applications Hydrogen production Hydrogen
More informationRecent Advances in PEM Electrolysis and their Implications for Hydrogen Energy Markets
Recent Advances in PEM Electrolysis and their Implications for Hydrogen Energy Markets By Everett Anderson Symposium on Water Electrolysis and Hydrogen as Part of the Future Renewable Energy System 10-11
More informationTutorial experiments
Tutorial experiments Tutorial experiments 1. Decomposition of water with regard to the resulting volume of hydrogen and oxygen gas.......................................................... 4 2. Current-voltage
More informationANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN ELECTROLYZER WORK
Silesian University of Technology Institute of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN ELECTROLYZER WORK Janusz Kotowicz Włodzimierz Ogulewicz Daniel Węcel Michał Jurczyk Power Engineering
More informationA Parametric Study of Stack Performance for a 4.8kW PEM Fuel Cell Stack. A thesis presented to. the faculty of
A Parametric Study of Stack Performance for a 4.8kW PEM Fuel Cell Stack A thesis presented to the faculty of the Russ College of Engineering and Technology of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of
More informationBatteries. Dry Cell (Flashlight Battery) Self contained electrochemical cell. ! Primary batteries (not rechargeable)
Batteries Self contained electrochemical cell Dry Cell (Flashlight Battery)! Primary batteries (not rechargeable)! Secondary batteries (rechargeable) Anode: Zn(s)! Research Needed to Improve Batteries:
More informationDesign and Integration of Portable SOFC Generators. Introduction
Design and Integration of Portable SOFC Generators Joseph C. Poshusta, Ames Kulprathipanja, Jerry L. Martin, Christine M. Martin, Mesoscopic Devices, LLC, Broomfield, CO Introduction Although the majority
More informationExplain whether this process is oxidation or reduction.
1 Electroplating steel objects with silver involves a three-step process. step 1 A coating of copper is applied to the object. step 2 A coating of nickel is applied to the object. step 3 The coating of
More information