Energy Efficient Building Envelope Kiev, 13.5.2010 Dr. Ing. R. Himmler energydesign stuttgart Ingenieurgesellschaft mbh Gropiusplatz 10 70563 Stuttgart Germany www.energydesign st.com robert.himmler@energydesign st.com Seite 1
Energy Efficient Pilot Project Ukraine Structure Cooperation Ministry for Construction Ministry for Environment Contracted for Implementation Consultancy Energy Efficient Pilot Project Consultancy Design Working Group Building Design Team m-g-h ingenieure + architekten GmbH stuttgart Seite 2 Building Owner Architect Structural Engineer HVAC Engineer Contractor
Objectives of the Energy Efficient Pilot Project Development of energy efficient building concepts during the planning stage and implementation Awarness raising within the relevant national and municipal institutions, associations, chambers and the general public Training and instruction of architects, engineers, municipalities and construction companies Seite 3
Building Envelopes Nowadays Berlin Kiev Abu Dhabi Seite 4
Hot and Humid Climate Seite 5
Cold and Dry Climate Seite 6
Traditional Buildings in Ukraine CO 2 neutral energy supply thermal insulation passive shading system sufficient window/wall area Seite 7
Energy Balance of a Building Transmission Q S Q T Solar Q V Ventilation Q i Internal Gains Q T Q T Heat Loss - Q V + - η Heat Gains ( Q S Q i ) + = = Q h Q h (Heating Demand) Seite 8
Heating Demand Energy Balance 120 110 Heat Losses Heat Gains = Heating Demand (Q h ) Heating Energy [kwh/m 2 ] 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Ventilation Q V Transmission Q T 50 % 50 % passivsolar Q S internal Q i 20 % 30 % Nutzbare Gewinne Heating Demand Q h 50 % 0 Source: TU Braunschweig, IGS Seite 9
Compact Building Design Surface to Volume Ratio A Area of Building Envelope V Volume of Building Source: TU Braunschweig, IGS Seite 10
Kiev, Sherbakova A/V = 0,24 Source: AAA Architects Seite 11
Passive solar gains shading N Building Orientation Southwest Southeast Shading Angle 15 avoid high plants (e.g. trees) Seite 12
Passive solar gains shading Stepping of Buildings Roof Forms Seite 13
Urban City Design Considering Orientation of the Buildings Heating Demand Solar Gains Appartment Area Seite 14
Solarisation of Urban Planning Passive House Neighbourhood Ulm SOUTH Seite 15
Solarhaus des Sokrates (469 397 v. Chr.) 1 Solar Radiation in Summertime 2 Solar Radiation in Wintertime 3 Terrasse 4 Living Room 5 Storage Room 6 Massiv Walls (Heat Storage) 7 Stone Floor (Heat Storage) Shading Solar Heating Summer in Winter 6 Heating Quelle: M. Trebersprung, Neues Bauen mit der Sonne Seite 16
Roller Shutter Examples Advantages: improves thermal comfort reduces cooling demand blinds burglar protection Seite 17
Thermal Insulation: Roof, Walls, Floors Seite 18
Wall types monolithic thermal insulation composite system light frame construction sandwich Seite 19
Comparison of Insulation Standards EnEV Standard Passive House U Value [W/m²K] U Value [W/m²K] Wall 10 cm < 0,45 30 cm < 0,15 also monolithic Roof 16 cm < 0,35 40 cm < 0,1 Windows 2 fach < 1,70 3 fach < 0,8 Seite 20
Only Good Quality during the Construction Process Guarantees Good Results! Thermal Insulation Source: StoCretec Source: Hasit Adhesive Wall Q T Q T -15 C 20 C -15 C 20 C 0 C Seite 21
Heat Bridges very bad, heat bridges can lead to condensation and mould better optimised solution Seite 22
Example: connection wall floor conventional solution improved solution Seite 23
Reduce Heat Bridges! Standard Frame covered by insulation Frame shifted into insulation layer Ψ = 0,55 W/(mK) Ψ = 0,12 W/(mK) Ψ = 0,03 W/(mK) Seite 24
Heat bridges lead to condensation and mould Seite 25
Air Tight Building Envelope Seite 26
Which materials are air tight? air tight: plaster concrete steam brake / plastic wood glazing / window frames not air tight: thermal insulation foam insulation brick wall Seite 27
Example for damaged steam brake Seite 28
Quality Control during Design, Construction and Commissioning concept design comissioning construction Seite 29
Blower Door Test n 50 limit defined by German standard DIN 4108 pressure difference: 50 Pa leakage ventilator Seite 30
Thermography for Quality Control of the Facade Seite 31
Summary adapt the building envelope to the climate plan compact buildings with low A/V ratio increase passive solar heat gains through windows with south orientation don t forget sun shading and passive cooling strategies, avoid HVAC thoroughly plan a thermal insulation and air tightness strategy pay attention to construction details (heat bridges, air leakage) teach the craftsmen and carry our construction site inspections check the building quality with blower door tests or thermography Seite 32
Thank you for your attention! Heat Pump Workshop: 23.6.2010 Seite 33