How Evolutions in Communications Networks and Fuel Cell Power Have Changed the Site Paradigm Darin Painter Copyright 2017, Plug Power Inc. April 20 th, 2017
Technology Evolution Fuel cell technology and solutions have evolved substantially since they were first used in telecom 12 years ago. The fuel cell communications market has grown to thousands of sites located in 46 U.S. States and dozens of other countries. Currently, every major domestic carrier and many rural carriers and first responders utilize fuel cells in their networks to provide backup power. Benefits of fuel cells you should know about: Economic Savings 1 Operational Simplicity 2 Sustainable Power 3 2
How Does a PEM Fuel Cell Work? Provides 100% rated power as long as it has fuel Run time determined by quantity of fuel storage (like a generator) Uses an electrolyte No moving parts Twice as efficient as fuel combustion The only outputs are DC power, warm-moist air, and a small amount of pure liquid water 3
PEM Fuel Cell Process Electrons from Hydrogen e - Electrical Load H 2 e - H + H + O 2 Oxygen Molecules Hydrogen Molecules H 2 e - H + H + e - H + O + H - H O Water molecules forming e - H + H + H Catalyst/Electrode Proton exchange membrane electrolyte Catalyst/Electrode 4
GenSure Basic Architecture GenSure E-Series DC POWER OUT/IN AIR INTAKE AIR EXHAUST H 2 O Out FRONT REAR H 2 INPUT 5
Site Power System Battery Meter AC Panel Utility Feed Fuel Cell Rectifier DC Bus Equipment Load Simple DC Bus Connection Connects on the Load Side of Meter Parallel to Battery and Rectifier Fuel Cell Dimensioned for Power Hydrogen Dimensioned for Energy Indoor or Outdoor Mounting Load Following Fault-Tolerant Efficiency and Power Reduction New technology in telecom gear More efficient power conversion Cooling solutions Simple maintenance and fewer site visits mean up to 84% lower operational costs when compared to combustion generators. Plug Power Confidential and Proprietary. 6
GenSure E-Series GenSure E-200 Fuel Cell 200W in a 2U 19 rack 12, 24, 36 or 48VDC Scalable to 600W in single enclosure GenSure E-1100 /1100v Fuel Cell 1,100W in a 4U 19 rack 1,100W vertical mount (E-1100v only) 24 or 48VDC Scalable to 4.4W in 40 Cabinet (E-1100 only) GenSure E-2500 Fuel Cell 2,500W in a 8U 23 rack 24 or 48VDC Scalable to 10kW in 72 Cabinet 7
E-Series Cabinet Configurations E-200 E-200 Fuel Cell 19/23 Indoor Rack E-1100 400W Enclosure with 55kWh H 2 Storage 600W Enclosure with 8kWh H 2 Storage E-1100 Fuel Cell 19/23 Indoor Rack E-2500 4.4kW Enclosure with 55kWh H 2 Storage 4.4kW Enclosure with 167kWh H 2 Storage in HSM9 E-2500 Fuel Cell 23 Indoor Rack 5kW Enclosure with 55kWh H 2 Storage 10kW Enclosure with 300kWh H 2 Storage in HSM16 Plug Power Confidential and Proprietary. 8
Typical Outdoor Installations Pad/Platform Mounting Cylinder Exchange or Refillable No Emissions 9
Typical Indoor Installations Shelter or Equipment Room Fuel Cell Indoor or Outdoor Fuel Storage Indoor: No external impact to site Outdoor : Simple Fueling & Maintenance Accessibility No Emissions 10
Economic Savings: A cost-saving, space- 1saving integrated power solution.
Integrated OSP Solution Drivers Capital Cost & TCO Lower capital expense for backup power equipment Reduced maintenance of fuel cell relative to combustion generators Reduced Footprint Lower ground space lease cost recurring expense Greater applicability to larger number of existing locations Speed to Deploy Permitting challenges increasing for combustion generators Simplified deployment Reduction of on-site backup power integration / expense Enhanced Intelligence Integrated SNMP monitoring / alarming Integrates w / IP based radio equipment Plug Power s Integrated solution equips telecommunications customers with a reliable single cabinet solution for their network power and communications equipment, providing customers with a reduction in capital and operational expenses at each site. 12
Integrated OSP Solution Power, Radio, Backhaul, MW, & SPD HSM-16 300 kw-hr Fuel Cell & Battery 7 day runtime @ 1.8 kw load Integrated Cabinet 2 Environments Upper Compartment: HEX Lower Compartment: Ventilated 13
Integrated OSP Solution Site Footprint Improvement Lower installation cost Lower ground space lease cost Simplified deployment Reduction of on-site backup power integration / expense 14
Integrated OSP Solution System Configuration: Network Hardening Reduced maintenance Hardened outdoor cabinets Temps from -40 o C to +50 o C / -40 o F to 122 o F Multiple options for a variety of power and runtime requirements Enhanced intelligence Remote Radio H2 Storage LTE Radio Fuel Cell Microwave DC Bus Data Comm Battery Telco/Lease Utility Feed Meter Disconnect AC Panel Rectifier HVAC Ancillary 15
2 Operational Simplicity for a Hardened Network
Remote Operations Capabilities Customer s Distributed Fuel Cell Network Secure M2M or encoded data transfer Fuel Service IP Network Fuel Cell #1 Fuel Cell #2 Customer NOC Fuel Cell #n Monitoring Active Fuel Level Monitoring Automated Fuel Service Options M2M via SNMP Active Alarm Monitoring Remote Testing Secure Data Transfer Options Connectivity Ethernet/IP Network USB Modem per Operator standards CDMA/GSM/GRPS Adaptors Local Display 17
GenFuel for Stationary Markets Complete Fuel Service Offering Complete support services Initial fueling Refueling Disaster recovery Preventive maintenance Live call center 24x7x365 All fuel logistics handled for customer Disaster recovery support Partnerships with service companies for delivery Agreements in place for fuel sourcing Leverage Plug Power assets where available Remote monitoring is available or Customer NOC dispatched Services offered driven by project commitment 18
Bulk Hydrogen Availability 19
Cylinder Supply & Delivery Large distribution infrastructure Thousands of locations nationally Proven technology Standards established for siting & delivery Capacity / run time dependent on: Number of Cylinders Cylinder Size Cylinder Pressure 197 Cu. ft 261 Cu. ft 60 Cylinder Sizes: Common Cylinder Sizes Size Capacity Weight Energy 6 x 33 80 cu-ft 65 lbs 3 kwh 9 x 56 9 x 60 197 cu-ft 261 cu-ft 125 lbs 140 lbs 7 kwh 9 kwh D.O.E. Hydrogen Safety On-Line Course: http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/firstresponders.html 20
GenFuel Cylinder-Exchange Coverage 3000+ branch industrial gas distribution locations Intermediate fuel storage locations can be established as needed for limited coverage areas Sample Industrial Gas Supplier Locations 21
Hydrogen Fuel Comparisons - Safety Hydrogen Properties Rapidly disperses -the lightest element Colorless, odorless, tasteless, & non-toxic Flammable from 4% -75% in air H Hydrogen car Gasoline car NFPA 2: This code provides fundamental safeguards for the generation, installation, storage, piping, use, and handling of hydrogen in compressed gas (GH2) form or cryogenic liquid (LH2) form The maximum temperature inside the back window of the hydrogen car was only 67 F! D.O.E. Hydrogen Safety On-Line Course: http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/firstresponders.html 22
Hydrogen Fuel Comparisons - Energy Per unit energy content of the fuel measured in Btu s 6 Cylinders of Hydrogen (1 Cylinder = 75,400 Btu) 3.5 Gallons of Diesel (1 Gallon = 128,450 Btu) 5.3 Gallons of Propane (1 gallon = 84,950 Btu) Hydrogen Volume Diesel Equivalent Gallons Propane Equivalent Gallons 1 Cylinder (260 Cubic Feet) 0.6 0.9 Fuel Wing (6 Cylinders) 3.5 5.3 HSM-16 Refillable Module 18.4 27.8 23
Backup Power Options Fuel Cells vs. Generators Fuel Cells - Fewer mechanical parts / increased availability Fuel Cells - Lower cost of ownership / reduced maintenance Fuel Cells - Hydrogen has unlimited shelf life / greater reliability Fuel Cells - Zero emission technology Fuel Cells - Lower incidence of theft Fuel Cells - Remote management capable 24
Sustainable Power Moving the Network 3into the Future -Today
Zero-Emission Power Feature Diesel Generator Plug Power GenSure fuel cells Overview Emissions Internal combustion diesel generators deliver medium quality electrical power by burning fossil fuel and using it to drive a rotation generator High levels of NOx, CO2, CO and particulate matter emitted. Fuel is toxic to environment when spilled. Fuel cells offer clean, continuous high quality electrical power resulting from an electrochemical reaction with hydrogen and oxygen from ambient air Clean heat and water are the only emissions Noise Exhaust and mechanical noise Silent, except for fan noise. Fuel cell noise tends to be 10-20db lower than diesel generator noise. 26
Conclusions
Conclusions Fuel cells offer a highly-reliable, clean, cost-effective solution for a growing number of telecom applications. Evolutions in these 3 areas are providing solid reasons for carriers and contractors to expand adoption of hydrogen and fuel cells. Economic Savings 1 Operational Simplicity 2 Sustainable Power 3 The world is moving join us and move boldly into the future. 28
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