I. Create an episode map on westward expansion

I. Create an episode map on westward expansion

A. What is a market?? What do people do at markets?? What is an example of a market?? What are some markets that we use frequently??

I. The Industrial Revolution was an effort to increase production by using machines rather instead of humans or animals. I The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1700s and soon made its way to America Steam engines soon replaced work done by men and animals

I. People began buying and selling goods instead of making them on their own I Surge in manufacturing (North and Northwest) A. Making products in factories More people participated in a larger market economy. A. Purchase things instead of making them B. Allow others to build, create things à then purchase them

I. Most people live in rural environments (mainly subsistence) farmers. Grow food & raise animals for self consumption. I Make other things like clothes, furniture, etc. IV. Made cash selling excess goods. V. Trade with neighbors for things they can t make (barter economy)

I. Artisan = skilled craftsman (blacksmith, cobbler, cooper, wheel maker, tailor, etc). Each product is crafted by hand A. Product is made entirely B. No individual parts all one piece C. Difficult & time consuming I Cottage Industry A. Products are made at home by women B. Companies send materials to homes, women sew products & send them back for commission

I. Specialization focusing on producing 1 or 2 products or crops Specialization lead to the Market Revolution A. People bought & sold goods rather than making them. I IV. Growth depended on free enterprise A. Economic system where private businesses control the means of production & earn profits Investors called Entrepreneurs A. Investors who risk their own money in new industries.

I. Causes: A. Improvements in Transportation B. Increased Industrialization C. Improvements in communications Results = Increased commercialization (more Americans involved in commercial market activity). Buying and selling more

I. Steamboats A. Robert Fulton invented the steamboat B. Travel upriver and downriver C. Shipping faster, easier and cheaper Canals (Erie) à NE & NW I. Canals are man-made rivers that assisted in the transportation of goods in the USA Connect places away from rives to rives, lakes or oceans

I. The invention and growth of Railroads allowed for overland transportation of products & people Railroads allowed the for products and people to be moved quickly over land A. Never possible before I 1830 = 13 miles of RR IV. 1860 = 31,000 miles of RR

I. Telegraph A. Samuel F.B. Morse I Instant communication A. Revolutionized the way people talk B. Communication available throughout entire nation Companies and consumers can speak instantly about products

I. Efficient transportation became essential. A. Moving products became as important as making products B. Manufacturers needed to be able to move products from factory to consumer Railroads offered the advantage of speed. I. Trains could operate in winter. Brought goods further inland. I Improved communication & transportation made America s regions interdependent.

I. South remain cash crop agricultural. A. Relied on tobacco, cotton, rice Northeast became a center for commerce. A. Relied on manufacturing to sustain the economy. I Midwest became agricultural. A. Relied on specialization of wheat, corn & cattle IV. All three regions of the USA began trading with one another thanks to transportation improvements

I. During the Market Revolution the American society will undergo significant change. A. Urbanization (Urban Growth) à more people moving to cities i. Americans can find work in factories B. Transportation Improvements à goods & people can move much faster i. Railroads, Steamboats, Roads (Turnpikes) & Canals C. Communication à people can communicate instantly i. Telegraph provides instant communication ii. Connects the American nation à North, South & West

I. Manufacturers needed cheap labor for factory work Competition forced factory owners to cut wages and working conditions began to deteriorate. A. Lower wages means more profits B. Cheaper prices means more sales C. All about maintaining profits I Factory owners begin to turn to immigrant labor (The Irish)

1 2 3 4 5 Explain how the Market Revolution changed the way items were obtained: Prior to the Market Revolution how were items made? What two places? Why was transportation important during the Market Revolution? Explain three advancements in transportation during the Market Revolution Discuss the change in communication during the Market Revolution:

I. From 1800-1850 the United States will expand rapidly A. Manifest Destiny, Land Acquisitions, Mex-Am War Industrial inventions will assist this expansion westward & the Market Revolution A. Inventions make expansion possible à without these inventions America cannot move west B. Inventions make the Market Revolution à without inventions machines cannot make products and move products

1 Complete the industrial inventions chart with a partner 2 Research the information and complete the chart using online resources or textbooks 3 You should not move to work with someone different

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat I. Robert Fulton invented the Steamboat making water travel much easier A. Travel both directions on the rivers à no man or animals needed B. Allowed products to be moved quickly throughout the nation

I. Provided fast land transportation People and products can be moved without water A. Fast & cheap shipping I Connected the American regions IV. Now north, south and west rely on one another

Eli Whitney s Cotton Gin, 1791 I. Made cotton production easier & faster A. Settlers can farm more land à specialization B. Increased number of slaves needed on southern plantations C. Industrial agriculture of cotton

Eli Whitney s Gun Factory I. Developed the idea of interchangeable parts A. Unskilled workers can build products B. Mass production of good begins for markets i. C. Need a lot of goods very fast à factories Increase of factory system à increased urbanization i. More Americans moving to cities

John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837) I. John Deere created the steel plow A. Made cultivation of western land possible B. Steel is much lighter & stronger C. Easier to cultivate rocky soil in western USA No steel plow à no westward expansion

Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831 I. McCormick invented the mechanical reaper A. Reaper used to harvest grain (breads, pastas) I Increased the productivity of the American farmer One famer could do the work of 5 men A. Industrial agriculture B. Less people needed to farm

Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 Telegraph I. Samuel Morse invented the telegraph A. Communication becomes instant B. Interconnection of north, south and west (they can all talk) C. Linked interior (western) USA with the east

Elias Howe & Isaac Singer 1840s Sewing Machine I. Elias Howe invented the sewing machine in 1846 Isaac Singer added the foot pedal I The sewing machine reduced the time it took to make clothes A. Textiles (clothes) became an important piece in American markets B. Northern manufactures made clothes from southern cotton i. North and south rely on each other for economic prosperity

I. Manufacturing became much easier during the Market Revolution A. Inventions & industrialization Manufactured items become cheaper due to easiness A. Lower prices meant that factory workers could purchase new items B. American economy skyrockets à more production, more consumption = more money

I. The Market Revolution led to specialization (focusing on one thing) in the three regions of the American economy I North, South and West will all focus on one economic means of wealth The market allows the regions to specialize then sell products in market

Regional Specialization North à Industrial Manufacturing SOUTH à Cotton, Tobacco & Slavery WEST à The Nation s Breadbasket (FOOD)