Environmental Product Declaration Korsnäs Liquid FC This is an Environmental Product Declaration of Korsnäs Liquid FC, registered in the International EPD System (www.environdec.com). The declaration has been developed based on the results of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the Product Category Rules for Processed paper and paperboard (PCR 3214). Information and data given in this EPD can be used as upstream data by a customer who will perform a new EPD within the system boundaries given in a related PCR. contact Agneta Rognli, Manager, Business Communication phone +46 (0)26 15 10 00 agneta.rognli@korsnas.com For further information visit www.korsnas.com
korsnäs AB Korsnäs AB is one of the world s leading producers of virgin fibre-based packaging material, primarily for consumer products. Production is conducted at the production sites in Gävle, Frövi and Rockhammar, all in Sweden. Production capacity amounts to 1.1 million tonnes of cartonboard and paper annually, with integrated pulp production. The range of products includes Liquid Packaging Board, Cartonboard, White Top Kraftliners and Sack- and Kraftpaper. The fibre content in Korsnäs packaging material is based on 100% renewable fibres. Korsnäs operations have an impact on the environment through forestry management, use of resources like energy, chemicals, water and air, and emissions to water and air. Korsnäs industrial operations are fully certified in accordance with ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 14001:2004, Quality and environment management FSC CoC/CW and PEFC CoC, FSC and PEFC Forest management SS 627750, Ed 1, Energy management BRC/IOP, Hygiene management declaration of contents clay coating for excellent printing results ECF- or tcf-bleached fibres for good printing results and smooth surface unbleached fibres in one layer or unbleached fibres and ctmp in two layers for stiffness and strength unbleached fibres for tensile strength Korsnäs Liquid FC Korsnäs Liquid FC is a coated packaging board (coated on the print side) made out of 100 % virgin fibre. Korsnäs Liquid FC is taint and odour neutral and does not transfer any taste or smell to the content. The board is stable, easy to hold and has a good printing surface for reproduction of the most demanding images. Korsnäs Liquid FC is tailor-made to customer needs and available in a broad range of specifications. Korsnäs Liquid FC is available in grammages between 200 gsm* and 328 gsm. Korsnäs Liquid FC is produced at the mills in Gävle and Frövi. *gsm = g/m 2 2
System boundaries The international EPD system is based on a hierarchic approach based on the international standards: ISO 9001, Quality management system ISO 14001, Environmental management system ISO 14044, LCA Requirements and guidelines ISO 14025, Type III environmental declarations The systems are divided into three life cycle phases: Upstream: Forestry, production of fertilisers, production of energy wares, production of chemicals, auxiliary products and other raw materials, production of transport packaging. Core: ation of all materials (including wood) to the core processes, production of pulp, production of paper and paperboard, cutting and packing of the products and treatment of waste generated from the production processes. Downstream: Distribution of the product and waste management of transport packaging. Upstream module Plans, energy wares, fertilisation Raw material Raw material Forestry Energy wares Other products and raw material packaging Core module Pulp, paper and board production, coating, cutting etc Waste management of production wastes Downstream module Average converter (not included) Waste management of transport packaging Use of final product (not included) Waste management of final product (not included) Data included data not included 3
Environmental Performance The environmental impact of three selected grammages representing a low, medium and high grammage within the product range are presented in the table below. The declared unit is one tonne (1000 kg) of the product delivered at the gate of an average converter/customer in Europe. As additional information, the environmental impact is stated also per 1000 m 2. The carbon footprint (greenhouse gas emissions over the life cycle) is presented in the following diagram as global warming potential 100 years (GWP100) in kg CO 2 equivalents per tonne product. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Korsnäs liquid FC 242 gsm kg CO 2 e/tonne 700 upstream 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Forestry raw materials energy packaging materials transports to mill board/paper mill distribution and waste transport packaging total core downstream total Environmental Impact Korsnäs LIQUID FC upstream Core downstream TotaL total Korsnäs Liquid FC 200 gsm kg/tonne kg/tonne kg/tonne kg/tonne kg/1000 m² Global warming CO 2 eq. 270 240 50 560 110 Acidification SO 2 eq. 1.8 2.0 0.10 3.9 0.78 Eutrophication PO 4 3- eq. 0.32 0.79 0.021 1.1 0.22 Ozone-depletion CFC-11 eq. 1.5E-05 3.4E-08 1.2E-06 1.7E-05 3.4E-06 Photochemical oxidant formation C 2 H 4 eq. 0.23 0.070 0.015 0.32 0.064 Korsnäs Liquid FC 242 gsm Global warming CO 2 eq. 260 240 50 560 140 Acidification SO 2 eq. 1.8 2.1 0.10 3.9 0.94 Eutrophication PO 4 3- eq. 0.33 0.8 0.021 1.2 0.29 Ozone-depletion CFC-11 eq. 1.5E-05 3.6E-08 1.2E-06 1.6E-05 3.9E-06 Photochemical oxidant formation C 2 H 4 eq. 0.23 0.071 0.015 0.31 0.075 Korsnäs Liquid FC 328 gsm Global warming CO 2 eq. 250 110 50 410 130 Acidification SO 2 eq. 1.3 0.95 0.11 2.3 0.75 Eutrophication PO 4 3- eq. 0.22 0.38 0.021 0.62 0.20 Ozone-depletion CFC-11 eq. 1.3E-05 2.6E-08 1.2E-06 1.4E-05 4.6E-06 Photochemical oxidant formation C 2 H 4 eq. 0.20 0.021 0.015 0.24 0.079 4
use of resources The following table presents the total resources used for production and distribution of three selected grammages representing a low, medium and high grammage within the product range. Additional information on the use of resources split into the upstream, core and downstream phases is available on request. Korsnäs korsnäs korsnäs Natural material resources, renewable Liquid FC 200 Liquid FC 242 Liquid FC 328 unit Biomass 3.9 4.0 3.3 m 3 s.u.b/tonne Natural material resources, non-renewable Inert rock 76 82 35 kg/tonne Limestone (calcium carbonate) 61 68 70 kg/tonne Kaolinite (24% in ore as mined) 56 26 35 kg/tonne Sodium chloride (rock salt) 30 29 36 kg/tonne Gravel 17 17 13 kg/tonne Natural Aggregate 9.7 9.6 11 kg/tonne Soil 14 15 9.6 kg/tonne Other 11 10 9.5 kg/tonne Energy resources, renewable Energy, biomass 4000 4100 5300 MJ/tonne Energy, hydropower 2100 2100 1500 MJ/tonne Energy resources, non-renewable Nuclear energy, Uranium 7000 7100 5600 MJ/tonne Crude oil 4700 4700 3500 MJ/tonne Natural gas 2100 2000 2300 MJ/tonne Hard coal 890 890 750 MJ/tonne Other 400 400 380 MJ/tonne *Other resources include the resources used in lower amounts than by 5% of the total. Other Indicators The electricity consumption and waste over the life cycle are specified in the tables below. korsnäs korsnäs korsnäs Indicator, input Liquid FC 200 Liquid FC 242 Liquid FC 328 unit Electricity consumption at manufacturing* 960 970 810 kwh/tonne Water use at manufacturing 95 95 50 m 3 /tonne Indicator, output Material subject for recycling 23 23 38 kg/tonne Hazardous waste 0.057 0.058 0.067 kg/tonne Other waste 220 230 170 kg/tonne *Electricity use is also presented as Energy resources above. 5
Additional Environmental Information: Potential Environmental gain Waste minimisation All Korsnäs products are based on virgin fibres with high strength properties enabling packaging weight to be reduced. Recyclability and recovery Korsnäs Liquid FC is recoverable through material recycling and energy recovery in accordance with the material requirements in EN 13430:2004 and EN 13431:2004. Waste handling All board and paper products produced by Korsnäs meet the targets specified in the EU s waste management hierarchy within the EU Waste Framework Directive (2006/12/EC) as well as the essential requirements of the EU Packaging Waste Directive 94/62/EC. Biodegradable Korsnäs products are based on pulp consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and some lignin which will be degraded by microorganisms in nature. The decomposition time required depends on several factors such as temperature, humidity, ph and microbiological activity. Uptake of carbon dioxide in growing forests Carbon stocks are increasing in Swedish forest ecosystems, mainly in the living biomass, due to the fact that the forest growth rate is higher than the harvest rate. The high growth rate is a result of efficient and sustainable forest management. The long-term forest management is to a large extent driven by the demand for round wood from the forest industry. The net sequestration (removal) of biogenic carbon dioxide is calculated based on the share of the net growth of the photosynthesis that is allocated to the board. Future scenarios for harvest rates in Sweden over the next 20 years conclude that the harvest rate will remain significantly lower than the growth rate. Note that that the system boundary settings used to calculate the net sequestration (removal) of biogenic carbon dioxide represent forest management and therefore differ from the product related boundary settings used elsewhere in the EPD. Korsnäs korsnäs korsnäs Liquid FC 200 Liquid FC 242 Liquid FC 328 Unit Net sequestration (removal) of biogenic CO 2 in forests -2700-2800 -2800 kg CO 2 e/tonne Detailed environmental information Below follows a list of detailed emission parameters, some of which are already accounted for in the environmental impacts presented above. More detailed information is available on request. korsnäs Liquid FC 200 korsnäs Liquid FC 242 korsnäs Liquid FC 328 Emissions to air* kg/tonne kg/tonne kg/tonne Carbon dioxide, CO 2 fossil 540 530 380 NOx as NO 2 3 3 2.1 Sulphur dioxide, SO 2 2.4 2.4 1.2 Emissions to water* COD 20 21 8.6 Phosphorus as P 0.024 0.025 0.0077 Nitrogen as N 0.44 0.46 0.22 Suspended solids 4.7 4.7 2.6 AOX 0.083 0.084 0.0025 korsnäs Liquid FC 200 korsnäs Liquid FC 242 korsnäs Liquid FC 328 Emissions to air * kg/1000 m 2 kg/1000 m 2 kg/1000 m 2 Carbon dioxide, CO 2 fossil 110 130 130 NOx as NO 2 0.6 0.72 0.68 Sulphur dioxide, SO 2 0.48 0.58 0.41 Emissions to water* COD 4.1 5 2.8 Phosphorus as P 0.0049 0.006 0.0025 Nitrogen as N 0.088 0.11 0.073 Suspended solids 0.95 1.1 0.85 AOX 0.017 0.02 0.00081 *The environmental impact of these emissions is already presented under environmental impact above. 6
Korsnäs climate programme Korsnäs is actively pursuing improvements to minimise the environmental impact. Through an extensive climate programme, Korsnäs has made and will continue to make major investments in resource optimisation in order to reduce the need for fossil fuels. Investments presently implemented or planned are: New evaporation plant in Gävle (2010) Exchange of fossil fuel in lime kiln to biofuel in Frövi (2010) Increase cooperation with the municipality of Lindesberg for local heating (2011) A joint venture with Gävle municipality for a new bioenergy plant to provide district heating (2012) References Eriksson, E, Karlsson, P-E, Hallberg, L, Jelse, K, Carbon Footprints of Cartons in Europe Carbon Footprint Methodology and biogenic carbon sequestration, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, B1924, 2010 Jelse K. & Palm D., 2010, Life cycle assessment of Korsnäs virgin fibre-based packaging materials. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute definitions Upstream processes Forestry and production of raw materials and chemicals. Core processes Production at the board and paper mill including transportation of all materials (including wood) to the mill. Downstream processes Distribution of the product to an average customer in Frankfurt and waste management of transport packaging. Global warming potential Global warming is caused by increases in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other Greenhouse gases that absorb and reflect heat. The global warming potential (GWP) is declared as CO 2 equivalents. Acidification Decrease of the ph value in terrestrial and water systems. Photochemical oxidant formation Hydrocarbons and volatile organic carbons (VOCs) contribute to ground level ozone formation, which has toxic effects on humans and vegetation. Hazardous waste Wastes such as sludge, mud, chemical waste, used oil, soot and radioactive waste from the production of nuclear power are classified as hazardous. PCR Product Category Rules specify Environmental Product Declaration requirements for a specified sector or product category, see www.environdec.com Water use The total amount of water used for cooling and the production process at the board and paper mill. Net sequestration of biogenic CO2 in forests In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is removed and stored in the growing biomass. In Sweden, the forest growth rate is higher than the harvest rate, and the net removal of CO 2 from the atmosphere is here allocated to the harvested timber. The high growth rate is a result of efficient and sustainable forest management. verifications EPD Programme: The International EPD System Note: EPDs from different programs may not be comparable Registration no: S-P-00248 Date of publication: 2011-03-15 Validity: 2013-12-31 Valid within the following geographical area: Europe Data reference year: Production of pulp and paper/ board 2008 Production of CTMP 2009 PCR review conducted by: The technical committee of the International EPD System, PCR moderator: Kristian Jelse PCR: Product category rules for processed paper and paperboard (CPC 3214), Version 2010-07-07, Swedish Environmental Management Council. Independent verification of the data, according to ISO14025: 2010-12-07 Accredited or approved by: Det Norske Veritas (DNV) For more information: www.environdec.com Eutrophication Eutrophication is the disturbance of the nutritional balance in the soil and waters due to an added amount of nutrition. In aquatic systems, this leads to increased production of biomass, which may lead to oxygen deficiency and fewer living organisms. Ozone depletion Substances such as freon that deplete the protective ozone layer in the stratosphere. 7
Korsnäs AB SE-801 81 Gävle Sweden www.korsnas.com 1205en