Energy Audit Baseline & Economic Analysis Mr. Jirayut Charoenchatchai Manager,Energy Efficiency Div. Bright Management Consulting Co.,Ltd. Page 1
Content Energy Audit Approach Criteria for Data Collection as Baseline Energy Example of Energy Conservation Measures Economic Analysis Page 2
Energy Audit Approach Page 3
An energy audit is the key to a systematic approach to decision-making in the area of energy management. The primary function of an energy audit is to identify all of the energy streams in a facility in order to balance total energy input with energy use. The four main objectives of an energy audit are as follows: To establish an energy consumption baseline; To quantify energy usage according to its discrete functions; To benchmark with similar facilities under similar weather conditions; and To identify existing energy cost reduction opportunities. (Source : www.energyadvantage.com) Page 4
ASHRAE Level 1 Walk-Through Analysis/Preliminary Audit ASHRAE Level 2 Energy Survey and Analysis ASHRAE Level 3 Detailed Analysis of Capital Intensive Modifications Level 1 Level 2 Brief on-site survey of the building Savings and cost analysis of low-cost/no-cost Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Identification of potential capital improvements meriting further consideration More detailed building survey Breakdown of energy use Savings and cost analysis of all ECMs Identification of ECMs requiring more thorough data collection and analysis (Level 3) Level 3 Attention to capital-intensive projects identified during the Level 2 audit More detailed field analysis More rigorous engineering analysis Cost and savings calculations with a high level of accuracy Page 5
(Source : www.energy.gov) Page 6
Energy Audit Approach Step 1 : Historical Data Review Step 2 : Quick check of energy index vs standard/benchmarking Step 3 : Explore energy breakdown by major system Step 4 : Walk-through survey to identify energy conservation measures (ECMs) Step 5 : Calculate potential ECMs Step 6 : Recommend next actions Detailed energy audit/ Investment Grade Audit? Implementation? Page 10
Energy Audit Approach Step 1 : Historical Data Review Step 2 : Quick check of energy index e.g. Baht/MJ, MJ/ton of production, Load factors Step 3 : Explore energy breakdown by major system Step 4 : Walk-through survey to identify energy conservation measures (ECMs) Step 5 : Calculate potential ECMs Step 6 : Recommend next actions Detailed energy audit? Implementation? Page 11
Energy Audit Approach Step 1 : Historical Data Review Step 2 : Quick check of energy index vs standard/benchmarking e.g. Baht/MJ, MJ/ton of production, Load factors etc. Step 3 : Explore energy breakdown by major system Step 4 : Walk-through survey to identify energy conservation measures (ECMs) Step 5 : Calculate potential ECMs Step 6 : Recommend next actions Detailed energy audit? Implementation? Page 12
Energy Audit Approach Step 1 : Historical Data Review Step 2 : Quick check of energy index vs standard/benchmarking e.g. Baht/MJ, MJ/ton of production, Load factors etc. Step 3 : Explore energy breakdown by major system Step 4 : Walk-through survey to identify energy conservation measures (ECMs) Step 5 : Calculate potential ECMs Step 6 : Recommend next actions Detailed energy audit? Implementation? Page 13
Energy Audit Approach Step 1 : Historical Data Review Step 2 : Quick check of energy index e.g. Baht/MJ, MJ/ton of production, Load factors Step 3 : Explore energy breakdown by major system Step 4 : Walk-through survey to identify energy conservation measures (ECMs) Step 5 : Calculate potential ECMs Step 6 : Recommend next actions Detailed energy audit? Implementation? Page 14
Energy Audit Approach Site Energy Flows Page 15
Energy Audit Approach Building Energy Flows Page 16
Energy Audit Approach Step 1 : Historical Data Review Step 2 : Quick check of energy index e.g. Baht/MJ, MJ/ton of production, Load factors Step 3 : Explore energy breakdown by major system Step 4 : Walk-through survey to identify energy conservation measures (ECMs) Step 5 : Calculate potential ECMs Step 6 : Recommend next actions Detailed energy audit? Implementation? Page 17
Energy Audit Approach Step 1 : Historical Data Review Step 2 : Quick check of energy index e.g. Baht/MJ, MJ/ton of production, Load factors Step 3 : Explore energy breakdown by major system Step 4 : Walk-through survey to identify energy conservation measures (ECMs) Step 5 : Calculate potential ECMs Step 6 : Recommend next actions Detailed energy audit? Implementation? Page 18
Energy Audit Approach Page 19
Energy Audit Approach Step 1 : Historical Data Review Step 2 : Quick check of energy index e.g. Baht/MJ, MJ/ton of production, Load factors Step 3 : Explore energy breakdown by major system Step 4 : Walk-through survey to identify energy conservation measures (ECMs) Step 5 : Calculate potential ECMs Step 6 : Recommend next actions Detailed energy audit? Implementation? Page 20
Energy Audit Approach Energy Balance, Mass Balance In = Out + Losses Page 21
Energy Audit Approach Step 1 : Historical Data Review Step 2 : Quick check of energy index e.g. Baht/MJ, MJ/ton of production, Load factors Step 3 : Explore energy breakdown by major system Step 4 : Walk-through survey to identify energy conservation measures (ECMs) Step 5 : Calculate potential ECMs Step 6 : Recommend next actions Detailed energy audit? Implementation? Page 22
Energy Audit Approach General industries Estimated energy saving (%) Using high-efficiency motor 2-5% Variable Speed Drive adjustment (VSD) 30-50% Boiler Economizer Measure 1-5% Waste heat recovery of air compressor 80% High-efficiency air compressors 5-20% High-efficiency boilers 10-15% Insulation 20-30% Food/steel/paper/non-metal industries Estimated energy saving (%) Usings Heat Exchanger/Regenerator/ 10-50% Recuperator/Recuperative Burner/Regenerative Burner/Waste Heat Boiler Installation of cogeneration system 30-40% Calculated by using Rules of thumb? % saving refer from Case studies? Neglected error from Estimation of energy parameters? Page 23
Energy Audit Approach Step 1 : Historical Data Review Step 2 : Quick check of energy index e.g. Baht/MJ, MJ/ton of production, Load factors Step 3 : Explore energy breakdown by major system Step 4 : Walk-through survey to identify energy conservation measures (ECMs) Step 5 : Calculate potential ECMs Step 6 : Recommend next actions Detailed energy audit / Investment Grade Audit? Implementation? Energy Management? Page 24
Criteria for Data Collection as Baseline Energy Page 25
Criteria for Data Collection as Baseline Energy Energy Usage profiles / Load profiles Operating hours Performance vs load Page 26
Criteria for Data Collection as Baseline Energy Page 27
Criteria for Data Collection as Baseline Energy Page 28
Example of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Page 29
Example of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Inefficiency & Waste? Page 30
Example of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) (Source : Procedures for commercial building energy audit (2 nd Edition),www.ashrae.org) Page 31
Example of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Inefficiency & Waste? Page 32
Example of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Inefficiency & Waste? (Source : Procedures for commercial building energy audit (2 nd Edition),www.ashrae.org) Page 33
Example of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Inefficiency & Waste? (Source : Procedures for commercial building energy audit (2 nd Edition),www.ashrae.org) Page 34
Example of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Inefficiency & Waste? (Source : Procedures for commercial building energy audit (2 nd Edition),www.ashrae.org) Page 35
Example of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Analyzed energy saving potential Annual Energy and Cost Savings Payback with Incentive Measure Number EEM-1 EEM-2 EEM-3 EEM-4 EEM-5 EEM-6 EEM-7 EEM-8 Measure Description Replace Incandescent Lamps with CFLs Reduce Pressure Setting on Pneumatic Compressor Install VFD on Tenant Condenser Loop Pump to Reduce Flow Install VFD and Implement Demand- Controlled Ventilation for AHU-1 Install CO Sensors and VFD to Control Garage Exhaust Fan Add Hot-Water Resets Control and Install Condensing Boiler Replace Garage HPS Fixtures with LED Fixtures with Integrated Motion Sensor Repair Economizers on All Air Handlers Peak Demand Savings (kw) Electricity Savings (kwh) Gas/Fuel Savings (therms) Total Cost Savings Measure Cost Potential Utility Incentive 7.6 15,245 - $ 1,906 $ 1,875 $ 545-2,312 - $ 206 $ - $ - 19.0 163,872 - $ 25,188 $ 17,386 $ 13,110-12,448 423 $ 2,290 $ 11,136 $ 1,418 18.8 48,948 - $ 8,811 $ 25,616 $ 3,916-44,838 17,203 $ 25,274 $ 102,511 $ 20,790 6.8 29,854 - $ 4,114 $ 29,598 $ 2,174 5.0 22,342 - $ 2,904 $ 12,864 $ 2,511 Measure Life (years) 3 3 10 10 10 20 15 5 Net Measure Cost IRR (over Life of Measure) NPV* Simple Payback (yr) $ 1,330 132% $ 3,958 0.7 $ - N/A $ 571 - $ 4,276 589% $ 200,021 0.2 $ 9,718 20% $ 8,855 4.2 $ 21,700 39% $ 49,762 2.5 $ 81,721 31% $ 261,758 3.2 $ 27,423 12% $ 18,316 6.7 $ 10,354 12% $ 2,577 3.6 Page 36
Example of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Q : Are there any ECMs missing.? A : Yes, there is ECM need to be considered during machine being moved or replaced Page 48
Example of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Page 49
Example of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Page 50
Example of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Page 51
Economic Analysis Page 52
Economic Analysis Simple Payback Period (SPP) Net Present Value (NPV) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Saving to Investment Ratio (SIR) Total Life Cycle Cost (TLCC) Detailed Cost Analysis to ensure valid economic analysis e.g. installation cost, O&M cost, re-investment cost etc. Page 53
Economic Analysis Matrix of Evaluation Criteria Selection: Page 54
Economic Analysis Level of Efficiency (1) Efficiency (2) Initial Cost ($) (3) Annual kwh (4) (5) Annual ($) Energy Cost Life ($) -PV (6) Total Life Cycle Cost ($)-PV (7) Net Savings ($) (8) Payback Period (9) SIR 70% (Existing) 0 9,602 768 15,041 15,041 0 n/a n/a 75% 300 7,455 596 11,678 11,978 3,063 0.5 11.21 80% 450 7,055 564 11,051 11,501 3,540 0.7 8.87 85% 650 6,804 544 10,658 11,308 3,733 1.2 6.74 90% 800 6,703 536 10,500 11,300 3,741 1.5 5.78 95% 1,000 6,628 530 10,382 11,382 3,658 1.8 4.66 Page 55
Conclusion Page 56
Resources Precedures for Commercial Building Energy Audit http:///www/ashrae.org Energy audit guide http://www.cres.gr/kape/education/i_guide_a_uk.pdf A guide to Energy Audit, USDOE http://www.energy.gov Page 57
Q&A Thank you for your attention Page 58