Jordan River Total Maximum Daily Load Study. Presented By: James Harris Utah Division of Water Quality

Jordan River Total Maximum Daily Load Study Presented By: James Harris Utah Division of Water Quality

Jordan River Watershed TMDL Study Area No Introduction Necessary

A Few Things to Point Out... Lower River - Flood Control Several Wastewater Sources Several Major Diversions Utah Lake

TMDL Process Water Quality Standards 1. Waterbody Definition 2. Designated Beneficial Uses 3. Water Quality Criteria Indicators (Total Phosphorus) Routine Monitoring 303(d) List Waterbodies Requiring Development of TMDLs

TMDL Components TMDL = WLA + LA + MOS WLA = Waste Load Allocation (Point Sources) LA = Load Allocation (Nonpoint Sources) MOS = Margin of Safety Source Identification Load Reductions Implementation Strategy

Impaired Uses Beneficial Use Coldwater Fishery Warmwater Fishery Recreation Agriculture Parameter of Concern Temperature Dissolved Oxygen E. coli Dissolved Solids

Impaired Segments Parameters of Concern Impaired Segments Dissolved Oxygen 1, 2 Temperature 5, 6, 7 TDS 1, 5, 6, 7, 8 E. coli 2, 3, 5

Impaired Segments Parameters of Concern Impaired Segments Dissolved Oxygen 1, 2 Temperature 5, 6, 7 TDS 1, 5, 6, 7, 8 E. coli 2, 3, 5

Impaired Segments Parameters of Concern Impaired Segments Dissolved Oxygen 1, 2 Temperature 5, 6, 7 TDS 1, 5, 6, 7, 8 E. coli 2, 3, 5

Impaired Segments Parameters of Concern Impaired Segments Dissolved Oxygen 1, 2 Temperature 5, 6, 7 TDS 1, 5, 6, 7, 8 E. coli 2, 3, 5

Stream Load Calculations Load (mass/time) = Flow (cfs) x Concentration (mg/l) x conversion factor Monthly loads calculated where possible to allow definition of seasonal loading patterns. Annual loads defined as sum of monthly loads and incorporates seasonal variation. USGS continuous flow records were paired with DWQ monitoring at data rich sites.

Pollutant Source Calculations Utah Lake Tributary Streams Some streams not considered due to limited flow, diversions to irrigation systems Permitted discharge Central Valley WRF, South Valley WRF, South Davis WWTP.

Pollutant Load Calculations Stormwater Stormwater catchments- Salt Lake and Utah counties, none in Davis County. Direct surface runoff Areas outside of stormwater catchment that drain to Jordan River. Groundwater Flow based on USGS Salt Lake Valley model (Lambert 1995) WQ data from all wells within 2 miles of Jordan River.

Davis Co. - North Temple - 2100 South - 6400 South - 7800 South - Bluffdale Rd. Narrows - Utah Lake - TDS (mg/l) JR-1 JR-2 JR-3 JR-4 JR-5 JR-6 JR-7 JR-8 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 State Canal 800 600 Mill Creek BCC LCC 400 200 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Jordan River Mile 1999-2000 2004-2005 Long Term (1995-2005)

TDS (kg/yr) Jordan River TDS Loads 650,000,000 550,000,000 450,000,000 350,000,000 250,000,000 150,000,000 Mainstem 50,000,000-50,000,000-150,000,000-250,000,000-350,000,000 State Canal South Davis Cudahy Lane City 1300 S Conduit 1700 S Surplus Canal 2100 S Mill Central Valley 3300 S BCC LCC 5400 S S Valley 7800 S N Jordan Canal Bluffdale S Jordan Canal Jordan and SL Canal Narrows Utah Lake Dist. Canal Utah and SL Canal E Jordan Canal Utah Lake Tributary Canal WWTP -450,000,000-550,000,000 Station

Jordan River annual TDS loading (1995-2005) Stormwater 0.3% Direct Runoff 0.1% Tributaries 8.6% Utah Lake 51.9% 956 million kg/yr Groundwater 28.7% POTWs 10.3%

Davis Co. - North Temple - 2100 South - 6400 South - 7800 South - Bluffdale Rd. Narrows - Utah Lake - Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l). JR-1 JR-2 JR-3 JR-4 JR-5 JR-6 JR-7 JR-8 14 12 10 BCC 8 S. Davis WWTP Mill Creek LCC South Valley WWTP 6 4 State Canal Class 3B Criteria = 5.5 mg/l Central Valley WWTP Class 3A Criteria = 6.5 mg/l 2 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Jordan River Mile 1999-2000 2004-2005 Criteria Long Term (1995-2005) Jordan River Dissolved Oxygen 1999-2000 2004-2005 Long Term (1995-2005) Criteria Mean n % Exceed Mean n % Exceed Mean n % Exceed Cudahy Lane 5.5 6.4 18 27.8 6.3 28 39.3 6.9 99 19.2 Redwood Road 5.5 na na na 5.4 15 33.3 na 0 na North Temple 5.5 na na na 5.7 21 61.9 5.7 24 54.2

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) Jordan River Diurnal DO below 2100 South (segments 1-3) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 Jordan River Diurnal Dissolved Oxygen June 2006 11.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 Jordan River Diurnal Dissolved Oxygen August 2006 19-Jun 20-Jun 21-Jun 22-Jun 23-Jun 8-Aug 9-Aug 10-Aug 11-Aug Cudahy 500 N 1700 S Jordan River Diurnal Dissolved Oxygen October 2006 Burnham Cudahy 500 N 1700 S 12.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 7-Oct 8-Oct 9-Oct 10-Oct 11-Oct 12-Oct Burnham Cudahy 500 N 1700 S Jordan River TMDL DO Linkage

What is Causing Low DO? Linkage Analysis Algae / Eutrophication Biological Oxygen Demand Sediment Oxygen Demand Physical Characteristics Water Management

Impairment (reason for 303d listing) Potential Causes (factors that potentially account for impairment Indicators (variables that suggest cause of impairment) Drivers (factors that would likely underlie a cause of impairment) Solutions (potential management measures) Reduce loading from sources, according to N:P ratio Nitrogen loading Phosphorus loading Reduce loading from sources Discharge from POTWs Organic loading during storms Spring flush High BOD Basic ph Bacterial consumption of O 2 High SOD High chlorophyll a Algal consumption of O 2 Low DO Oxidation of decomposed organic matter High organic content of sediments Strong diurnal variance in DO High density of benthic macros Low mixing rates between water and air Frequent resuspension Water Depth Low velocity Stream Channel Channel with shallow, uniform gradient Management of Utah Lake, Surplus Canal Irrigation diversions Install channel structures to increase mixing Optimize flow from Utah Lake, Surplus Canal Reduce irrigation diversion Increase channel roughness Organic matter availability Temperature Reduce organic matter loading Reduce loading of organic soils Manage flows to minimize resuspension and temperature Reduce surface area (improve/deepen channel)

Impairment (reason for 303d listing) Potential Causes (factors that potentially account for impairment Indicators (variables that suggest cause of impairment) Drivers (factors that would likely underlie a cause of impairment) Solutions (potential management measures) Reduce loading from sources, according to N:P ratio Nitrogen loading Phosphorus loading Reduce loading from sources Discharge from POTWs Organic loading during storms Spring flush High BOD Basic ph Bacterial consumption of O 2 High SOD High chlorophyll a Algal consumption of O 2 Low DO Oxidation of decomposed organic matter High organic content of sediments Strong diurnal variance in DO High density of benthic macros Low mixing rates between water and air Frequent resuspension Water Depth Low velocity Stream Channel Channel with shallow, uniform gradient Management of Utah Lake, Surplus Canal Irrigation diversions Install channel structures to increase mixing Optimize flow from Utah Lake, Surplus Canal Reduce irrigation diversion Increase channel roughness Organic matter availability Temperature Reduce organic matter loading Reduce loading of organic soils Manage flows to minimize resuspension and temperature Reduce surface area (improve/deepen channel)

Impairment (reason for 303d listing) Potential Causes (factors that potentially account for impairment Indicators (variables that suggest cause of impairment) Drivers (factors that would likely underlie a cause of impairment) Solutions (potential management measures) Reduce loading from sources, according to N:P ratio Nitrogen loading Phosphorus loading Reduce loading from sources Discharge from POTWs Organic loading during storms Spring flush High BOD Basic ph Bacterial consumption of O 2 High SOD High chlorophyll a Algal consumption of O 2 Low DO Oxidation of decomposed organic matter High organic content of sediments Strong diurnal variance in DO High density of benthic macros Low mixing rates between water and air Frequent resuspension Water Depth Low velocity Stream Channel Channel with shallow, uniform gradient Management of Utah Lake, Surplus Canal Irrigation diversions Install channel structures to increase mixing Optimize flow from Utah Lake, Surplus Canal Reduce irrigation diversion Increase channel roughness Organic matter availability Temperature Reduce organic matter loading Reduce loading of organic soils Manage flows to minimize resuspension and temperature Reduce surface area (improve/deepen channel)

Impairment (reason for 303d listing) Potential Causes (factors that potentially account for impairment Indicators (variables that suggest cause of impairment) Drivers (factors that would likely underlie a cause of impairment) Solutions (potential management measures) Reduce loading from sources, according to N:P ratio Nitrogen loading Phosphorus loading Reduce loading from sources Discharge from POTWs Organic loading during storms Spring flush High BOD Basic ph Bacterial consumption of O 2 High SOD High chlorophyll a Algal consumption of O 2 Low DO Oxidation of decomposed organic matter High organic content of sediments Strong diurnal variance in DO High density of benthic macros Low mixing rates between water and air Frequent resuspension Water Depth Low velocity Stream Channel Channel with shallow, uniform gradient Management of Utah Lake, Surplus Canal Irrigation diversions Install channel structures to increase mixing Optimize flow from Utah Lake, Surplus Canal Reduce irrigation diversion Increase channel roughness Organic matter availability Temperature Reduce organic matter loading Reduce loading of organic soils Manage flows to minimize resuspension and temperature Reduce surface area (improve/deepen channel)

Davis Co. - North Temple - 2100 South - 6400 South - 7800 South - Bluffdale Rd. Narrows - Utah Lake - Total Phosphorus (mg/l). JR-1 JR-2 JR-3 JR-4 JR-5 JR-6 JR-7 JR-8 10.00 S. Davis WWTP Central Valley WRF South Valley WRF 1.00 State Canal BCC 0.10 Total P Indicator = 0.05 mg/l Mill Creek LCC 0.01 0 10 20 30 40 50 Jordan River Mile 1999-2000 2004-2005 Long Term (1995-2005) Indicator Value Figure 16. Mean concentrations of Total P measured at intensive monitoring locations on the Jordan River. The plot background indicates relative positions of Jordan River segments 1 (JR-1) through 8 (JR-8) with respect to monitoring locations.

TP (kg/yr) Jordan River TP Loads 800000 600000 400000 200000 Mainstem Tributary Canal 0 WWTP -200000 State Canal South Davis Cudahy Lane City 1300 S Conduit 1700 S Surplus Canal 2100 S Mill Central Valley 3300 S BCC LCC 5400 S S Valley 7800 S N Jordan Canal Bluffdale S Jordan Canal Jordan and SL Canal Narrows Utah Lake Dist. Canal Utah and SL Canal E Jordan Canal Utah Lake -400000-600000 Station

Jordan River mean Total P loading (1995-2005) Direct Runoff Stormwater 1% 2% Tributaries Utah Lake 3% 9% Groundwater 6% Annual Pollutant Loads (kg/yr) to Jordan River Jordan River mean Total Ammonia loading (1995-2005) 472,000 kg/yr POTWs 79% Utah Lake 21% Stormwater 3% Direct Runoff 194,000 kg/yr 2% Tributaries 3% Groundwater 1% POTWs 70%

TMDL Status Data Evaluation Report Source Identification Revised Deadline April 2010 Continued Data Collection QUAL2K Model Development

Model Development Why a model? Tool for TMDL Development Integrating Data Complex Interactions Tool for Management Scenerios WLAs

QUAL2K One dimensional. The channel is well-mixed vertically and laterally. Steady state hydraulics. Steady flow is simulated. Diurnal heat budget and diurnal water-quality kinetics. Heat and mass inputs. Point and non-point loads and abstractions are simulated.

QUAL2K Utilizes Previous Flood Control Models Quarterly Seasonal Data Collection Calibration and Validation

Model Inputs Seasonal Synoptic Data Nutrients Sediment Biological Oxygen Demand Continuous Collection of DO, ph, Temp

Additional Model Needs Sediment Oxygen Demand Benthic Periphyton Travel Time Re-aeration Rates Stream Shading

Additional Information Limiting Factor to Algae Production Light / Habitat Nitrogen Phosphorus E. coli / Microbial Source Tracking

What s Next? Special Studies Collaboration with POTW s SRF Funding Dr. Ramesh Goel, U of U Cost of POTW upgrades 40 facilities (Wasatch Front and Back) 3 Treatment Levels (1.0, 0.5 and 0.1 mg/l TP)

Questions? James Harris Division of Water Quality Phone : 801-538-6825 Email: jamesharris@utah.gov