SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS IN ASIA: Existing Tools & Initiatives, Financial Tools and Activities at Regional and National Level 10 Year Framework of Programmes on SCP A Regional Roadmap for the 10YFP November 7-8th, 2013 Bangkok, Thailand Dr. K. K. Singh Indian Council of Agricultural Research Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India
FOOD INSECURITY IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Despite remarkable success in reducing poverty, the Asia-Pacific region still suffers from high levels of food insecurity. Millions of people are food insecure and children are dying every day from malnutrition. But these food insecure people are rarely visible.
Towards a sustainable development path for agriculture and food systems Management of population growth, food losses and waste will be important for reducing the pressure on agricultural land, water and natural ecosystems in order to increase agricultural productivity. Priority areas: Reducing food losses and waste and shifting to healthier diets Producing more foods through sustainable agricultural intensification Climate resilient agriculture
What is Sustainable Agriculture Sustainable agriculture implies an integrated system of plant and animal production practices which over the long term: o Satisfies human needs for food and fibre; o Enhances environmental quality and the natural resource base; o Uses non-renewable resources and on-farm resources efficiently; o Integrates natural biological cycles and controls; o Sustains the economic viability of farm operations; o Enhances the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole.
Ten Dimensions for Adaptation in India Livelihood Diversification Improved Crop Seeds, Livestock & Fish Culture Water Use Efficiency Research &Development Technology and Practices Access to Information AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY Pest Management Infrastructure Markets Improved farm Practices Capacity Building Credit Support Agricultural Insurance Nutrient Management Four Functional Areas The Ten Dimensions
Issues in the region Stagnation of Agricultural growth in recent years, with a serious decline in agricultural investment, and depletion and degradation of natural resources in the face of continued population growth. No revolutionary technologies on the horizon that can rapidly and sustainably revamp agriculture. Outward migration, especially of the young generation Impact of climate change on agriculture in many ways, particularly in areas vulnerable to natural disaster. Improvement in the mobility of people, goods and services that created employment opportunities but caused risk of trans-boundary plant pests and animal diseases.
Challenges (data of India) Need for more food: 310 Million Tonnes of Foodgrains in 2050 Stagnating net sown area: 140±2 mha since 1970 Land share under fallow: 38% increase since 1951 Per Capita land availability: from 0.91 ha in 1951 to 0.32 ha in 2001 and to 0.19 ha is projected by 2050 Per capita net sown area: 0.33 ha in 1951 to 0.14 ha in 2001
FOOD LOSSES and FOOD WASTE
Stages of Food Losses in Supply Chain Harvesting Collection Threshing Cleaning and grading Handling and Packaging Transportation Storage Retailer level
Reasons of Food Losses Lack of technological support Poor awareness among rural masses Lack of facilities and infrastructures Lack of government policy support Lack of processing facilities in the production catchments Sudden glut of certain commodities Natural calamities
Approach to Minimize Food Losses Study on estimation and reasons of losses Provide technological backstopping Organization of roundtables, workshops, seminars and conferences at regional and nations levels (policy makers, civil society, NGOs, private sectors, farmers, etc.) Government policy support Addressing Production to Consumption Value Chain
Approach to..cont. Creation of awareness among farmers and training Creation of infrastructures and facilities for processing in the production catchments Creation of storage and transportation in supply chain facilities Improvement in supply chain management Financial tools and initiatives (government support, Public Private Partnership, Bank support, Private sectors, etc)
Existing Tools to Minimize Food Losses in India Technology Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture in North-East States of Sikkim National Horticulture Mission National Horticulture Board Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperation - Rural Storage Scheme (Gramin Bhandaran Yojana) to support rural storage - Central Sector Scheme to develop infrastructure, e-trading, market intelligence, mobile infrastructure for post harvest operations
Food Waste Some of the major sources of food wastage: - Marriage parties - Hotels and restaurants - University/college mess and canteens - Domestic level Major Reasons of wastages: - Poor estimation of people attending the party - Food choices & habits - Quantity planning - Unawareness of its impact
Some of the Tips to Minimize Food Waste Raising awareness through mass media and other channels Campaign in schools Reduce food waste in kitchen Reduce plate waste Supplying leftovers to needy people Experiences of India - Annakshetra Foundation in 2010 in Jaipur developed network of 500 hotels, marriage halls and other association - Collects, stores, checks for quality and finally distribute to poor, slums, or orphanages - Model to be replicated in Delhi, Mumbai and Vadodara
Efforts in India Eight National Missions on Climate Change: National Solar Mission National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency National Mission on Sustainable Habitat National Water Mission National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem National Mission for Green India National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture National Mission on Strategic Knowledge on Climate Change Other Missions: National Mission on Oilseeds, Pulses and Maize National Horticulture Mission National Dairy Mission, etc.
ENABLING TOOLS
Existing Tools/Initiatives Round table (Examples of three African countries) National/regional seminars/workshops/meets (Farm Innovators Meet-2010, Outscaling Farm Innovation, KVK-Farm Science Centre Conferences) Mass media Mobile phone (SMS messages) e-portal for farmers e-choupal Web page Electronic media (TV & radio) Toll-free help line
Financial Instruments at Global and Regional Level World Bank (supported for empowerment and poverty reduction, management of watershed, sustainable growth & poverty reduction projects to India) Asian Development Bank - aims for Asia and Pacific free from poverty - helps to build economic and social growth - funds activities through loans at low interest rates)
Financial Instruments at National Level National Banks for Loan in Agriculture (National Bank for Rural Development, Cooperative Bank) Government Schemes for soft loans or subsidy (Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Food Processing Industries) Government Supported Boards (NDDB, NHB FDB, etc.) Agricultural & Processed Food Products Export Development Authority Warehouse Development Regulation Authority Public-Private Partnership Custom Hiring Services for Agricultural Equipment
National and Regional Activities National Level Task Force Exchange of Farmers in Asian Countries South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation in Agriculture
National Activities in India Technological backstopping: - Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture - National Initiatives on Climate Resilient Agriculture - National Innovation Projects (four components) Policy support: -Agriculture Technology Management Agency for for sustainable development in the district - Farm Science Centres (KVKs) 630 nos. - National Agriculture Development Scheme (RKVY)
Cont. - National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture - Task Force on Secondary Agriculture - Promotion of Custom Hiring Services - Contract Farming
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
Some of the Experiences and Success Stories of Sustainable Livelihood Programmes in Backward Areas of India
RECOMMENDED LIVELIHOOD MODEL RICE+FISH+POULTRY FARMING SYSTEM Transplanted in 5 cents (200 m 2 ) Cage size - 6' x 4' x 3 ' Wire mesh bottom No. of birds - 20 @ 1000 birds ha -1 (1 bird/10 m 2 of rice) Installation - Four concrete posts 8 ' high, 4 ' inside the field and 4 ' above the field Trench size - 20 m 2 (20 x 1 x 1 m) Fingerlings - 100 (Roghu, Mrigal, Catla, Common Carp and Grass carp) @ 5000 ha -1 (5/10 m 2 of rice)
Construction of poultry house & brooding of DOC Construction of pigsty & rearing of pigs
Preparation of trench in Rice-Fish-Vegetable farming Release of fingerlings in rice field
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