AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT

Transcription

1 AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT Presentation at Roundtable Discussion on Agriculture and Water By Dr. Muhammad Jameel Khan Advisor (Agri. Planning) Planning Commission ( )

2 NEW DEVELOPMENT APPROACH Private sector as growth driver in open market environment that rewards productivity, efficiency, innovation and entrepreneurship which ultimately promotes growth, prosperity and development Government protects public interests and rights, provides public goods, enforces laws, penalizes, exploitative practices and operates with transparency and accountability

3 DECELERATION IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR GROWTH Year Average Growth Rate (%) 1980 s s s 3.2 Source: Pakistan Economic Survey

4 INCREASE IN CROP OUTPUT AND YIELD Crop Production (m ton) Indicator Source: Pakistan Economic Survey , Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan / (Times) Wheat Rice Cotton (m bales) Sugarcane Maize Yield (mds/acre) Wheat Rice Cotton Sugarcane Maize Population (million)

5 INCREASE IN LIVESTOCK OUTPUT Indicator / (Times) Meat Livestock Production (000 ton) Poultry Milk Source: Pakistan Economic Survey , Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan

6 LABOR PRODUCTIVITY IN AGRICULTURE Country ANNUAL GROWTH RATE (%) Pakistan 0.2 India 2.2 China 6.4 Bangladesh 1.4 Source: Asian Productivity Organization, Productivity Data Book, 2010

7 CROP AND LIVESTOCK YIELD GAPS IN PAKISTAN Crop Progressive Farmers Yield (Tonnes / ha.) National Average Yield (Avg. of last 3 years) (Tonnes / ha.) Yield Gap (%) Wheat Cotton Sugarcane Sindh Punjab Maize Rice Onion Potato Citrus Milk

8 REASONS FOR LOW PRODUCTIVITY Inadequate certified seed coverage Unbalanced use of fertilizer Inadequate mechanization Inadequate credit Static cropping pattern Inadequate investment in agricultural research Deficient extension Resource depletion salinity, waterlogging, silting up of reservoirs, low water delivery / use efficiency Livestock: Nutrient deficiency, inadequate A.I. / veterinary cover and price incentive Fisheries: poor infrastructure and compliance with quality standards

9 INCREASING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY Bridging the yield gap Diversification Resource conservation

10 INADEQUATE CERTIFIED SEED COVERAGE Crop Percent Cotton 45 Rice 31 Maize 33 Wheat 21.5 Oilseeds 18.9 Fodder 10.3

11 CONSUMPTION OF FERTILIZER Increased from 1.89 million nutrient tons in to 4.36 million tons in N.P. ratio 4:1 against desired ratio of 2:1 Inadequate nutrient deficiency assessment capacity 0.38 percent soil testing coverage Leaf analysis Source: Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan , and NFDC

12 INADEQUATE AND LOPSIDED MECHANIZATION Horsepower availability per cropped hectare is 0.9 compared with FAO recommended 1.4 Mechanization is lopsided 92 percent tractor owners have cultivators 0.4 to 12 percent ownership of deep tillage implements 0.7 percent ownership of laser land leveller

13 INADEQUATE AGRICULTURAL CREDIT AND UNDERINVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH Credit Agriculture accounts for only 4.5 percent of total credit portfolio In , 47 percent of agri. credit requirement met Regional and sub-sector distortions Out of 7,015 bank branches, 4,058 (58 %) designated for agricultural credit. Out of these 46 % in urban areas Agri. Research Public sector investment in Agriculture research as percentage of Agriculture sector GDP has been 0.3 % or less compared with 2.36 % for developed countries and 0.53 % for developing countries

14 LOW PRODUCTIVITY IN LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES Livestock Underfed livestock (30-40 %) Low A.I. coverage (10 %) Inadequate veterinary cover (25 %) Low milk prices for producers Neglect of rangelands Fisheries Poor infrastructure: Jetties, boats, cool chain Compliance with quality standards

15 CHANGES IN FARM SIZE AND AREA DISTRIBUTION : Size (hec) Under 2 2 to under 5 5 to under 10 Farms (Million) Farm Area ( Million hec) 1972 % 2000 % 1972 % 2000 % to under Above Total Source: Agriculture Census of Pakistan

16 BRIDGING THE YIELD GAP Improving certified seed coverage Notification of Amended Seed Act / Plant Breeders Rights Bill Increasing Public and Private investment in agriculture research (Cess, industry linkages) Rationalizing research - coordination, prioritization, avoiding duplication, salary structure, and incentives for researchers Innovative Extension-Electronic Media, specialized extension (horticulture, livestock, water management, post harvest handling) Use of Chlorophyll Meter and expanding Soil Testing Cover Enhancing Artificial Insemination coverage Improving livestock nutrition and management Improving farmers access to credit (group loaning, new products, expanding branch network, curtailing banking sector spread)

17 Horticulture DIVERSIFICATION Higher income / Employment Improved resource productivity Higher multiplier effect Enhanced micronutrients availability / improved health Oilseeds / Pulses Import substitution Livestock Rangeland development Vertical integration

18 RESOURCE CONSERVATION Water Storages / rainwater harvesting Tackling Salinity and Waterlogging Laser Land Leveling Raised Beds / Furrow Irrigation High Efficiency Irrigation Lining of Watercourses Low Water Requirement Crops Fertilizer Band Placement Drill Rationalizing Water Pricing

19 MARKETS / MARKET REFORMS Commodity Markets Inadequate number Poor infrastructure Heavy involvement of government Land Anomalies Oral transfer of land Pre-emption Act 1991 Lack of centralized and computerized land titles record Market Reforms Cool Chain Development Level playing field for private sector Allowing Private Sector to set up Markets Procurement / Releases / Pricing

20 CONCLUSION Knowledge / Technology Based Precision Agriculture Human Resource Development / Skills Performance Review / Effective M & E Policy / Institutional / Market Reforms Improving Analytical Capacity / Governance Enhancing Private Sector s Role