Marketing Bulletin SILFORM * flexible resin SPECIALTY FLUIDS - PERSONAL CARE SilForm flexible resin can help provide the unusual combination of comfort and long-lasting wearability in personal care formulations. SilForm flexible resin is a filmforming, silicone MT resin that mimics the movement of skin for a comfortable, non-tightening feel. It offers the non-transfer properties, especially beneficial for color cosmetics and sun-care formulations, typically associated with silicone resins. SilForm flexible resin can also help improve the comfort of traditional MQ resins, without impacting their excellent transfer resistance. Key Features and Typical Benefits helps deliver comfort and wearability to personal care formulations provides transfer resistance in color cosmetic and sun-care formulations occlusive film for improved moisturization oil and water-resistant flexible film former compatible with most organic sunscreens and pigments Typical Physical Properties (1) Potential Applications color cosmetics sun care products creams/lotions anti-aging products Appearance White solid Softening Point, C 75-90 Flash Point, C 238 Specific Gravity @ 25 C 1.24 (1) Typical data are average data. The actual values may vary. Product specifications for specific applications need to be agreed upon individually. INCI Designation: Polymethylsilsesquioxane
Chemistry R R R R Si R R Si R R Si R O R O R O R R O Si O Si O Si O Si O Si O Si O O Si R R O R O R O R R R R R O R R Si O Si O Si O Si O Si O Si O Si Si O Si R R O R O R O R R R R R R R Si O Si O Si O Si O Si O Si O O Si R R O R O R O R R Si R R Si R R Si R R R R SilForm flexible resin is comprised of Methylsilsesquioxy (T) units and Trimethylsilyl (M) units. The T-units within the cross-linked structure have less rigidity allowing for increased flexibility of the resin film that is formed on the skin. Flexible Comfortable Non-transfer Benefits Water Repellent Oil Resistant Page 2 of 12
Performance Data Flexible Film Former Skin s natural suppleness allows smooth motion through a variety of facial movements. When a film-former is used in a personal care application for a non-transfer benefit, the functionality of the material can cause a brittle film to form on the skin, limiting comfort and flexibility. By incorporating a molecular level of flexibility into a film-forming resin, the additional benefit of increased pliability may be added to the basic functionality of increased non-transference of pigments or sunscreens from the skin. The suppleness of the film also creates a more comfortable experience for the consumer. An MPA580 Cutometer measures the elasticity of skin by lifting, stretching and releasing the skin. Peaks and troughs are measured to determine the flexibility of the skin. 50% solutions of the resins in cyclopentasiloxane were prepared for analysis. The solution was applied to the skin and allowed to dry for 5 minutes. Figure 1: Film Flexibility Results Skin is lifted Blank SilForm flexible resin Trimethylsiloxysilicate Skin is released SilForm flexible resin results closely mimiced that of the blank when the skin was lifted and stretched indicating there was minimal restriction to movement or tightening of the skin. Note: Test data. Actual results may vary. Product formulations are included as illustrative examples only. Momentive makes no representation or warranty of any kind with respect to any such formulations, including, without limitation, concerning the efficacy or safety of any product manufactured using such formulations. Cutometer is a trademark of COURAGE + KHAZAKA ELECTRONIC GMBH Page 3 of 12
A flexible film can also be observed with a microscope. A material that cracks upon drying denotes brittleness and stiffness. A material that maintains a continuous film upon drying reveals flexibility and pliability. Vitro skin was hydrated over night and then a 1:1 solution of cyclopentasiloxane and the resin were applied to the skin and allowed to dry overnight. By laterally stretching vitro skin that had been coated with 30% solutions of resin in cyclopentasiloxane, it would be possible to determine what happens to the film after it comes to rest. Each of the vitro skin samples was stretched to 110% and then released back to its normal state. Figure 4: Film Flexibility Figure 2: Film Formation (microscope at 40x) Control MQ resin SilForm flexible resin It is clearly visible in the photographs that the film formed by MQ resin was brittle and prone to cracking during the drying process. The SilForm flexible resin maintained the suppleness of the skin with a pliable film. To determine if the addition of SilForm flexible resin to the MQ resin could improve the overall flexibility of the film, a mixture of cyclopentasiloxane and 1:1 SilForm flexible resin and MQ resin blend were coated onto hydrated vitro skin and dried overnight. MQ resin Figure 3: Film Formation (microscope at 40x) SilForm flexible resin The MQ resin behaved as a brittle resin, it had many cracks in the film. The SilForm flexible resin, maintained the integrity of the film, flexing with the movement, demonstrating its pliability. (1 : 1) SilForm flexible resin : MQ resin The resulting film, as seen in Figure 3, was smooth with no cracking. The SilForm flexible resin, acting as grout between the cracks of the MQ resin, can help improve film flexibility of the MQ resin without compromising the non-transfer benefit expected by an MQ resin (see Figure 7). Note: Test results. Actual results may vary. Product formulations are included as illustrative examples only. Momentive makes no representation or warranty of any kind with respect to any such formulations, including, without limitation, concerning the efficacy or safety of any product manufactured using such formulations. Page 4 of 12
Comfortable Film Former Skin that is comfortable feels well moisturized and supple. Many traditional film formers can be drying and tightening. SilForm flexible resin may be useful in combatting that sensation. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) results are used an indicator of water loss from the skin; reducing TEWL values is a key factor in the comfort of a film. Hydrated vitro skin was coated with the resin in a 1:1 mixture with cyclopentasiloxane, dried overnight and subjected to TEWL analysis. Figure 5: TEWL Results Amount Applied 0.0036g/cm 2 14.00 12.00 To determine if the addition of SilForm flexible resin could help improve the comfort of a traditional MQ resin, hydrated vitro skin was coated with the resin at a 1:1 ratio with cyclopentasiloxane and dried overnight and subjected to TEWL analysis. Even though the MQ resin provided little barrier protection by itself, when SilForm flexible resin was blended with it at a 1:1 ratio (Figure 6) it improved the moisture retention for a significantly more comfortable feel on skin. Figure 6: TEWL Results Amount Applied 0.015g/cm 2 30.00 25.00 g/hm 2 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 SilForm flexible resin Traditional MQ resin Control Vitro-Skin Petrolatum g/hm 2 20.00 15.00 SilForm flexible resin : MQ resin 1:1 Mix MQ resin SilForm flexible resin 10.00 The SilForm flexible resin (Figure 5) was clearly more occlusive than the control or a traditional MQ resin. This would typically lend the skin a more moisturized feeling during use. 5.00 0.00 1 32 63 94 125 156 187 218 249 280 311 342 373 404 435 466 497 2.00 0.00 Note: Test results. Actual results may vary. Product formulations are included as illustrative examples only. Momentive makes no representation or warranty of any kind with respect to any such formulations, including, without limitation, concerning the efficacy or safety of any product manufactured using such formulations. Note: Test data. Actual results may vary. Page 5 of 12
Transfer Resistant Film Former A film-former has the ability to prevent pigments or sunscreens from transferring onto clothing, for either a long-lasting freshly applied look or consistent sun protection. A simple liquid lip formulation, with varying levels of a film-former, was evaluated for transfer resistance (color on vitro skin transferred to cloth (Testfabrics #7409-6) under 500g weight, the latter rotated incrementally to 360 ) using a Hunter ColorQuest XE instrument. Measuring the a values before and after a deliberate transfer indicates the usefulness of a resin in maintaining the level of pigments left on the skin. A lower value correlates to less color loss. SilForm SilForm flexible resin : Liquid Lip Color INCI Control MQ resin flexible resin MQ resin (1:1) Ingredients % wt/wt % % wt/wt % wt/wt % wt/wt SE30 Dimethicone 10 10 10 10 SR1000 Trimethylsiloxysilicate 15 7.5 SilForm flexible resin Polymethylsilsesquioxane 15 7.5 Cyclomethicone and disteardimonium hectorite and propylene carbonate 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 Isododecane 55 40 40 40 Castor Oil (and) D&C Red 7 CA Lake (and) iron oxide (and) cyclomethicone 24 24 24 24 Titanium Dioxide 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 Total 100 100 100 100 1. Build in FlackTek container. 2. Heat container in the water bath 20 minutes at 90 C. 3. Mix immediately by FlackTek for 5 minutes at maximum RPM s (3540 rpm). Stir manually. 4. Re-heat and re-mix in FlackTek under same conditions. Product formulations are included as illustrative examples only. Momentive makes no representation or warranty of any kind with respect to any such formulations, including, without limitation, concerning the efficacy or safety of any product manufactured using such formulations. Hunter and Colorquest are trademarks of Hunter Associates Laboratory, Inc. FlackTec is a trademark of FlackTec, Inc. Page 6 of 12
Figure 7: L.a.b. (1) Testing Color Value ÔaÕ 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Control SilForm flexible MQ resin SilForm flexible resin resin : MQ resin (1:1) 1) L.a.b. = CIE 1976 (L, a, b) three dimensinal color space. SilForm flexible resin, alone, provided a strong non-transfer improvement over the dimethicone gum resin. Although the MQ resin performed better, the dry, tightening effect leaves room for improvement in the personal care formulation. By adding SilForm flexible resin to the MQ resin, the a value stayed approximately the same, while the moist, supple sensory can help provide much greater comfort for better long wear properties. Additional Benefits Gloss The same liquid lip color formulation was analyzed for gloss using a BYK-Gardner gloss meter. Byk-Gardner is a trademark of Byk-Gardner USA, Division of Altana Inc. Figure 8: Gloss Results 4 3.5 3 R85 Gloss Units 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Control SilForm flexible MQ resin SilForm flexible resin resin : MQ resin (1:1) SilForm flexible resin can help provide a significant shine to formulations. Note: Test data. Actual results may vary. Page 7 of 12
Oil and Water Resistant Measuring the contact angle of a 5% concentration of the resin in cyclopentasiloxane that has been dried on a slide overnight provides details on the ability of SilForm flexible resin to be both water and oil repellent. Figure 9: Contact Angle Results Squalene Contact Angle Water Contact Angle 45 106 40 105 35 104 Degree 30 25 20 SilForm flexible resin MS resin Acrylates / dimethicone copolymer 103 102 101 15 100 10 99 5 98 0 97 In comparison to an acrylate based film-former, SilForm flexible resin provided an improved combination of water and oil repellency. It also had greater oil resistance than a traditional MQ resin. Smooth Application Correlation coefficients are used to measure the reduction in drag during application. Solutions with 1% of a resin, dissolved in cyclopentasiloxane, were uniformly applied to vitro skin and dried for 5 hours at ambient temperature. Figure 10: Coefficient of Friction Results 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 Blank SilForm flexible resin MQ resin MIU Value 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 SilForm flexible resin behaved very similarly to the control, indicating that it would be very smooth during the application. Note: Test data. Actual results may vary. Product formulations are included as illustrative examples only. Momentive makes no representation or warranty of any kind with respect to any such formulations, including, without limitation, concerning the efficacy or safety of any product manufactured using such formulations. Page 8 of 12
Compatibility with Personal Care Ingredients SilForm flexible resin was dissolved in the solvent at 5%. 25 C 70 C Silicone based Cyclopentasiloxane X X Silsoft* 034 organosilicone fluid X X Dimethicone 5cSt X X Dimethicone 10cSt X X Hydrocarbon Hydrogenated Polyisobutene X X Ester Isopropyl Myristate X X Isopropyl Palmitate X Isononyl Isononoate X X Alcohol Ethanol X The best solvent for SilForm flexible resin is typically Silsoft 034 organosilicone fluid followed by 5cSt dimethicone. Sample Formulations Suncare Lotion Brand Name INCI Name % wt/wt Stearic Acid 3.63 Cetyl Alcohol 0.57 SF96-5 Dimethicone 7.50 SilForm flexible resin Polymethylsilsesquioxane 2.50 C12-15 Alkylbenzoate 5.00 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride 5.00 Octylmethoxycinnamate 7.50 Octylsalicylate 5.00 Oxybenzone 6.00 Avobenzone 3.00 Tetrasodium EDTA 0.08 Carbomer 0.10 DI Water 52.98 Triethanolamine 1.14 Preservative as per manufacturer s label instructions 1. Add oil phase ingredients in order listed (stearic acid through avobenzone). 2. Heat oil phase to 75 C at 400 rpm (blade mixer). 3. Wait to equilibrate at 75 C for 15 minutes, then combine water phase ingredients (EDTA through water). 4. Heat the water phase to 75 C at 400 rpm, let the carbomer swell for 45 minutes, and add water phase dropwise to the oil phase. 5. Add the triethanolamine and keep stirring while removing the heat source. Let cool under stirring, and pack. Product formulations are included as illustrative examples only. Momentive makes no representation or warranty of any kind with respect to any such formulations, including, without limitation, concerning the efficacy or safety of any product manufactured using such formulations. *SilForm and Sisoft are trademarks of Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Page 9 of 12
Liquid Lip Gloss Brand Name INCI Name % wt/wt SE30 Dimethicone 10.00 SilForm flexible resin Polymethylsilsesquioxane 7.50 SR1000 Trimethylsiloxysilicate 7.50 Cyclopentasiloxane (and) Disteardimonium hectorite (and) 8.10 propylene carbonate Isododecane 40.00 Castor oil (and) D&C Red 7 CA Lake (and) iron oxide (and) 24.00 cyclomethicone Titanium dioxide (and) aluminum stearate 2.90 1. Build into FlackTek container. 2. Heat in water bath 20 minutes at 90 C. 3. Mix immediately by FlackTek for 5 minutes at maximum RPM s (3540 rpm). 4. Stir manually. Re-heat and re-mix in FlackTek under same conditions. FlackTec is a trademark of FlackTec, Inc. Product formulations are included as illustrative examples only. Momentive makes no representation or warranty of any kind with respect to any such formulations, including, without limitation, concerning the efficacy or safety of any product manufactured using such formulations. Page 10 of 12
Patent Status Nothing contained herein shall be construed to imply the non existence of any relevant patents or to constitute the permission, inducement or recommendation to practice any invention covered by any patent, without authority from the owner of the patent. Technical subject matter in this publication is described and protected by one or more pending US patent applications and foreign counterparts. Product Safety, Handling and Storage Customers considering the use of this product should review the latest Material Safety Data Sheet and label for product safety information, handling instructions, personal protective equipment if necessary, and any special storage conditions required. Material Safety Data Sheets are available at www.momentive.com or, upon request, from any Momentive Performance Materials representative. Use of other materials in conjunction with Momentive Performance Materials products may require additional precautions. Please review and follow the safety information provided by the manufacturer of such other materials. Limitations Customers must evaluate Momentive Performance Materials products and make their own determination as to fitness of use in their particular applications. Emergency Service Momentive Performance Materials maintains an around-the-clock emergency service for its products. The American Chemistry Council (CHEMTREC) and CareChem24 International also maintain an around-the-clock emergency service for all chemical products: Location Momentive Performance Materials Products All Chemical Products Mainland U.S., Puerto Rico 518.233.2500 CHEMTREC: 800.424.9300 Alaska, Hawaii 518.233.2500 CHEMTREC: 800.424.9300 Canada 518.233.2500 CHEMTREC: 800.424.9300 Europe +518.233.2500 +44.(0)208.762.8322 (UK) (Albanian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian) Middle East, All countries, except Israel +518.233.2500 +961.3.487.287 (Lebanon) Middle East, Israel +518.233.2500 +44.(0)208.762.8322 (UK) Latin America, Asia/Pacific, +518.233.2500 CHEMTREC: +1-703.527.3887 (collect) all other locations worldwide At sea Radio U.S. Coast Guard, which can directly contact Momentive Performance Materials at 518.233.2500 or CHEMTREC at 800.424.9300. DO NOT WAIT. Phone if in doubt. You will be referred to a specialist for advice. Page 11 of 12
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