Power to Gas in France From perspectives to a demonstration project Laurent BEDEL (CEA) Sylvain LEMELLETIER (GRTgaz) The gas grid driving 1 the energy transition
OUTLINE - Short introduction to GRTgaz & CEA - Energy context in France - Scenario of the energy transition in France - Towards a future development of Power to Gas - A Demonstration plant - Objectives, Partnership, Main key components - An European challenge - A collaboration topic The gas grid driving 2 the energy transition
Introduction to GRT Gaz Turn Over 2,0 billion 3.000 employees Entry Exit points In charge of Natural Gas Transport in France Regulated by CRE The longest transport network in Europe More than 32 000 km in France Pipes diameter from 80 to 1200 mm 4 400 delivery points 27 compressors stations (600 MW) 583 TWh of gas transported in 2014 129 shippers sell gas to 802 industrial customers directly connected to the transport grid 13 electricity production plants from gas 17 local gas distributors 3
Introduction to CEA FROM ATOMIC RESEARCH TO RENEWABLE ENERGY: TECHNOLOGICAL STRENGTH-IN-DEPTH Defence Security Defence Applications Division French strategic independance Nuclear Energy Division Nuclear Energy French energetic independance Fundamental Research Research & Technology Technological Research Division French economic competitiveness Material Science Division / Life Science Division TECHNOLOGY SCIENCE 4 500 employees 550 M annual budget 500 patents / year 50 start-ups 4 16 000 employees 10 Research centers 4B annual budget 580 priority patents filed / P.A. 120 new high-tech companies created since 1984
Introduction to CEA-Liten OUR MANDATE: MIXING INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVENESS WITH ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY Contribute to national and European climate Plans Contribute to energy independency 1 400 MEMBERS OF STAFF 30% of staff/industrial backgrounds Support industry through key enabling technologies integrated in systems 1 048 PATENTS 235 patent applications 2013 > 350 INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIPS BUDGET 170 M RESEARCH CONTRACTS 40% Blue chip 60% SME 12 PLATFORMS 3 KEY DRIVERS ENERGY EFFICIENCY Energy storage Buildings Transport & electromobility Smart grids RENEWABLE & LOW CARBON ENERGY Photovoltaics Solar thermal Biomass Hydrogen EFFICIENCY OF MATERIALS Efficient materials Recycling Low energy processes SOEC HEX Methanation reactors Techno-eco & env. assessments 5
6 Energy context in France
Current situation in France Electricity production Nuclear 61 130 MW Installed power in 2012 128,5 GW Fossil power plant 27 808 MW Hydraulic 25 388 MW Wind turbine 7 449 MW Photovoltaic 3 515 MW Other RE sources 1 390 MW Electric production in 2012 541 TWh 29% of RE energy (Installed Power) Only 135 kg CO2/MWh against 346kg at EU level 1 Hydraulic 11,8% Fossil power plant 8,8 % Wind turbine 2,8% Photovoltaic 0,7% Other RE sources 1,1 % 16,5% of RE energy (production) 1 : EDF source Reference : ( Connaissancedesenergies.org ) Nuclear 74,8% 7
Some key numbers of storage capacity Annual consumption (TWh) Storage capacity (TWh) Daily storage capacity (TWh) 490 Electricity Gas Oil products 8
Scenario of the energy transition in France 9
Dvt of intermittent RE Median ADEME scenario MTEP Perspectives (up to 2050) Primary energy ADEME scenario 50% nuclear MTEP 31% Int. RE In 2050 (MEDIAN Scenario) Renewables Oil Natural gas Nuclear Coal ADEME scenario 18% nuclear MTEP 49% Int. RE Electricity Nuclear : 25% of electricity production Intermittent renewable energies 45% 10
Issues of intermittent RE Example : typical energy consumption in France No RE 20% of RE 60% of RE Wind energy Solar energy 2 main issues On a representative week (France) Mismatch between production and consumption => Surplus of production But at anytime Congestion (up to several hundreads of km) Above a thresold of intermittent renewable energies Need of high storage capacity Need of transport infrastruture 11
Congestion issue Energy transport cost 2,3M /km 2,17M /km Gas transport is cheaper for energy transportation Approximately 20 times!! 12
Storage issue Energy storage capacity Power to Gas with injection into the gas grid is the best (& only) solution for high capacity of storage (>1 day) 13
Potential market of Power to Gas in France (2 studies) Study ordered by Made in Made by Potential market of Power to 2030 2050 GRTgaz 2013 Not evaluated 25 TW http://www.grtgaz.com/fileadmin/transition_e nergetique/documents/hydrogene_et_reseau_ e-cube_grtgaz.pdf ADEME, GRTgaz, GrDF 2014 Between 2,6 and 3 TWh Depends of scenarios Between and 73 T Depends scenari http://www.grtgaz.com/fileadmin/engagement s/documents/fr/power-to-gas-etude-ademe- GRTgaz-GrDF-complete.pdf 14
Potential market of Power to Gas (2030) Weekly production surplus and shortfalls for 2030 (ADEME - Median) 31 % of intermittent Renewable energies Annual consumption : 409TWh Suplus :15 TWh Shortfalls : 24,4 TWh Power to Gas : between 2,6 and 3 TWh
Potential market of Power to Gas (2050) Weekly production surplus and shortfalls for 2050 (ADEME - Median) 45 % of intermittent Renewable energies Annual consumption : 414TWh Surplus : 44,5 TWh (40-91) Shortfalls : 23,8 TWh Power to Gas : between 20 and 73 TWh (3 scenarios)
Potential market of Power to Gas Electricity surpluses could reach ~ up to 91 TWh/year by 2050 in France (based on ADEME Vision 2050) equivalent of 15-20% of French current electricity production. Frequent surpluses over consecutive days (~ 36 TWh > 2 consecutive days) 17 The impact of intermittent energy production is expected to be strong in France by 2050
Techno-economic of Power to gas Same price of renewable and fossil methane if carbon tax at 220-300 /t CapEx & OpEx have to be reduced => need to develop efficient technologies => Need to assess performances on a demonstration project 18
Towards a future development of Power to Gas 19
Power to gas => H 2 injection H 2 O O 2 Power Electrolyser H 2 Injection in the gas grid H 2 Energy yield : from 70 to 80% 20
Power to gas => SNG injection H 2 O O 2 H 2 O Power Electrolyser H 2 Méthanation CH 4 Injection in the gas grid CH 4 CO 2 CH4 Energy density (vol) 3 times higher (36.1 MJ/Nm 3 ) than H2 (10.8 MJ/Nm 3 ) Energy yield : from 50 to 60% 21
Power to Gas roadmap in France Hypotheses : 10 MW installations running 2500 h / year 25 TWh Elec conversion Pessimistic or realistic scenario 2,5 TWh Elec conversion 100 Power to Gas plants 1000 Power to Gas plants Or 100 plants of 100 MW. Or a mix 1 demonstrator plant 2017 2030 2050 And all can be achieved with existing pipes! 22
GRTgaz wants to be positionned as an actor in the Energy Transition As a support of the electrical network Give a value to the electrical surpluses due to renewable production devices Help Power grid reliability and congestion management To contribute to decarbonize gas networks with renewable gas injection H2 or synthetic methane CO2 capture and valorisation for the synthetic methane production To increase energy independancy for the country Local gas production Employment 23
To validate studies => Demonstration plant 24
Demonstration project => Build a first pilot plant to test the hydrogen and Synthetic Methane injection into the national gas grid The ambition Prepare the Power-to-Gas industry by implementing and demonstrating at the industrial scale an Hydrogen and SNG production plant with: - 2 Electrolysers : a PEM and an alkaline; - a CO2 capture unit - a methanation unit. 25
Demonstration project Size of the demonstration : 1MW el plant Methanation 0,5 MW el An integrated project on the complete hydrogen value chain H 2 Electrolyser 0,5 MW PEM H 2 CH 4 Methanation Injection in the National gas grid CH 4 Electricity Electrolyser 0,5 MW Alkaline CO 2 Capture CO 2 or H 2 +CH 4 26
Partnership Coordinator : Partners : Strong involvment of industrials + 1 RTO 27
Objectives of the demonstration To validate the process as an efficient storage device To validate the available services for the electrical grid (modulation...) To validate technologies Help to launch the Power-To-Gas industry in France To build easy conditions for an industry able to export its technologies To build a Business Model To treat hard topics, one by one, up to reach cost effectiveness The best mean to convince is to go from concept to a real unit 28
Main Key Components Electrical power source Water source (liquid, T) CO 2 Source (quality, P CO2 ) AC /DC Conversion Electrolysis CO2 Capture Methanation Gas buffers (CO2, H2) Gas compressors Gas upgrading (natural gas specification) Control/command Oxygen usage Natural gas network 4 main key components CO2 Capture (Amines) Electrolyzers (0,5 MW PEM, O,5 MW Alkaline) Methanation (0,5MW) Gas upgrading and injection 29
Methanation reactor CEA-ATMOSTAT Technology Based of Exchanger-reactor technology developed by CEA & ATMOSTAT Structured reactor : reactive channels ~cm Cross flow cooling channels ~mm Catalyst powder Compactness Easier maintenance Flexibility Modular concept (easy scale up by numbering up) Flexibility One methanation module Common lab CEA ATMOSTAT 30 2,5 bar et cooling fluid at 290 C (Conversion rate at the equilibrium 96,9%).
Location of the demonstration project Planned at Fos sur Mer Harbour nearby Marseille Start of the project In fall 2015 Injection into the gas grid 2017-2018
Conclusion To conclude, the Gas infrastructure is an essential component of a global sustainable energy system
An European challenge A collaboration topic 33
To implement these solutions GRTgaz is working with European transmission companies A shared vision The capacities of existing gas networks, together with the way in which gas and renewable energies complement each other, will help reduce CO 2 emissions by 75% by 2050 compared with 2010 levels (Factor 4). A shared conviction Gas power systems: guarantee supplies at prices that all consumers (individuals, local authorities, manufacturers) can afford, help the development of renewable energies and the low-carbon economy. Areas of cooperation Injection of renewable gas and development of green certificates. P2G technology, e-gas. NGV and LNG fuel for road and maritime transport 34
Questions? Thank you for your attention Gracias por su atención Merci pour votre attention laurent.bedel@cea.fr sylvain.lemelletier@grtgaz.com 35