Expert Group Meeting on Sustainable Application of Waste-to-Energy in Asian Region Overview on Waste and Biowaste Generation and Their Management Status in Southeast Asian Countries Somrat Kerdsuwan The Waste Incineration Research Center King Mongkut s University of Technology North Bangkok 1 22-23 February 2018, Busan, Republic of Korea
Outlines Introduction to ASEAN Renewable Energy in ASEAN Biomass in ASEAN Biomass to Energy in ASEAN Waste in ASEAN Waste to Energy in ASEAN Perspective Conclusion 2
Introduction to ASEAN 3 Source : wikipedia
Renewable Energy in ASEAN 80% 9.1% 4 Source : ASEAN Centre for Energy (2016)
Renewable Energy in ASEAN Indonesia owns the biggest potential of biomass with 32.6 GW, followed by Thailand with 2.5 GW. 5 Source : ASEAN Centre for Energy (2016)
Biomass Power Capacity 6 Source : ASEAN Bioenergy Technology Status Report (2014)
Biomass Power Capacity in 2014 Biomass in Thailand contributed 60.02% of its total renewable energy electricity generation Cambodia and Lao PDR have potentially initiated the development of biomass power plant of 22.64 and 39.7 MW 7 Source : ASEAN Centre for Energy (2016)
Rice Industry 8 Source : Biomass One-stop Clearing House (2003)
Biomass Power Capacity 9 Source : ASEAN Bioenergy Technology Status Report (2014)
Sugar Cane Industry 10 Source : Biomass One-stop Clearing House (2003)
Biomass Power Capacity 11 Source : ASEAN Bioenergy Technology Status Report (2014)
Oil Palm Industry 12 Source : Biomass One-stop Clearing House (2003)
Biomass Power Capacity 13 Source : ASEAN Bioenergy Technology Status Report (2014)
Biomass Power Capacity 14 Source : ASEAN Bioenergy Technology Status Report (2014)
Energy Production per Planting Area 15 Source : ASEAN Bioenergy Technology Status Report (2014)
Technology of Biomass Powerplant > 1 MW Electrical Power Direct combustion Fuel preparation Boiler Steam turbine + Generator Emission control Dust, SOx, NOx ESP, Bag Filter < 1 MW Electrical Power Indirect combustion (Gasification) Fuel preparation Gasifier Up-draft, Down-draft, Fluidized bed Internal Combustion Engine + Generator Source: biomassfutureenergy.wordpress.com Emission control 16 Source: www.energy.kth.se
17 Biomass Steam Turbine Powerplant
Dan Chang Bagass Powerplant 2,000 ton/day 41 MW 18
Demonstration of 12 Biomass Gasification powerplants in Thailand Fast Growing Plant Coconut Shell and Fiber
Current status of gasification technology Drying to 10-15%-wt. moisture Size reduction to < 10 cm Downdraft gasifier Updraft gasifier 4-stage gasifier with separate reaction zone Cyclone Cooling tower Wet scrubber Bag filter Gas engine (200-350 kw e ) Substitute for LPG (25-200 toe/year)
Biomass for Heat & Power Targets in ASEAN Brunei No biomass target Thailand 3,630 MW biomass 160 MW MSW in 2020 Vietnam 400 MW biomass Laos 58 MW biomass Malaysia 1,340 MW biomass in 2030 36 MW MSW in 2025 390 MW MSW in 2020 Singapore No Biomass Target Phillipines Myanmar 277 MW biomass 15 18% of RE in 2030 In 2020 Source : ASEAN Bioenergy Technology Status Report (2014) Combodia 87 kw Biomass Gasification Indonesia 810 MW biomass in 2025
Waste Power Capacity in 2014 22 Source : ASEAN Centre for Energy (2016)
Singapore s Waste : Fact & Figure 23 Source : www.zerowastesg.com
Singapore s Waste : Fact & Figure 24 Source : National Environmental Agency : Singapore
Amount of MSW Percentage of each composition Waste composition in Thailand MSW production and its composition in Thailand 14 12 10 Amount of MSW generation in Thailand in 2012 (million ton per year) 8 6 4 2 0 Bangkok Municipalities and Pattaya LAOs 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Chaing Mai MSW composition in Thailand Nakorn Ratchasrima Phuket Bangkok Chonburi Organic Paper Plastic Glass and ceramics Metal Rubber Textile Others Source: Thailand Pollution Situation 2013, www.pcd.go.th
Waste Accumulated Source : www.manager.co.th Amount of accumulated waste 30.83 MT No waste accumulated up 26 Source : www.pcd.go.th Source : Greenpeace
Master plan of sustainable waste management 27 Waste Accumulated in Dumping Site : (Old waste) Site cleaning (land reclaiming) RDF : send to cement plant for co-firing Clustering Waste Management : (New waste) Model L : > 300 TPD Waste sorting at WTE plant Waste to Energy plant by RDF/Incineration/Biogas/Composting Rejected to landfill Model M : 50 to 300 TPD Same as Model L Model S : < 50 TPD Source separation Integrated Disposal Technology Promote Public Private Partnership (PPP) business model Government supports electricity price up in term FIT
REF : http://www.pjt.co.th/index_th.asp 700 TPD Phuket Waste Incineration Plant 28
REF : http://www.pjt.co.th/index_th.asp 700 TPD Phuket Waste Incineration Plant Plant Location : Phuket City Municipality Capacity : 2 x 350 TPD with 14 MWe (Turbine Generator Rated) Technology : Stoker Incinerator + Steam Turbine-Generator + SDR + Bag Filter Contract : BOT for 15 yr and can re-contract for another15 yr Owner : Project Status : Commissioning in April 2012 29
REF : http://www.pjt.co.th/index_th.asp 700 TPD Phuket Waste Incineration Plant 30
REF : http://www.hatyaithailand.net/home/?p=6 Gasification Waste to Energy Plant Project location : Hadyai City Municipality Capacity : 250 TPD : 6 MWe Technology : Gasification Investment : app. 650 M (20 M.US$) Contract : Concession 25 yr Project Status : Laid the foundation stone : May 3 rd, 2011 COD : December 2014 31
REF : http://www.hatyaithailand.net/home/?p=6 Gasification Waste to Energy Plant 6 MWe Gasification Waste to Energy Plant 250 TPD MSW Boiler Steam Turbine Waste heat Storage bunker 900 Ton Waste heat Thermal Dryer Waste water treatment Shredder Waste water treatment Waste sorting Line 1 Waste sorting Line 2 leachate leachate 32 Garbage dumping area
Conclusion 33 Biomass and Waste play majors role of RE in ASEAN Biomass power capacity increased by 137.56% where Indonesia had the biggest potential of biomass with 32.6 GW and Thailand with 2.5 GW Biomass in Thailand contributed 60.02% of its total renewable energy electricity generation Cambodia and Lao PDR have potentially initiated the development of biomass power plant of 22.64 and 39.7 MW Energy from waste in ASEAN played only about 0.69% of total renewable power capacity in 2014 and up to 83.94% of energy from waste was from Singapore Thailand tried to launch the program of small scale biomass and waste power plant by introducing gasification technology. Public Private Partnership business model of waste to energy project also try to implement in ASEAN countries.