ICP Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Ecosystems - ICP IM Salar Valinia (co-chair ICP IM) Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2017-10-20 1 Salar Valinia & Ulf Grandin (co-chair ICP IM) Martin Forsius (Head of programme centre) Lars Lundin (retiring chair ICP IM)
What is the purpose of integrated monitoring? Integrated monitoring aims at determining and predicting change of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems in a long-term perspective with respect to the impact of air pollutants. Air pollutants include nitrogen, sulphur, heavy metals, ozone and persistant organic pollutants Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2017-10-20 2
How integrated monitoring is carried out Simultaneous monitoring of physical, chemical and biological measurements over time of different ecosystem compartments at the same location Monitoring is divided into compartmental subprogrammes linked by the use of the same parameters The main emphasis is to establish consistent and harmonized time series for environmental parameters across the UNECE region. Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2017-10-20 3
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In brief terms Integrated Monitoring provides detailed knowledge on air pollution effects on chemical, biological and the physical environment It provides detailed information on how emission controls affect ecosystem recovery The improved process understanding integrated monitoring provides are used in larger spatial modeling exercises such as critical loads. Integrated monitoring allows us to separate point source pollution from transboundary air pollution Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2017-10-20 5
Sites and coverage of ICP IM 17 countries across the UNCE area 41 active sites covering different ecosystem types across Europe New sites and increased activity in ICP IM: o Poland two new sites o Ukraine and Switzerland with a new site o Ireland is restarting its ICP IM programme Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2017-10-20 6
Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2017-10-20 7 ICP IM sites
Measurement (Indicator complex) Meteorology Air chemistry Precipitation chemistry (EMEP manual) Throughfall Soil chemistry Soil water chemistry Runoff water chemistry Parameter Frequency Method Precipitation, temperature of the air, soil temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, wind direction, global radiation/net radiation sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate sulphate, nitrates in aerosols and gaseous, nitric acid, ammonia and ammonium in aerosols sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and alkalinity Sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, total N, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, dissolved organic carbon and strong acid (by ph) ph (CaCl2), S total, P total N total, Ca exchangeable, Mg exchangeable. K exchangeable, Na exchangeable, Al exchangeable, TOC, exchangeable titrable acidity (H+Al) ph, Electrical conductivity, Alkalinity, Gran plot, N total, ammonium, nitrate, P total, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Aluminium total, Aluminium labile alkalinity, sulphate, nitrate, chloride, dissolved organic carbon, ph, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, inorganic (labile) aluminium, total nitrogen, ammonium, stream runoff, specific conductivity Monthly Part 7.1 Monthly Part 7.2 Monthly Part 7.3 Weekly to monthly Part 7.5 Every fifth years Part 7.7 Four times annually Part 7.8 Monthly Part 7.10 Foliage chemistry Ca, K, Mg, Na, N, P, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and TOC Every fifth year Part 7.12 Litterfall chemistry Vegetation (intensive plot) Ca, K, Mg, Na, N, P, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and TOC Annually Part 7.13 Ground, field, shrub and tree layer vegetation, specifically soil-growing vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens. Tree diameter, canopy structure, Three year Part 7.17 Trunk epiphytes Lichen species growing on living tree trunks Every fifth year Part 7.20 Aerial green algae number of branches, youngest shoot with algae thickest coating of algae per tree, number of annual shoots with >50 % needles left,, number of annual shoots with >5% needles left Annually Part 7.21
ICP IM monitoring strengths Long-term intensive datasets available from many undisturbed sites across Europe Possibilities to do detailed studies on cause-effect relationships, including effects on biota Links between different ecosystem compartments assessed Data used in scientific papers, modeling exercises and ecosystem evaluation Improved process understanding for models development and scenario analysis Connection to other monitoring programs (LTER) Documentation of impacts of emission reductions and ecosystem recovery, and links to climate change Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2017-10-20 9
Conclusions Integrated Monitoring sites provides detailed process understanding of air pollution effect on natural ecosystems as described in article IV in the NECD The monitoring includes linked multiple compartments in the ecosystem such as surface, soil and ground water, soil, vegetation and forest Integrated monitoring should be complemented with more spatially covering monitoring programs such as (ICP waters, forest and vegetation) A sequence of monitoring and assessment on different spatial and temporal scales is needed under the NECD current ICP structure of the WGE covers this approach Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2017-10-20 10
Thank you for your attention Contact: www.syke.fi/nature/icpim Co-chair Co-chair Salar Valinia (salar.valinia@naturvardsverket.se) Ulf Grandin (ulf.grandin@slu.se) Programme centre Martin Forsius (martin.forsius@ymparisto.fi) Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2017-10-20 11