THE RISE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

THE RISE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

Day 1 Goals Define Key terms Related to Industrialization Understand what is needed for industrialization to occur. Understand what the experiences of workers was during the Industrial Revolution.

Industrialization The process in which a traditionally agricultural society transforms itself into one based on manufacturing goods and services.

Urbanization The process when people move from rural communities (towns) to urban communities (cities).

Neolithic Revolution 15,000-20,000 years ago Small communities of nomads settled in a single location Rise of agriculture and domestication of animals.

Agricultural Based Society Primarily Rural Society Labor intensive Lives driven by the seasons and weather

Family Units in Agricultural Based Societies Each member is responsible for adding to survival of family. Survival and subsistence was goal Avoid Famine. Resistant to change

Agricultural Revolution A massive change in the nature of agriculture that increased efficiency and allowed for more people to be fed with less work. New Technology New Farming Techniques New Animal Breeding

The Introduction of the Potatoes

The Introduction of the Potatoes J. C. Curwen, The Rural Economy of Ireland, 1818 The first and most important object in the rural economics of Ireland is the crop of potatoes, for on these exclusively depends the existence of all the lower orders not resident in towns. The potato, which in some points of view, may justly be regarded as one of the greatest blessings to our species, is capable of operating the greatest calamities, when it exclusively furnishes the food on which a community is content to exist, for as the cultivation of a single statute acre may successfully and easily be attended by one individual and as its produce on an average would give food for at least ten persons the year round

Technology of the Agricultural Revolution Mechanical drill for sowing seed (c. 1701) More efficient seed planting Less waste

Farming Techniques Lord Townshend's four-year crop rotation system Wheat, Barley, Turnips, Clover Kept land fresh More Crops Livestock Feed on Clover More fertilizer Turnips Food for Livestock in Winter Longer Lives

Livestock Breeding Breeding Livestock with Desired Characteristics More meat, better wool, more milk Year Sheep (lbs) Cattle (lbs) 1710 28 370 1795 80 800

Results of the Agricultural Revolution Increased Crop Yield Healthier Population Lower Mortality Rate (Infants especially) Population doubled from 5 million to 10 million in England during the 1700 s

Results of the Agricultural Revolution Less Labor required to feed the country Owners kicked tenets off land à Huge amount of unemployment à People moved to cities looking for work à Cheap labor available in cities More wool and available to the Textile Industry More materials to make clothes from

Economics The study of the production and consumption of goods and services and the distribution of wealth in a society. Production = What businesses make. Consumption = Who buys what. Distribution = Who is rich and who is poor

Key Inventions - Textiles Spinning Jenny (1764) n Spinning wheel with 8 threads n Water powered by (1787)

Key Invention - Transportation Steam Engine First widely used during early 1800 s Trains Steamboats

The Industrial Revolution The time period in which the output of machinemade goods drastically increased in England during the 1700 s.

Review How did the Agricultural Revolution help lead to the industrial revolution? Why could it occur? What did all these new people need to survive besides food?

Social Impacts of the Industrial Rev What changes occurred to the lives of the workers? What new rules did they have to follow? What were working conditions like? Who worked? What changes occurred due to urbanization?

Capitalism An economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods, characterized by a free competitive market and motivation by profit. The choices and rights of Individuals are key

Characteristics of Capitalism Ownership of Property Individuals own means of produc3ons (factories) & businesses. Self- Interest or Coopera6on Role of Government Distribu6on of Wealth What Drives the Market

Characteristics of Capitalism Ownership of Property Self- Interest or Coopera6on Individuals own means of produc3ons (factories) & businesses. Compe33on between companies is a good thing à compe33on and self- interest help us all. Role of Government Distribu6on of Wealth What Drives the Market

Characteristics of Capitalism Ownership of Property Self- Interest or Coopera6on Role of Government Individuals own means of produc3ons (factories) & businesses. Compe33on between companies is a good thing à compe33on and self- interest help us all. Limited government supervision. Stay up out my Business Distribu6on of Wealth What Drives the Market

Characteristics of Capitalism Ownership of Property Self- Interest or Coopera6on Role of Government Distribu6on of Wealth Individuals own means of produc3ons (factories) & businesses. Compe33on between companies is a good thing à compe33on and self- interest help us all. Limited government supervision. Stay up out my Business Individuals earn what they deserve and should be able to keep their wealth (& goods). What Drives the Market

Characteristics of Capitalism Ownership of Property Self- Interest or Coopera6on Role of Government Distribu6on of Wealth What Drives the Market Individuals own means of produc3ons (factories) & businesses. Compe33on between companies is a good thing à compe33on and self- interest help us all. Limited government supervision. Stay up out my Business Individuals earn what they deserve and should be able to keep their wealth (& goods). People free to spend money on what they want to à Will of the people drive what businesses make.

Self-Interest Drives Progress Why does the butcher, baker or brewer do their job? Answer: To make money for themselves (Note: they don t do it to help society or be a good person or make a difference They do it out of self-interest)

Capitalism Philosophy Continued What s the result of this selfishness? Bread, Meat and Beer become available! If individuals act selfishly, it s the community that benefits Human Nature: People are basically selfish And that s ok!!! (Human Nature?)

Division of Labor Capitalism and Industry make production more efficient that s how money is made Imagine one man making desks all day Imagine 10 men making desks each man working on a different element Result: Desks become much more common and much cheaper to buy! (Good for regular folks)

Prices Imagine 10 desk factories Each competes with each other to sell its products to consumers Each has to lower its cost of production in order to lower its price The result: Desks are now cheap for everyone.

Costs and Benefits of Capitalism What are the benefits of Capitalism? Who benefits most? What are the negative effects of Capitalism? Who is hurt the most?

Long-Term Effects of the Industrial Revolution Created jobs for workers Contributed to the wealth of the nation Increased production of goods - increased standard of living Provided hope for the future Emergence of Capitalism as a dominant economic philosophy Impact on the Environment

Basic Factors of Production Land Space and Resources Labor Lots of Workers Capital Machines, Factory, Materials, Money to Invest

Why England? Large population Natural Resources Iron ore rivers for transportation and power Capital Wealth Colonies supplying cheap resources