Main Topic 17: Industries Lesson 94: Agriculture (20-25 minutes) Today, you will: 1. Learn useful vocabulary related to AGRICULTURE. 2. Review Passive Voice. I. VOCABULARY Exercise 1: What s the meaning? (5-6 minutes) Choose the meaning of the underlined words from the choices that follow. Then practice using the words in your own sentences. 1. Plants are domesticated to provide a steady source of food. a. grained b. planted c. cultivated d. reproduced 2. Some scientists tried to graft a mango tree branch onto an apple tree to develop a new variety of fruit. a. crop b. restore c. sustain d. implant 3. Wild animals forage for food in the woods. a. live b. raise c. hunt d. settle 1
4. A lot of the people living in rural areas plant crops because they are close to nature. a. city b. exotic c. modern d. country 5. The process of senescence helps botanists know how old is a plant. a. aging b. feeding c. nourishing d. transplanting Exercise 2: What s the word? (5-7 minutes) Read the following dialog with your tutor and try to use context clues to fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word. You can find the missing word from the pool of words at the bottom. A farm owner visits an irrigation contractor to discuss how to improve the water system in his farm. Mr. Brown: Good morning, sir. I m Mr. Steve Brown. Please have a seat. How may I help you? Mr. Williams: Thank you. I came here to discuss the details on how to improve the (1) system in my farm. I was wondering if you could help me transport water to my farm. Mr. Brown: I see. May I know the nature and size of your farm? Mr. Williams: I have three hectares of land which solely depends on rainfall and manual irrigation. It is quite a burden during dry season because of low water supply. I need to use a better system to properly(2) vegetables. Mr. Brown: Do you also take care of farm animals to help you (3) your land? Mr. Williams: Yes, I have different kinds of (4) in my farm like cows and buffalos. 2
Mr. Brown: It's good that you also take care of animals. They can provide you with a special kind of (5) for your crops. And what kind of plants do you grow in your farm? Mr. Williams: I grow corn, rice and wheat. However, in summer, my farm's water system is not suitable for my cattle and crops. Mr. Brown: need. Well then, I need to visit your farm so that I can make the right system that you Choices: a. cattle b. plough c. irrigation d. farmer e. cultivate f. fertilizer 3
II. GRAMMAR REVIEW: Topic: Passive voice (5-6 minutes) Passive voice is used when the receiver of the action becomes the subject in a sentence. A passive sentence is formed using the following pattern: Receiver of Action + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle) + Doer of Action Active Voice The farmers harvested the crops. Passive Voice The crops were harvested by the farmers. In active voice, the doer of the action in the sentence is mentioned before the receiver of the action. In the passive voice, the receiver of the action is mentioned first and the doer of the action comes after. In the example above, the crops - is the receiver of the action; and the farmers - is the doer of the action. Remember: The main verb should always be in its past participle form even if the auxiliary verb be is in a different tense. Examples: Tenses Present Simple Present Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous Present Perfect Future Simple Subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle) Corns are harvested in June. Water is being conserved by farmers. Fertilizers were used in farmlands. The irrigation system was being dried up when El Nino came. Over 100 hectares of land have been cultivated. Harvesting activities will be finished tomorrow. Comprehension Check: Describe a farm activity in a sentence using a farm animal as the doer of the action. Then, use it in a passive voice. 4
Exercise 1: Incomplete Sentences (5-6 minutes) Choose the word or phrase that would best complete the following sentences. 1. The use of artificial fertilizers was being in the Philippine rice fields. a. reduce b. reduces c. reduced d. reducing 2. Different varieties of rice were in that farm. a. plant b. plants c. planted d. planting 3. Japanese corn in the northern regions for several years now. a. has cultivated b. have cultivated c. has been cultivated d. have been cultivated 4. The irrigation system next month. a. expanded b. was expanded c. has expanded d. will be expanded 5. Since last year, farms mainly to produce food. a. is being reserved b. have been reserved c. has being reserved d. have being reserved 5