Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum DBFZ Decentralised Electricity and Heat Supply from Solid Biomass within the Framework of the Renewable Energy Act Eric Billig, Janet Witt, Christiane Hennig INDONESIA GERMAN SEMINAR on Setting the Pace for Renewable Energy Technologies in Developing and Emerging Markets with Case Studies on Renewable Energy Technology Transfer Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung, 27 th of September 2011 Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Str. 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany, www.dbfz.de
Agenda renewable energy in Europe and Germany renewable energy from biomass in Germany solid biomass plants in Germany conclusion 2
political aims renewable in general and biomass specific Directive 2009/28/EC: promotion of the use of renewable energies entered into force 2009 determine the binding aims cover 20% of the finale energy consumption of the entire EU (2020) share of the biofuels for transportation 10% (2020) various national aims (depending from starting point 2005) sustainable requirements for production of biomass for energy applications only for biofuel and liquid bioenergy sources at the moment 35% reduction of GHG in comparison to conventionally use 50% from 01.01.2017 and 60% from 01.01.2018 for solid biomass planned, sustainability standards and certification are most likely 3
political aims renewable in general and biomass specific Source: BMU, Renewable Energy Sources in Figures 2010 4
political aims renewable in general and biomass specific aims in Germany till 2020: increase renewable energy (RE) share up to 18% decrease 10 % of the GHG from transportation by use of biofuels increase heat provision from RE up to 14% increase electric power provision from RE up to 35% increase the biogas/biomethane to approx. 6% from the natural gas consumption (till 2020 ~6 bil. m³; today approx. 300 mil. m³) binding targets! (regulated in nreap) Renewable Energy Act (EEG) is the most important instrument 5
Policy instruments for promoting RES - focus biomass Germany Renewable energy sources for electricity (RES-E) Renewable Energies Act (EEG) 2000 Renewable energy sources for heating (RES-H) Market incentive programme (MAP) 1999 Renewable Energies Heat Act (EEWärmeG) 2009 Renewable energy sources for fuels (RES-F) Federal Immission Control Act (BImSchG) - Definition of a biofuel quota (6.25% energetic until 2014) - From 2015 this quota will be replaced by a GHG-mitigation quota (7% until 2020) Energy Tax Act (EnergieStG) - Tax exemption and relief for biofuels 6
Overview Renewable Energies Act (EEG) 2000: the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) came into force; amendment 2004, revised version 2009 Currently under revision next amendment in 2012 Plant size 150 kw el 11,67 + 3.0 + 2.0 + 2.0 + 1.0 + 6.0 + 6.0 + 7.0 + 2.0 + 4.0 + 1.0 500 kw el 9,18 + 3.0 + 2.0 + 2.0 + 1.0 + 6.0 + 7.0 + 2.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 5,000 kw el 8,25 + 3.0 + 2.0 + 2.0 + 1.0 + 2.5 + 4.0 + 4.0 20,000 kw el 7,79 DBFZ 2011 Compensation structure [ Cent] Basic compensation Bonus compensation CHP Innovative technologies Renewables resources + 3.0 General Biogas upgrading up to 350 Nm³/h up to 700 Nm³/h Thermochemical conversion Wood Wood from short rotation plantation & landscape conservation Vegetable oil Biochemical conversion General Landscape conservation material Liquid manure (30%) Increase of compensation for emission reduction - biogas Compensation until 20 MW el Structure: basic compensation plus bonus compensation (technology bonus, renewable resources bonus, CHP bonus) 7
Overview market incentive programme (MAP) Government grant for the installation of smaller facilities for heat supply Support only for heating systems in the present building stock Bonus compensation Type of installation Basic compensation Combination with a solar heating system Energy efficiency of the building Innovative technology Pellet stove (with water pocket) (5 kw up to 100 kw) Pellet boiler (5 kw up to 100 kw) Pellet boiler plus newly fitted buffer storage with a capacity of at least 30 l/kw (5 kw up to 100 kw) Wood chip heating system plus newly fitted buffer storage with a capacity of at least 30 l/kw (5 kw up to 100 kw) 36 /kw, at least 1,000 36 /kw, at least 2,000 36 /kw, at least 2,500 1,000 per plant 500 0.5 * basic compensation 500 per measure BAFA January 2011 8
share of the renewable energies in Germany 2010 final energy consumption: renewable energy: biomass: ~2.496 bil. kwh ( 2.500 TWh) ~275 bil. kwh ( 275 TWh) ~197 bil. kwh ( 197 TWh) wind 1,5 % hydro 0,8 % Renewable energies 11 % biomass 7,9 % fossil energy (hard coal, soft coal, oil, gas, nuclear) 89 % other 0,9 % Source: BMU, March. 2011 Erneuerbare Energien 2010 biomass is the most important and the diverse renewable energy source in the medium-term biomass will keep this dominant roll because of its well proved technologies and utilisation paths biomass is particular important for heat and transportation 9
share of the RE for the german power generation At the end of 2010 102 TWh electrical power are provided by RE. 17% from the final electrical power consumption wind: Hydro: biological waste: landfill gas: photovoltaic: sewage gas: bio gas: liquid biofuels: solid biofuels: Source: BMU, March 2011 Erneuerbare Energien 2010 biomass:approx. 33 % 10
development of the biomass power plants oil CHP biogas biomass CHP without pulp and paper production, wood gasifier, mini CHP and el. power generation from bio methane DBFZ 2011 EEG implementation 01.04.2000 EEG amendment at 01.08.2004 EEG amendment at 01.01.2009 EEG amendment 01.01.2012 11
average installed el. capacity DBFZ characteristic of the biomass power plants for the el. power generation 2010 75% 4% 21% Anlagenbestand biomass plants 2010: biomass plants Biomasse(heiz)kraftwerke biomass CHP CHP (solid fuels) Biogasanlagen biogas Pflanzenöl-BHKW oil CHP (liquid fuels) - number approx. 7.550 - installed el. capacity approx. 3,8 GW el - el. power generation approx. 25,7 TWh el - th. power generation approx. 22 TWh th plant < 1 MW plant > 1 MW Installierte elektrische installed el. capacity Leistung el. Stromerzeugung power generation 32% 60% 32% 61% 8% 7% biomass CHP biogas oil CHP Source: Monitoring zur Wirkung des EEG auf die Stromerzeugung aus Biomasse, 2011
biomass CHP (solid fuels) number of plants (n=249) 24% in Bavaria 14% in Baden-Wuerttemberg (BW) 11% in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and 9% in Brandenburg plant capacity (all: 1236 MWel) 15% in Bavaria and NRW 14% in Brandenburg 10% in BW and Niedersachsen power generation 2010 el. power generation 8,3 TWh th. power generation 14,1 TWh amount of solid fuel 7,6 Mio. t/a (absolutely dry) operating plants 2010 waste wood mix. natural wood pulp and paper up to 0.5 MW up to 5 MW > 5 MW up to 0.5 MW up to 5 MW > 5 MW up to 0.5 MW up to 5 MW > 5 MW location. image: location, class of capacity and fuel of the solid biomass CHP in Germany ( without wood contributors and mini CHP < 10 kw el ) Source: 5. interim report DBFZ, Monitoring zur Wirkung des EEG auf die Entwicklung der Stromerzeugung aus Biomasse 13
number of plants installed el. capacity [MW el ] DBFZ installed capacity of the solid biomass CHP plants plants plants plants installed capacity Source: DBFZ, 5. interim report, BMU-Projekt Monitoring zur Wirkung des EEG auf die Entwicklung der Stromerzeugung aus Biomasse (2008 2011) Image without the pupl and paper plants (6 plants with total 126 MW el ) and approx. 84 wood carburettors (between 0,01 and 0,4 kw el ) with total 7 MW el and a few mini CHP plants <10 MW el 14
fuel supply in 2010 fuel supply and el. (average) capacity per fuel type (Ø 6,7 MW) (Ø 3,1 MW) fuel amount absolutely dry no water (Ø 12,5 MW) (Ø 3,5 MW) DBFZ 2010 15
structure of the operators 2009 DBFZ, 2010 by plant number energy supply company project company other sawmill industry wood panel industry wood processing industry (e.g. furniture) wood pellet production by plant capacity 16
electrical structure 2010 249 plants installed in 2010 DBFZ 2011
heat structure 2010 249 plants installed in 2010 typical heat applications are long/low distance heating, wood pellet facility, own energy consumption (heat, fuel drying), process steam DBFZ 2011 DBFZ 2011
operating firing technologies 2010 In praxis plants with grate firing often have a higher heat extracting than fluidized bed firing plants. Image: without pulp and paper, carburettors und and mini CHP < 10 kw el ) DBFZ 2011 19
installed technologies for the el. power generation 2010 DBFZ 2011 20
excursion: gasification, the increasing market Now there are approx. 50 provider of gasifiers in Germany who are producing CHPs which run with solid biomass fuels. date number of plants installed el. capacity [MW el ] 12/2008 62 7,4 12/2009 estimated 73 estimated 7,1 12/2010 84 6,7 The most gasifiers operate between 10 and 1000 kw el, but there are some few in development which are quite bigger (MW-class). The average capacity is currently approx. 80 kw el The most plants don t run steadily and are still in the development period. Source: 5. Zwischenbericht DBFZ, Monitoring zur Wirkung des EEG auf die Entwicklung der Stromerzeugung aus Biomasse 21
conclusion solid fuels from biomass Renewable Energy Act (EEG) is the most important instrument the energetic use of woody biomass is enlarged by the EEG steering incentives of the EEG bonus renewable raw material: increasing use of residual forest wood and landscape cultivation materials, but straw and hay seldom used CHP: high rate of heat extraction (only 5% without), essential by new plants technology bonus: increasing use of new technologies like ORC and gasifier (up to 3 MW el ), but low incentives for development of new technologies or improvement of known technologies sustainable standards for biofuels and liquid bioenergy sources are already required sustainable standards for solid biofuels discussed, but so far not details known 22
Thank you for your attention! Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum gemeinnützige GmbH Torgauer Straße 116 04347 Leipzig Germany www.dbfz.de Kontakt: M.-Eng. Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Eric Billig +49 341 / 2434 462 Eric.Billig@dbfz.de 23