Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Key features and recent developments

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1 Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Key features and recent developments Nicolas Oetzel Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety Division KI III 1, General and Fundamental Matters of Renewable Energies Athens, 26. January 2012

2 Renewable energy sources as a share of energy consumption in Germany minimum ) Targets: 2020 Share in [%] Gross final energy consumption ) ) Transport sector ,2) Share of RES in total final energy consumption (electricity, heat, fuels) 6.4 Share of RES in total gross electricity consumption 3.9 Share of RES in total energy consumption for heat Share of RES in fuel consumption for road traffic in transport sector (2) 2.9 Share of RES in total primary energy consumption (3) 1) Sources: Targets of the German Government, Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG); Renewable Energy Sources Heat Act (EEWärmeG), EU-Directive 2009/28/EC; 2) Total consumption of engine fuels, excluding fuel in air traffic; 3) Calculated using efficiency method; Source: Working Group on Energy Balances e.v. (AGEB); RES: Renewable Energy Sources; Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); image: BMU / Brigitte Hiss; as at: December 2011; all figures provisional BMU KI III 1 Development of renewable energy sources in Germany in

3 Contribution of renewable energy sources to electricity supply in Germany 120, ,000 Hydropower Biomass * Wind energy Photovoltaics EEG: January ,000 EEG: April 2000 EEG: August 2004 [GWh] 60,000 Amendment to BauGB: November ,000 StromEinspG: January March , * Solid and liquid biomass, biogas, sewage and landfill gas, biogenic share of waste; electricity from geothermal energy not presented due to negligible quantities produced; 1 GWh = 1 Mill. kwh; StromEinspG: Act on the Sale of Electricity to the Grid; BauGB: Construction Code; EEG: Renewable Energy Sources Act; Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); image: BMU / Christoph Edelhoff; as at: December 2011; all figures provisional BMU KI III 1 Development of renewable energy sources in Germany in

4 Energy Concept 2010, Energy Strategy 2011 Phase-out of nuclear energy until 2022 New targets for renewable energies until : 18% RES at least 35% RES-E 2030: 30% RES at least 50% RES-E 2040: 45% RES at least 65% RES-E 2050: 60% RES at least 80% RES-E Amendment of the Renewable Energy Sources Act cost efficiency market and grid integration of renewable energy: market premium Measures for grid enforcement, expansion of storage capacities

5 Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Key features (1) Priority access for RE to the power grid Priority transmission and distribution Obligation of grid operators to purchase the electricity produced from RE Fixed price ( tariff ) for every kilowatt hour produced from RE for 20 years All different types of RE are considered and tariffs are differentiated by source and size of the plant

6 Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Additional or special payment Key features (2) Bonuses (e.g. for technology, innovative procedures, system service, repowering) Initial tariff - Basic tariff (wind energy) Acceleration model (offshore wind energy) Annual decrease (0-9%) of the tariff due to technical development (degression) Growth corridor for solar energy ( MW/a), additional increase/decrease of degression Equalisation of additional costs for electricity from renewable energy

7 Feed-in tariffs for installations in 2012 (according to EEG amendment 2011) 2012 ct/kwh Degression Hydropower 3,40 12,70 1% Landfill gas, Sewage gas, Mine gas 3,98 8,60 1,5% Biomass 6,00 25,00 2% Geothermal 25,00 30,00 0% Wind energy (onshore) 8,93 (4,87) 1,5% Wind energy (offshore) 15,0 (19) 0% Solar energy 17,94 24,43 9%

8 Feed-in and payment under the Electricity Feed Act (StromEinspG) and the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) in Germany 14,000 Feed-in under StromEinspG [TWh/a] 90 12,000 Feed-in under EEG [TWh/a] Payment of fees [Mill. EUR] ,000 EEG: April 2000 EEG: August [Mill. EUR] 8,000 6,000 4,000 StromEinspG: January March 2000 Amendment to BauGB: November 1997 EEG: January [TWh/a] 2, StromEinspG: Act on the Sale of Electricity to the Grid; BauGB: Construction Code; EEG: Renewable Energy Sources Act; 1 TWh = 1 Bill. kwh; Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); image: BMU / Bernd Müller; as at: December 2011; all figures provisional BMU KI III 1 Development of renewable energy sources in Germany in

9 EEG costs Strong increase of renewable energies lead to higher EEG costs Recently, EEG costs remain stable: 2010: average EEG apportionment is 2,4 ct/kwh 2011: average EEG apportionment is 3,53 ct/kwh 2012: average EEG apportionment is exp. 3,59 ct/kwh Strong increase of PV in December 2011 debate on EEG costs and PV

10 BMU KI III 1 Development of renewable energy sources in Germany in

11 Jobs in the renewable energy sources sector in Germany Wind energy Biomass Solar energy Hydropower Geothermal energy 1,800 7,600 7,800 8,100 9,500 13,300 14,500 10,300 25,100 49,200 56,800 63,900 80,600 85,700 96, , , , , ,900 Increase: approx. 129 % 160, , , ,400 7,500 Publicly funded jobs jobs jobs jobs 6,500 research / 4,500 administration 3, ,000 40,000 60,000 80, , , ,000 Figures for 2009 and 2010 are provisional estimate; deviations in totals are due to rounding; Source: O Sullivan/Edler/van Mark/Nieder/Lehr: "Bruttobeschäftigung durch erneuerbare Energien im Jahr eine erste Abschätzung", as at: March 2011; interim report of research project Kurzund langfristige Auswirkungen des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien auf den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt ; image: BMU / Christoph Busse / transit BMU KI III 1 Development of renewable energy sources in Germany in

12 Investments in the construction of renewable energy installations in Germany 2010 Total: approx Bill. EUR Hydropower 500 Mill. EUR Geothermal energy * Solar thermal energy Biomass (heat) Biomass (electricity) 850 Mill. EUR 950 Mill. EUR 1,150 Mill. EUR 2,450 Mill. EUR Wind energy Photovoltaics 2,500 Mill. EUR 19,500 Mill. EUR 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 [Mill. EUR] * Large plants and heat pumps; deviations in the totals are due to rounding; Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to the Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW); as at: December 2011; all figures provisional BMU KI III 1 Development of renewable energy sources in Germany in

13 Economic boost from the construction of renewable energy installations in Germany 2010 Total: approx Bill. EUR Solar thermal energy 210 Mill. EUR Hydropower 380 Mill. EUR Geothermal energy 600 Mill. EUR Photovoltaics 740 Mill. EUR Wind energy 1,280 Mill. EUR Biofuels Biomass (electricity & heat) 3,010 Mill. EUR 5,040 Mill. EUR ,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 deviations in the totals are due to rounding; Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to the Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW); as at: December 2011; all figures provisional [Mill. EUR] BMU KI III 1 Development of renewable energy sources in Germany in

14 Conclusions Significant growth of renewable energies leads to new challenges Market and system integration of renewables becomes more important: market premium in EEG Cost-efficiency is essential: adjustment of tariffs and specific measures for PV in EEG Grid enforcement and more storage capacities are crucial Benefits of renewable energies: climate protection, job creation, economic growth, avoided energy imports

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