Integrated Infrastructure Edward A. Clerico, P.E., LEED AP President, Alliance Environmental LLC March 10, 2010 eclerico@allianceenvironmentalllc.com www.allianceenvironmentalllc.com
Integrated Infrastructure Progression from water/wastewater to water reuse to energy/water (CHP) to water/energy (heat pump cooling/heating) to carbon conversion to biogas Some aspects are not new and existed in times of scarcity Some aspects are completely new technology that allows high performance at small scale
Copyright Ed Clerico, 2007 Simple Logic Why do we produce potable water to carry our waste? Why do we light and ventilate unoccupied rooms? Why do we produce energy from scarce resources, and in a manner whereby much is discarded?
The key is finding affordable effective systems and practices that fit each specific case Ecology as Infrastructure Carriage Farm duced impervious cover duce water demand 43% ganic land management integrated t management ter surface water runoff oundwater recharge at preexisting ditions proved biodiversity cal food production 46% lower energy consumption Ground source heat pump Natural ventilation Daylighting 85% waste landfill diversion Recycled content and resource reuse Indoor air quality low voc, high filtration
Integrating Functional Systems Rain Garden Organic Hay Grass Fed Beef Geothermal Heat Pump Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Urban Systems Taking advantage of high density characteristics and the benefits of concentrated human activity Tear Drop Park Vegetated Roof River House
Linear vs. Integrated Systems
Energy http://www.storyofstuff.com/ Segregated Systems Approach Is Not Sustainable Stuff Solid Waste Community
Energy (35%) Systems Segregation and Fragmentation Creates Inadequate Function 4 quads + 4 quads = 8 quads US (Mark Shannon 2008) Linear Segmented Approach Adds energy at each step Depletes resources on supply side Energy Stuff Community Energy Solid Waste Contaminates environment on disposal side
Functional System Integration Integrated Systems Reduce and Reuse Add less energy at each step and extract energy post consumer use Use less natural resources on production side Release less contaminants to environment on post consumer side Energy Stuff Nonpotable Water Reuse Natural Resource Recycling Energy (80%) Nutrient Recycling Energy Energy Solid Waste
General Benefits of Decentralized Systems Just-In-Time, Just-The-Right-Size service delivered without excess capital - built to exact customer needs and specifications Innovation oriented allow change with each project Competitive allow for competitive systems and service mechanisms High Efficiency capture benefits of reuse, shorter distances, less energy input, less consumption, less waste Low security risk due to smaller size and greater dispersion
Benefits of Decentralized Water Systems Avoid undesirable secondary impacts (i.e. sprawl), yet allow modern planned development concepts Conducive to Smart Growth and Low Impact Development concepts that incorporate stormwater reuse, groundwater recharge and integrated water resource management Provide higher quality effluent that has nutrients removed simply because it has to be acceptable for reuse Eliminate infiltration and inflow conditions that are readily addressed in small systems Capture embedded energy that would typically dissipate into the sewers and earth
Draft Green Building Standards ASHRAE 189.1 Total building sustainability package Site Sustainability Water Use Efficiency Energy Efficiency Indoor Environmental Quality Building impact on Atmosphere, Materials and Resources Construction and Operations
Functionality Building Type Date of 1 st System Water Reuse Water Uses Research 1987 95% Toilet flushing Office 1989 95% Toilet flushing School 1990 75% Toilet flushing Commercial Centers 1993 70% Toilet flushing Stadiums 1996 75% Toilet flushing Urban Residential High Rise 2000 50% Toilet flushing, cooling, irrigation and laundry 30 Systems 20 Years 80% Reuse Nonresidential 50% Reuse Residential
New England Patriots Stadium Foxboro, Massachusetts Economic, Environmental and Social Equity 68,000 Seat Stadium represents beneficial reuse at prime public and institutional sites. System provides reuse capacity to entire commercial zone within Town of Foxboro.
Decentralized Urban Water Reuse Battery Park City New York
293 units 25,000 GPD WW treatment plant 48% reduction in water use 56% reduction in wastewater discharge Micro Urban Watersheds
Heat Pump Cooling Cooling Tower Cooling Water Laundry Water Flush Water Potable Water Wastewater Transfer to treatment Membrane Bio Reactor Anoxic Aerobic Wastewater Feed Tank Membrane Filters Distributed Water Reuse System Schematic 1 Wastewater collected for treatment 2 Stormwater collected for treatment where appropriate 3 Biological treatment To Irrigation 4 5 3 Final polishing and disinfection Storage for nonpotable reuse 1 Wastewater Stormwater overflow Highly variable Discharge to Sewers Stormwater Feed Tank Transfer to treatment 5 2 UV/Ozone Disinfection Reuse Water Reservoir 4 Energy Reuse Water
One Bryant Park 6 th Ave at 42 nd Street New York City Durst Organization Grey Water/Rain Water Capture and Reuse Toilet Flushing Cooling Tower Make-up CHP LEED Platinum 2009 Conserving Water and Energy
WC RW DW 53-02 OF DW 53 rd Floor GW/RW CC LAV WC 41-01, 29-01, 22-01 41 st, 29 th & 22 nd Floor GW/RW (3 Tanks) OF To 29, 22 & S Key of Symbols Meter C1-01: Meter ID DW: Domestic Water RW: Rain Water GW: Grey Water LAV: Lavatory Waste CC: Cooling Coil G: Groundwater OF: Over Flow S: City Sewer WC: Water Closets CT: Cooling Tower BB: Base Building BOA: Bank of America DW NYC DW To BOA CT WC DW DW By-Pass To BB CT To BB CT C3-04 07-01 Cogen NYC DW C1-03 C2-05 C3-03 C2-04 RW CC G LAV C3-01 C2-06 C1-01 C1-02 C2-03 To Subway BOA CT C3 GW/RW Domestic House
Population: 45,000 55,000 Co-op City - Reuse for Existing Communities HVAC and CHP Centralized Chilled Water and Combined H&P 150,000 GPD Irrigation for Revegatation Improved micro-climate Reduce cooling loads Economics 5 yr payback 25% reduced incentive rate
Integrated Water Reuse Systems Site 19B Tribeca Green Site 23 24 Millstein Properties Site 18A and 18 B- The Solaire and The Verdesian Site 16-17 Riverhouse Site 3 Albanese Development Site 2 Millennium Point The Helena 57 th Street Durst Development One Bryant Park 42 nd Street- Durst Development
What s Up Next Combination fire suppression and nonpotable water distribution reduce water distribution costs dramatically while improving fire distribution operations Anaerobic digestion of biosolids and green waste Anaerobic treatment via AMBR Nutrient capture and reuse
Societal Benefits Flexibility not being tied to rigid centralized system limitations- ability to integrate multiple systems Improved standard of living lower mean household income devoted to water resource management Security - Lower risk associated with drought, floods and catastrophic events Well being better environmental protection and lower health risks
We must not complacently accept the problems associated with traditional infrastructure when better solutions already exist.
Edward A. Clerico, P.E., LEED AP President, Alliance Environmental LLC 908-359-5129 eclerico@allianceenvironmentalllc.com www.allianceenvironmentalllc.com