Pakistan Basmati Agricultural Practices Leading to Semi-Organic Productions Samee Ullah Naeem Chairman (Rice Exporters Association of Pakistan)(REAP) Ex-President-Gujranwala Chamber of Commerce and Industry Ex-Senior Vice Chairman- Rice Exporters Associations of Pakistan (REAP) CEO-Atlas Foods Private Limited
ROAD MAP Basmati Basmati Varieties Area Under Production Area Under Production (Basmati) Yearly Production Comparison Production Technology Leading to Semi Organic Production Groups of Pesticides Detected GMO s Conclusion
What is Basmati Basmati" derives from the Hindi word ब समत, bāsmatī, literally meaning "fragrant" [3] (Sanskrit ब समत, bāsamatī),a variety of long, slender-grained aromatic rice which is traditionally from the fertile lands of Punjab of both India and Pakistan. Basmati is the customary name for certain varieties of rice that are grown exclusively in specific areas of the Indo Gangetic Plains, which currently includes the Punjab (on both sides of the Indian and Pakistani border), Jammu, Haryana, Uttaranchal, and Western Uttar Pradesh in India. (According to UK Code of Practice 2017 Draft)
Basmati Varieties in Pakistan Super Basmati Rice (Duty Free when imported in EU as Brown Form) Basmati-385 Chenab Basmati (name added in draft but authentication is under process) Kissan Basmati (name added in draft but authentication is under process) Shaheen basmati Basmati 2000 Noor Basmati (name added in draft but authentication is under process) NIAB Basmati 2016 (name added in draft but authentication is under process) Basmati 515 ((name added in draft but authentication is under process) Kainat (Not added in Draft but it is locally considered as Basmati Rice)
Total Production of Rice in Pakistan 11% of Total Crop Area in Kharif Season 3.1% to value addition and 0.60% to GDP Punjab and Sindh (88% of Total Rice Production) Balochistan, KPK + Kashmir (12% of Total Rice Production) Total Expected Production in 2017-18 (6.9 Million Tons) 15% higher than Last Year 90% of Basmati is in North and 10% in South Region Kalar Area
Consumption and Exports 2.90 Million Tons (40-45% Domestic Consumption) Available for Exports around 4 Million Tons
Yearly Productions of Punjab (Acres) Variety Area Wise (Acres) Year Super Basmati IRRI Others Total 2014-15 3262000 486000 847000 4595000 2015-16 3099000 453000 845000 4397000 2016-17 3303000 320000 582000 4205000 2017-18 3633000 310000 580000 4523000
Yearly Productions (Paddy) in Punjab Variety Production Wise (Paddy) (Million Tons) in Punjab Year Basmati IRRI Others Total 2014-15 3.9144 1.1664 1.5246 6.6054 2015-16 3.7188 1.0872 1.521 6.327 2016-17 3.9636 0.768 1.0476 5.7792 2017-18 4.3596 0.744 1.044 6.1476
Yearly Production of Super Basmati (Brown and Milled) Year Super Basmati Exportable Production FAQ Rice Brown Exportable Milled Exportable 2014-15 2.54436 1.90827 1.335789 2015-16 2.41722 1.812915 1.2690405 2016-17 2.57634 1.932255 1.3525785 2017-18 2.83374 2.125305 1.4877135
Yearly Exports of Basmati Rice 1.200.000 1.000.000 800.000 600.000 400.000 483.777 410.425 347.074 Exports of Basmati Rice from Year 2000 to 2017 656.117 593.320 741.998 771.099 924.358 850.638 1.050.052 1.137.943 968.941 733.860 676.630 630.035 605.000 523.000 Qty. (MT) 200.000 -
Yearly Average Price of Basmati Rice (FOB PMT) 1400 Exports of Basmati Rice from Year 2000 to 2017 1200 1000 800 971 1102 825 837 871 995 1153 1007 875 970 600 492 481 521 531 550 571 615 AVG Unit Price ($) 400 200 0
Exports of Non Basmati Rice 4.000.000 3.500.000 3.000.000 2.500.000 2.000.000 1.500.000 1.000.000 1.792.224 Exports of Non Basmati Rice from Year 2000 to 2017 1.134.065 1.103.256 1.006.400 2.076.396 2.849.740 2.221.236 1.671.055 2.005.703 3.557.501 3.219.000 3.054.680 2.858.978 2.895.000 2.755.905 2.563.664 2.627.899 QTY (MT) 500.000 -
Yearly Average Exportable Price (FOB PMT) 600 500 400 Average Exportable Price FOB PMT from Year 2000 to 2017 511 467 444 449 424 393 400 382 392 398 300 200 162 167 176 211 238 238 257 AVG.Unit Price ($) 100 0
Agronomic Practices- Semi Organic Production (At Nursery Level) 40% of seed requirements fulfilled by R&D Departments (For both Basmati and Non-Basmati) 60% of saved seed of farmers without any fungicide. Salt is used to purify seed (450 g of salt in 18 liter of water) Least or Almost Zero Application of Pesticide at Nursery Level Puddling for Extended Period Control Weeds To Create Anaerobic Condition Improve Soil Texture and Structure Animal Dung is particularly used in nursery growing fields rather than fertilizers. Nutrients for Nursery Restricts Collection of Seeds
Cultural Practices to Avoid use of Insecticides Uprooting of rice stubbles as early as possible No permission to sow nursery before 20 May Collective cooperation of farmers for canals cleaning Spray is practiced on uprooted Cleaned Canal Stuff only to kill eggs.
Agronomic Practices- Bed Prepration and Nursery Transfer Collection of Animal Dung whole the year Application of Water (Mix Dung with Soil) Moist the soil to level where weed shall grow Dormant seed will grow and Plough kills them Allowing the water to remain stagnant in fields for at least 15-20 days (Where there is no scarcity of water) and 07 days where some water scarcity is felt)
Agronomic Practices- Bed Prepration and Nursery Transfer (Conti ) Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorous based fertilizers (1 Bag of DAP (Di-Ammonium Phosphate +01 Bag of Urea + 01 Bag of SOP (Sulphate of Potash)- Recommended by Punjab Agriculture Department at various phases of growth. Lack of strong financial muscles of farmers hinders in application of fertilizers as per PT. Trend towards sowing of Dhancha (Green Manure Crop).
Application of Pesticides Weak financial muscles and costly pesticides Applied mostly after attack by farmers Progressive farmers apply but less than recommended dose Fungus based attacks are quite less (Bipolariss oryzae- Rice Blight) and (Pyricularia oryzae- Rice Blast) Insect attack is prevalent (Gross Hopper) which is considered as natural attack and less bothered.
GROUPS OF PESTICIDE DETECTED 60% Detection Chlorpyrifos (-ethyl) -----Cotton --Malpractice to use in warehouses to kill weevil and Khapra Triazophos------ Cotton-- Malpractice to use in warehouses to kill weevil and Khapra Imidacloprid --(Cotton and Maize)-- Aphids, Thrips and White Fly Tebuconazol (Rice) against Fungus attack on Rice (Blast) Difenoconazol (Rice ) against Sheath Blight and False Smut (Rice) Carbendazim/Benomyl
Detection in Super Basmati Brown Rice (2015-16) Total Number of Samples Tested : 338 Samples Found in Compliance : 332 Sample Failed to show compliance : 06 Pesticide detected : biphenoyl
GMO s in Pakistan Basmati Rice 30,000 Tons of Super Basmati (Brown and Milled) No detection even in Single Sample
Conclusion Agronomic Practices supporting semi organic products Pesticide issue which is not product related can be vanished immediately with effective communication and training. There is negligible GMO s detection in Basmati Rice